Al-Nahrain Journal of Science最新文献

{"title":"Challenges Facing Us in DNA Analysis from Human Hair Samples: A Review","authors":"Halah K Ibrahim Al-Sammaraie, Reem Husam Al-Tabra, Asia Abdul Lateef Mahdi, Mayyahi Mohammed T. Jaber, May R. Jaafar, Mohammed Mahdi Al-Zubaidi, Asmaa A. jawad","doi":"10.22401/anjs.27.1.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22401/anjs.27.1.07","url":null,"abstract":"Human hair is a valuable tool in criminology, aiding in population studies through statistics and DNA analysis. It's easily identifiable at crime scenes, often clinging to clothing, carpets, and various surfaces, including animal fur, through a process known as secondary transfer. Forensic analysis of hair evidence serves several purposes; it can help establish the possibility of a connection between a suspect and a crime scene or between a suspect and a victim. It can demonstrate that there is no evidence linking the perpetrator to the crime scene or the suspect to the victim. While microscopic hair analysis cannot definitively identify a specific individual as the source of the hair, it does provide a solid basis for association. The wealth of macroscopic and microscopic details available in hair examination can also provide strong evidence for the defense. To understand the challenges of conducting DNA tests on hair, it's essential to study hair structure and composition. DNA in hair is not evenly distributed throughout every part of the hair; it exists in both nuclear and mitochondrial forms.","PeriodicalId":7494,"journal":{"name":"Al-Nahrain Journal of Science","volume":"11 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140400197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Construction of Dopamine Hydrochloride Liquid Selective Electrodes","authors":"Rana A. Hammza","doi":"10.22401/anjs.27.1.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22401/anjs.27.1.03","url":null,"abstract":"Three liquid selective electrodes were synthesized based on particle pair to selective dopamine chloride. The construction electrodes consist of phosphomolybdicacid (dopamine), di-n-butyl phosphate, Di-n-butyl phthalate, and di-octylphenyl phosphonate as plasticizers materials. The construction of preparing probes was examined potentially with successes Nernstain response around 52.50 and 50. 50 mV/decade for electrodes on both DBPH and DOPH were as plasticizers, respectively. The most direct ranges concentrations of dopamine in drug form were found to be around 2.5×10-5-1.0×10-2 for DBPH and 4.30×10-5 -1.0×10-1 M for DOPH. The detection limits were reached to 2.31×10-6 in DBPH and 5. 63×10-6 M in DOPH electrode type. While third electrode relied on di-n-butyl phosphate (DPH), a non-Nernstain equivalent of around 19.10 mV/decade with a range of concentration about 2.2×10-5 -1.0×10-1 with a detection limit equivalent to 6.35×10-6. The pH values in the experimental application were asses to obtain the best determination of dopamine concentration at 10-3M. The optimisation of both electrodes DBPH and DOPH achieved good agreements to lifetime, selectivity, potentiometric techniques and accuracy of measurements. At the same time the standard expansion, various standard expansions and potentiometric titration result in an immediate strategy for the assurance of dopamine in drug form.","PeriodicalId":7494,"journal":{"name":"Al-Nahrain Journal of Science","volume":"29 22","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140277747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"AutomatedFace Mask Detection Using Pretrained CNN","authors":"Farah Saad Al-Mukhta","doi":"10.22401/anjs.26.4.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22401/anjs.26.4.12","url":null,"abstract":"In recent times, the use of face masks has emerged as a critical subject. Automated facial mask detection can curb the transmission of the COVID-19 virus and SARS-VIRUS within communal areas by identifying individuals who are not utilizing masks. In this work, a pretrained Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) with model ResNet-50, which is initially trained on the Image Net competition data, is utilized. This model is augmented with a 300-linear layer network and fine-tuned on a dataset that comprises 1,000 facial images. During the evaluation of the validation dataset consisting of approximately 800 face images, the model achieved an impressive 99% accuracy. Its primary objective is to discover if an individual is wearing a facial mask using a cropped image of their face. By leveraging such advanced technologies, we can contribute significantly to public health and safety measures in the ongoing battle against COVID-19 and SARS-VIRUS.Keywords:CNNCOVID-19Face Mask Detection (FMD) SARSDOI: 10.22401/ANJS.26.4.12*corresponding author email: farah.saad@nahrainuniv.edu.iqThis work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License1.Introduction COVID-19 (CO ronaVIrus Disease of 2019) and SARS(Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome) are two viral respiratory illnesses caused by coronaviruses, both of which have had important global impacts on public health [1]. These contagious diseases emerged in different time frames but share similarities in their mode of transmission and clinical presentation, prompting the search for effective non-pharmaceutical strategies to mitigate their spread [2]. One essential strategy to reduce the transmission of respiratory droplets, which can carry the viruses, is the widespread adoption of face masks in public spaces. However, monitoring and ensuring compliance with mask-wearing practices in crowded areas can be challenging, particularly in densely populated regions. Automatic face mask detection (FMD) systems powered by advanced technologies offer a potential solution to this challenge [3]. Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) and deep learning techniques have demonstrated remarkable success in computer vision tasks, including image classification [4]. In this context, utilizing pretrained CNN models, such as ResNet-50, has shown promising results for identifying faces wearing or not wearing masks. In this work, we explore applying a pretrained ResNet-50 CNN model fine-tuned on a well-balanced dataset of 12,000cropped photos of faces with and without masks. The goal is to create an accurate and reliable FMD (Face Mask Detection) system that can automatically identify individuals who are not wearing masks in public spaces. Through this work, we aim to contribute to the expanding realm of research on FMD as a crucial tool to prevent the spread of respiratory illnesses. The successful implementation of such technology has the ability to play a significant role in safeguarding public health, improving safe","PeriodicalId":7494,"journal":{"name":"Al-Nahrain Journal of Science","volume":"36 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139188741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Laser and Scanning Electron Spectroscopyof Benzyl Hydrogen-4-(Dimethylamino) Benzylidene Hydroxycarbon Hydrazodithiate Schiff’s Base","authors":"Seenar S. Hameed, Dina Ahmed, Mohammed Kadhom, Salam Mohammed","doi":"10.22401/anjs.26.4.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22401/anjs.26.4.04","url":null,"abstract":"The Schiff base compound, benzyl hydrogen-4-(dimethylamino) benzylidene hydroxycarbon hydrazodithiate(BHDBHH), was investigated under continuous wave laser beam irradiation (30 mW), and its chemical properties were analyzed. The material's chemical properties were found to be affected during laser processing. We examined the chemical properties of the Schiff base using a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) Spectroscopy. By varying the exposure time, we discovered that longer exposure times resulted in a darker colouration of the compound, even at a low power of 30 mW. This finding led us to conclude that the compound is highly sensitive to laser exposure and can be easily diffused with a more powerful laser. The EDX test revealed a significant reduction in the sulfur element, with more than 50% of it being burned during the exposure.","PeriodicalId":7494,"journal":{"name":"Al-Nahrain Journal of Science","volume":"30 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139193304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modified Firefly Algorithm using Iterated Descent Method to Solve Machine Scheduling Problems","authors":"Hafed M. Motair","doi":"10.22401/anjs.26.4.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22401/anjs.26.4.13","url":null,"abstract":"One of the most efficient metaheuristic algorithms that is used to solve hard optimization problems is the firefly algorithm (FFA). In this paper we use this algorithm to solve a single machine scheduling problem, we aim to minimize the sum of the two cost functions: the maximum tardiness and the maximum earliness. This problem (P) is NP-hard so we solve this problem using FFA as a metaheuristic algorithm. To explore the search space and get a good solution to a problem (Q), we hybridize FFA by Iterated Descent Method (IDM) in three ways and the results are FFA1, FFA2, and FFA3. In the computational test, we evaluate these algorithms (FFA, FFA1, FFA2, FFA3) compared with the genetic algorithm (GA) through a simulation process with job sizes from 10 jobs to 100 jobs. The results indicate that these modifications improve the performance of the original FFA and one of them (FFA3) gives better performance than others.","PeriodicalId":7494,"journal":{"name":"Al-Nahrain Journal of Science","volume":"437 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139195288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis and Characterization ofZrO2:ZnO Nanoparticles Prepared by Laser Induced Plasma","authors":"Marwa A. Mohammed, Hassan N. Hashim","doi":"10.22401/anjs.26.4.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22401/anjs.26.4.11","url":null,"abstract":"n this research, we looked at how laser energy affected the structural and optical characteristics of ZrO2:ZnO thin films at mixing ratios(0.1, 0.2, 0.3and0.4) that were applied on glass slides using the pulse laser deposition technique (PLD). Nd:YAG laser was utilized with a wavelength of 1064 nm, a pulse width of 9 ns, and an energy of 320 mJ. The X-ray diffraction patterns revealed that all the films had a polycrystalline hexagonal crystal structure. AFM was used to measure the topography of the film's surface, and the results revealed that the average roughness and grain size increased. After analyzing the optical characteristics of each film, it was discovered that the absorption coefficient in the 200–1000 nm wavelength range increases at 320 mJ of laser energy and that the optical energy gap value for indirect permitted transitions decreases between 3.58 and 3.4eV","PeriodicalId":7494,"journal":{"name":"Al-Nahrain Journal of Science","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139194315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New Ion Selective Electrodes for Analysis of Metformin Based on Molecularly Imprinted Polymers","authors":"Nabeel Mohammed, Yehya Kamal Al-Bayati","doi":"10.22401/anjs.26.4.