The anthropocene review最新文献

{"title":"Quantitative and dynamic scenario analysis of SDGs outcomes upon global sustainability 1990–2050","authors":"J. Phillips","doi":"10.1177/20530196231170367","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20530196231170367","url":null,"abstract":"The UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are the keystone policy framework for countries to achieve sustainable development. However, in fulfilling the SDGs, there is no definitive evaluation of the potential long-term outcomes upon the level, nature, and dynamics of global sustainability. This is crucial to understand, as otherwise, governments and societies may implement policies which achieve the SDGs, but are detrimental to the long-term global co-evolutionary environment-human relationship and system. Therefore, this paper determines and evaluates the potential global sustainability outcomes of the implementation of the SDGs for the specified period of 1990–2050. This is achieved by the application of the Sustainability Dynamics Framework to the results of the Earth3 model. The Earth3 model evaluated the degree of success of implementing the SDGs in respect to four development scenarios: (1) Same (business-as-usual); (2) Faster; (3) Harder and (4) Smarter. The results from the SDF application indicate that Scenario 4 (Smarter) had the best potential outcomes of the scenarios evaluated, approaching a borderline weak-strong sustainability state by the end of the specified period. The other scenarios had relatively stagnant levels of very weak sustainability. Based upon the results obtained, the broader context and implications are discussed, primarily in respect to the role and impact of the SDGs. The paper concludes by stating that humanity as a species needs to fundamentally transform its relationship with the environment, or risk being lost not only as a species, but also to the planet as well.","PeriodicalId":74943,"journal":{"name":"The anthropocene review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41451164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to The complex relationships between economic inequality and biodiversity: A scoping review","authors":"","doi":"10.1177/20530196231172714","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20530196231172714","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":74943,"journal":{"name":"The anthropocene review","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135215473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In memory of Will Steffen, 1947–2023","authors":"F. Oldfield","doi":"10.1177/20530196231170366","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20530196231170366","url":null,"abstract":"Will Steffen’s death has prompted the present article that attempts to summarise the many aspects of his contribution to our understanding of Earth System science, his role as an outstanding leader and communicator and the affection and respect he earned from his many colleagues, friends and associates. Personal recollections of Will from his time as Executive Director of the International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme (IGBP) and as contributor to and fellow editor of the Anthropocene Review are also included.","PeriodicalId":74943,"journal":{"name":"The anthropocene review","volume":"10 1","pages":"474 - 478"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42537807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Why landfill deposits are a distinguishing feature of the Anthropocene","authors":"M. Vaverková, E. Koda","doi":"10.1177/20530196231170370","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20530196231170370","url":null,"abstract":"The Anthropocene is generally defined as a postulated new geological epoch, which, according to various authors, began in the 20th century. The postulated Anthropocene Epoch is characterized by a decrease in biodiversity, climate change, transformations of the Earth’s surface, exploitation of natural resources, and environmental pollution. Waste landfills influence some of these features (e.g. biodiversity and climate change, create new anthropostratigraphic geological layers); therefore, they should also be a matter of interest and research conducted in order to become considered as a subsequent postulate confirming the Anthropocene Epoch. This paper draws attention to the fact that environments created and dominated by human activity, such as waste landfills, may be used as an effective starting point to confirm the new Anthropocene Epoch. Waste landfills contribute significantly to geological, climatic, environmental, and ecological changes (modification).","PeriodicalId":74943,"journal":{"name":"The anthropocene review","volume":"10 1","pages":"463 - 473"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47623817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Searsville Lake Site (California, USA) as a candidate Global boundary Stratotype Section