The arabidopsis book最新文献_第6页

The arabidopsis book Pub Date : 2010-01-01 Epub Date: 2010-05-08 DOI: 10.1199/tab.0131

David P Dixon, Robert Edwards

引用次数: 0

Flower development. 花朵发育

The arabidopsis book Pub Date : 2010-01-01 Epub Date: 2010-03-23 DOI: 10.1199/tab.0127

Elena R Alvarez-Buylla, Mariana Benítez, Adriana Corvera-Poiré, Alvaro Chaos Cador, Stefan de Folter, Alicia Gamboa de Buen, Adriana Garay-Arroyo, Berenice García-Ponce, Fabiola Jaimes-Miranda, Rigoberto V Pérez-Ruiz, Alma Piñeyro-Nelson, Yara E Sánchez-Corrales

{"title":"Flower development.","authors":"Elena R Alvarez-Buylla, Mariana Benítez, Adriana Corvera-Poiré, Alvaro Chaos Cador, Stefan de Folter, Alicia Gamboa de Buen, Adriana Garay-Arroyo, Berenice García-Ponce, Fabiola Jaimes-Miranda, Rigoberto V Pérez-Ruiz, Alma Piñeyro-Nelson, Yara E Sánchez-Corrales","doi":"10.1199/tab.0127","DOIUrl":"10.1199/tab.0127","url":null,"abstract":"Flowers are the most complex structures of plants. Studies of Arabidopsis thaliana, which has typical eudicot flowers, have been fundamental in advancing the structural and molecular understanding of flower development. The main processes and stages of Arabidopsis flower development are summarized to provide a framework in which to interpret the detailed molecular genetic studies of genes assigned functions during flower development and is extended to recent genomics studies uncovering the key regulatory modules involved. Computational models have been used to study the concerted action and dynamics of the gene regulatory module that underlies patterning of the Arabidopsis inflorescence meristem and specification of the primordial cell types during early stages of flower development. This includes the gene combinations that specify sepal, petal, stamen and carpel identity, and genes that interact with them. As a dynamic gene regulatory network this module has been shown to converge to stable multigenic profiles that depend upon the overall network topology and are thus robust, which can explain the canalization of flower organ determination and the overall conservation of the basic flower plan among eudicots. Comparative and evolutionary approaches derived from Arabidopsis studies pave the way to studying the molecular basis of diverse floral morphologies.","PeriodicalId":74946,"journal":{"name":"The arabidopsis book","volume":"8 ","pages":"e0127"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3244948/pdf/tab.0127.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30434509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Necrotroph attacks on plants: wanton destruction or covert extortion? 嗜尸者对植物的攻击：肆意破坏还是暗中敲诈？

The arabidopsis book Pub Date : 2010-01-01 Epub Date: 2010-08-10 DOI: 10.1199/tab.0136

Kristin Laluk, Tesfaye Mengiste

{"title":"Necrotroph attacks on plants: wanton destruction or covert extortion?","authors":"Kristin Laluk, Tesfaye Mengiste","doi":"10.1199/tab.0136","DOIUrl":"10.1199/tab.0136","url":null,"abstract":"Necrotrophic pathogens cause major pre- and post-harvest diseases in numerous agronomic and horticultural crops inflicting significant economic losses. In contrast to biotrophs, obligate plant parasites that infect and feed on living cells, necrotrophs promote the destruction of host cells to feed on their contents. This difference underpins the divergent pathogenesis strategies and plant immune responses to biotrophic and necrotrophic infections. This chapter focuses on Arabidopsis immunity to necrotrophic pathogens. The strategies of infection, virulence and suppression of host defenses recruited by necrotrophs and the variation in host resistance mechanisms are highlighted. The multiplicity of intraspecific virulence factors and species diversity in necrotrophic organisms corresponds to variations in host resistance strategies. Resistance to host-specific necrotophs is monogenic whereas defense against broad host necrotrophs is complex, requiring the involvement of many genes and pathways for full resistance. Mechanisms and components of immunity such as the role of plant hormones, secondary metabolites, and pathogenesis proteins are presented. We will discuss the current state of knowledge of Arabidopsis immune responses to necrotrophic pathogens, the interactions of these responses with other defense pathways, and contemplate on the directions of future research.","PeriodicalId":74946,"journal":{"name":"The arabidopsis book","volume":"8 ","pages":"e0136"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3244965/pdf/tab.0136.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30434459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Regulation by polycomb and trithorax group proteins in Arabidopsis. 拟南芥多梳和三胸蛋白的调控。