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22401/anjs.26.4.06","url":null,"abstract":"Metformin (MEF) imprinted polymer liquid electrodes arecreated using a precipitation polymerization process. The MEF served as a template for the creation of molecularly imprinted (MIP) materials using benzoyl peroxide (BPO) as an initiator, allyl methacrylate (AMA) crosslinkers, and glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) as a monomer. UtilizingDi-octyl-phthalate (DOPH) and di-butyl phthalate (DBPH) as plasticizers in a PVC matrix, the molecularly imprinted membranes arecreated. The reaction time is approximately 50 seconds, and the limits of detection for liquid electrodes, as determined by the calibration curves, are 55.6 to 58.4 mV/decadeat 5×10-5M and 8×10-5M respectively. The liquid electrodes demonstrated good selectivity over a variety of species and a consistent reaction when filled with a typical 0.1 M drug solution across the pH range of 1 to 11. Modern electrodes can detect MEF without the need for time-consuming pre-treatment procedures in pharmaceutical samples.","PeriodicalId":7494,"journal":{"name":"Al-Nahrain Journal of Science","volume":"159 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139195319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Efficiency of Titanium-Graphite Electrode Cells in the Presence of Ionic Liquids and Deep Eutectic Solvents as Electrolytes","authors":"Bassam Baqer Hasan, Taghried Ali Salman, Asmaa Kadim Ayal","doi":"10.22401/anjs.26.4.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22401/anjs.26.4.02","url":null,"abstract":"Prior to the start of production, several factors must be considered, including the price, effectiveness, and environmental friendliness of batteries. Ionic liquids and deep eutectic solvents have shown significant success when employed as electrolytes with Titanium-graphite cells, especially when combined with additives that enhance their conductivity by reducing the high viscosity of these liquids. Evaluating the discharge voltage of the AlCl3-chloroacetamide IL with DCM as an additive revealed a voltage of 1.16V and an internal resistance of 11 Ohm. These electrochemical cells exhibited an intriguing response. Otherwise, when utilizing CaCl2.2H2O: Acetamide DES with DI water as an additive, the cell voltage measured 0.97V,with an internal resistance of 23 Ohm. Moreover, these cells demonstrated thermal stability during both charging and discharging processes, which can be attributed to the concentration and quality of the ionic species. Furthermore, the surfaces of the Titanium electrodes were examined using FESEM and EDXA equipment to assess the impact of the ionic liquid and DES on these electrodes.","PeriodicalId":7494,"journal":{"name":"Al-Nahrain Journal of Science","volume":"5 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139188383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Comparative Study on Flavonoid Content of Cheilanthes Pteridioides (Richard.) C. Chr.1905 in Two Different Districts -Iraq","authors":"Abbas M.Ismail, S. Al-Majmaie, Z.A. Ali","doi":"10.22401/anjs.26.4.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22401/anjs.26.4.08","url":null,"abstract":"The studied regions were comprised of Erbil and Garmian districts, there were differences in geographic locations and habitat. The collected ferns were from 1st in Mallakan region, and 2nd in Kalar region from Erbil and Garmian districts respectively. Four active compounds qualitatively (flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids and saponins) were screened in two studied regions. Flavonoid compounds screened in the Mallakan region represent four flavonoids which were: Myrectin, Kaempferole and Rutine , but in Kalar region represent: Kaempherol, Myrectin, Qurectin and Rutin. A phytochemical quantitative study revealed that total flavonoids in Kalar region (540 μg/ml) were higher than total flavonoids in the Mallakan region (280 μg/ml). The study aimed to determine the flavonoids of Cheilanthes pteridioids (Richard) C. Chr. (Pteridaceae) in two different districts North of Iraq.","PeriodicalId":7494,"journal":{"name":"Al-Nahrain Journal of Science","volume":"50 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139193187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of Micro-Alga Tetradesmus Nygaardi for Wastewater Quality Improvement","authors":"Muzhda Q. Qader, Yahya A. Shekha","doi":"10.22401/anjs.26.4.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22401/anjs.26.4.09","url":null,"abstract":"Microalgae have been increasingly used for wastewater treatment due to their capacity to assimilate nutrients. Samples of wastewater were taken from the Erbil wastewater channel near Dhahibha village. To investigate the role of algae in wastewater treatment algal samples were collected and used to isolate the most dominant and pollution tolerant algae such as Tetradesmus nygaardi cultures in BG11 broth and used for the treatment. Three doses (2, 1, and 0.2 g. l-1) of micro-algae Tetradesmus nygaardi were applied for this experiment for 21 days, and samples were periodically (every 3 days) analyzed for physicochemical parameters such as pH, EC, phosphate, nitrate, and BOD5 using standard methods, in addition to, chlorophyll a determination. Results showed that the highest dose (2g.l-1) was the most effective for removing the highest rate of nutrients, which was confirmed statistically with significant differences (p≤0.05) between all doses. Ammonium had the highest removal rate of 96 %, followed by NO3at 95%, while BOD5 had a range of 82 to 89.5%. Results showed that the highest dose 2g.l-1 was the most effective dose for removing nutrients, confirmed by significant differences (p≤0.05) between all doses. Reduced nutrient levels were accompanied by an increase in chlorophyll content, with the greatest biomass production of 1.03 mg. l-1 on the 17th day of the experiment.","PeriodicalId":7494,"journal":{"name":"Al-Nahrain Journal of Science","volume":"48 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139188818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}