The arabidopsis book Pub Date : 2010-01-01 Epub Date: 2010-05-08 DOI: 10.1199/tab.0128

Raúl Alvarez-Venegas

引用次数: 32

Glucosinolate breakdown in Arabidopsis: mechanism, regulation and biological significance. 拟南芥硫代葡萄糖苷分解:机制、调控及生物学意义。

The arabidopsis book Pub Date : 2010-01-01 Epub Date: 2010-07-12 DOI: 10.1199/tab.0134

Ute Wittstock, Meike Burow

引用次数: 247

The Biosynthetic Pathways for Shikimate and Aromatic Amino Acids in Arabidopsis thaliana. 拟南芥中莽草酸和芳香氨基酸的生物合成途径。

The arabidopsis book Pub Date : 2010-01-01 Epub Date: 2010-05-17 DOI: 10.1199/tab.0132

Vered Tzin, Gad Galili

{"title":"The Biosynthetic Pathways for Shikimate and Aromatic Amino Acids in Arabidopsis thaliana.","authors":"Vered Tzin, Gad Galili","doi":"10.1199/tab.0132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1199/tab.0132","url":null,"abstract":"The aromatic amino acids phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan in plants are not only essential components of protein synthesis, but also serve as precursors for a wide range of secondary metabolites that are important for plant growth as well as for human nutrition and health. The aromatic amino acids are synthesized via the shikimate pathway followed by the branched aromatic amino acid metabolic pathway, with chorismate serving as a major branch point intermediate metabolite. Yet, the regulation of their synthesis is still far from being understood. So far, only three enzymes in this pathway, namely, chorismate mutase of phenylalanine and tyrosine synthesis, tryptophan synthase of tryptophan biosynthesis and arogenate dehydratase of phenylalanine biosynthesis, proved experimentally to be allosterically regulated. The major biosynthesis route of phenylalanine in plants occurs via arogenate. Yet, recent studies suggest that an alternative route of phynylalanine biosynthesis via phenylpyruvate may also exist in plants, similarly to many microorganisms. Several transcription factors regulating the expression of genes encoding enzymes of both the shikimate pathway and aromatic amino acid metabolism have also been recently identified in Arabidopsis and other plant species.","PeriodicalId":74946,"journal":{"name":"The arabidopsis book","volume":"8 ","pages":"e0132"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1199/tab.0132","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30434512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 294

Proline metabolism and its implications for plant-environment interaction. 脯氨酸代谢及其在植物-环境相互作用中的意义。

The arabidopsis book Pub Date : 2010-01-01 Epub Date: 2010-11-03 DOI: 10.1199/tab.0140

Paul E Verslues, Sandeep Sharma

{"title":"Proline metabolism and its implications for plant-environment interaction.","authors":"Paul E Verslues, Sandeep Sharma","doi":"10.1199/tab.0140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1199/tab.0140","url":null,"abstract":"Proline has long been known to accumulate in plants experiencing water limitation and this has driven studies of proline as a beneficial solute allowing plants to increase cellular osmolarity during water limitation. Proline metabolism also has roles in redox buffering and energy transfer and is involved in plant pathogen interaction and programmed cell death. Some of these unique roles of proline depend on the properties of proline itself, whereas others depend on the “proline cycle” of coordinated proline synthesis in the chloroplast and cytoplasm with proline catabolism in the mitochondria. The regulatory mechanisms controlling proline metabolism, intercellular and intracellular transport and connections of proline to other metabolic pathways are all important to the in vivo functions of proline metabolism. Connections of proline metabolism to the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway and glutamate-glutamine metabolism are of particular interest. The N-acetyl glutamate pathway can also produce ornithine and, potentially, proline but its role and activity are unclear. Use of model systems such as Arabidopsis thaliana to better understand both these long studied and newly emerging functions of proline can help in the design of next-generation experiments testing whether proline metabolism is a promising metabolic engineering target for improving stress resistance of economically important plants.","PeriodicalId":74946,"journal":{"name":"The arabidopsis book","volume":"8 ","pages":"e0140"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1199/tab.0140","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30434463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 486

Photorespiration. 光吸收

The arabidopsis book Pub Date : 2010-01-01 Epub Date: 2010-03-23 DOI: 10.1199/tab.0130

Christoph Peterhansel, Ina Horst, Markus Niessen, Christian Blume, Rashad Kebeish, Sophia Kürkcüoglu, Fritz Kreuzaler

{"title":"Photorespiration.","authors":"Christoph Peterhansel, Ina Horst, Markus Niessen, Christian Blume, Rashad Kebeish, Sophia Kürkcüoglu, Fritz Kreuzaler","doi":"10.1199/tab.0130","DOIUrl":"10.1199/tab.0130","url":null,"abstract":"Photorespiration is initiated by the oxygenase activity of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate-carboxylase/oxygenase (RUBISCO), the same enzyme that is also responsible for CO(2) fixation in almost all photosynthetic organisms. Phosphoglycolate formed by oxygen fixation is recycled to the Calvin cycle intermediate phosphoglycerate in the photorespiratory pathway. This reaction cascade consumes energy and reducing equivalents and part of the afore fixed carbon is again released as CO(2). Because of this, photorespiration was often viewed as a wasteful process. Here, we review the current knowledge on the components of the photorespiratory pathway that has been mainly achieved through genetic and biochemical studies in Arabidopsis. Based on this knowledge, the energy costs of photorespiration are calculated, but the numerous positive aspects that challenge the traditional view of photorespiration as a wasteful pathway are also discussed. An outline of possible alternative pathways beside the major pathway is provided. We summarize recent results about photorespiration in photosynthetic organisms expressing a carbon concentrating mechanism and the implications of these results for understanding Arabidopsis photorespiration. Finally, metabolic engineering approaches aiming to improve plant productivity by reducing photorespiratory losses are evaluated.","PeriodicalId":74946,"journal":{"name":"The arabidopsis book","volume":"8 ","pages":"e0130"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3244903/pdf/tab.0130.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30434510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Progress and Promise in using Arabidopsis to Study Adaptation, Divergence, and Speciation. 利用拟南芥研究适应、分化和物种的进展与前景。

The arabidopsis book Pub Date : 2010-01-01 Epub Date: 2010-09-29 DOI: 10.1199/tab.0138

Ben Hunter, Kirsten Bomblies

{"title":"Progress and Promise in using Arabidopsis to Study Adaptation, Divergence, and Speciation.","authors":"Ben Hunter, Kirsten Bomblies","doi":"10.1199/tab.0138","DOIUrl":"10.1199/tab.0138","url":null,"abstract":"Fundamental questions remain to be answered on how lineages split and new species form. The Arabidopsis genus, with several increasingly well characterized species closely related to the model system A. thaliana, provides a rare opportunity to address key questions in speciation research. Arabidopsis species, and in some cases populations within a species, vary considerably in their habitat preferences, adaptations to local environments, mating system, life history strategy, genome structure and chromosome number. These differences provide numerous open doors for understanding the role these factors play in population divergence and how they may cause barriers to arise among nascent species. Molecular tools available in A. thaliana are widely applicable to its relatives, and together with modern comparative genomic approaches they will provide new and increasingly mechanistic insights into the processes underpinning lineage divergence and speciation. We will discuss recent progress in understanding the molecular basis of local adaptation, reproductive isolation and genetic incompatibility, focusing on work utilizing the Arabidopsis genus, and will highlight several areas in which additional research will provide meaningful insights into adaptation and speciation processes in this genus.","PeriodicalId":74946,"journal":{"name":"The arabidopsis book","volume":"8 ","pages":"e0138"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3244966/pdf/tab.0138.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30434460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Phototropism: mechanism and outcomes. 趋光性:机制和结果。

The arabidopsis book Pub Date : 2010-01-01 Epub Date: 2010-08-31 DOI: 10.1199/tab.0125

Ullas V Pedmale, R Brandon Celaya, Emmanuel Liscum

引用次数: 49