and Point for the Anthropocene series.","authors":"M Allison Stegner,&nbsp;Elizabeth A Hadly,&nbsp;Anthony D Barnosky,&nbsp;SeanPaul La Selle,&nbsp;Brian Sherrod,&nbsp;R Scott Anderson,&nbsp;Sergio A Redondo,&nbsp;Maria C Viteri,&nbsp;Karrie L Weaver,&nbsp;Andrew B Cundy,&nbsp;Pawel Gaca,&nbsp;Neil L Rose,&nbsp;Handong Yang,&nbsp;Sarah L Roberts,&nbsp;Irka Hajdas,&nbsp;Bryan A Black,&nbsp;Trisha L Spanbauer","doi":"10.1177/20530196221144098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20530196221144098","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cores from Searsville Lake within Stanford University's Jasper Ridge Biological Preserve, California, USA, are examined to identify a potential GSSP for the Anthropocene: core JRBP2018-VC01B (944.5 cm-long) and tightly correlated JRBP2018-VC01A (852.5 cm-long). Spanning from 1900 CE ± 3 years to 2018 CE, a secure chronology resolved to the sub-annual level allows detailed exploration of the Holocene-Anthropocene transition. We identify the primary GSSP marker as first appearance of ^239,240Pu (372-374 cm) in JRBP2018-VC01B and designate the GSSP depth as the distinct boundary between wet and dry season at 366 cm (6 cm above the first sample containing ^239,240Pu) and corresponding to October-December 1948 CE. This is consistent with a lag of 1-2 years between ejection of ^239,240Pu into the atmosphere and deposition. Auxiliary markers include: first appearance of ¹³⁷Cs in 1958; late 20th-century decreases in δ¹⁵N; late 20th-century elevation in SCPs, Hg, Pb, and other heavy metals; and changes in abundance and presence of ostracod, algae, rotifer and protozoan microfossils. Fossil pollen document anthropogenic landscape changes related to logging and agriculture. As part of a major university, the Searsville site has long been used for research and education, serves users locally to internationally, and is protected yet accessible for future studies and communication about the Anthropocene.</p><p><strong>Plain word summary: </strong>The Global boundary Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) for the proposed Anthropocene Series/Epoch is suggested to lie in sediments accumulated over the last ~120 years in Searsville Lake, Woodside, California, USA. The site fulfills all of the ideal criteria for defining and placing a GSSP. In addition, the Searsville site is particularly appropriate to mark the onset of the Anthropocene, because it was anthropogenic activities-the damming of a watershed-that created a geologic record that now preserves the very signals that can be used to recognize the Anthropocene worldwide.</p>","PeriodicalId":74943,"journal":{"name":"The anthropocene review","volume":"10 1","pages":"116-145"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/4c/fc/10.1177_20530196221144098.PMC10193828.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10300105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Sihailongwan Maar Lake, northeastern China as a candidate Global boundary Stratotype Section and Point for the Anthropocene series","authors":"Yongming Han, A. Zhisheng, Dewen Lei, Weijian Zhou, Luyuan Zhang, Xue Zhao, D. Yan, R. Arimoto, N. Rose, S. Roberts, Li Li, Yalan Tang, Xingqi Liu, Xuewu Fu, Tobias Schneider, Xiaolin Hou, Jianghu Lan, L. Tan, Xingxing Liu, Jing Hu, Yunning Cao, Weiguo Liu, Feng Wu, Tianli Wang, X. Qiang, Ning Chen, Peng Cheng, Yifei Hao, Qiyuan Wang, G. Chu, Meiling Guo, Mei Han, Zhihai Tan, C. Wei, U. Dusek","doi":"10.1177/20530196231167019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20530196231167019","url":null,"abstract":"Sihailongwan Maar Lake, located in Northeast China, is a candidate Global boundary Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) for demarcation of the Anthropocene. The lake’s varved sediments are formed by alternating allogenic atmospheric inputs and authigenic lake processes and store a record of environmental and human impacts at a continental-global scale. Varve counting and radiometric dating provided a precise annual-resolution sediment chronology for the site. Time series records of radioactive (239,240Pu, 129I and soot 14C), chemical (spheroidal carbonaceous particles, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, soot, heavy metals, δ13C, etc.), physical (magnetic susceptibility and grayscale) and biological (environmental DNA) indicators all show rapid changes in the mid-20th century, coincident with clear lithological changes of the sediments. Statistical analyses of these proxies show a tipping point in 1954 CE. 239,240Pu activities follow a typical unimodal globally-distributed profile, and are proposed as the primary marker for the Anthropocene. A rapid increase in 239,240Pu activities at 88 mm depth in core SHLW21-Fr-13 (1953 CE) is synchronous with rapid changes of other anthropogenic proxies and the Great Acceleration, marking the onset of the Anthropocene. The results indicate that Sihailongwan Maar Lake is an ideal site for the Anthropocene GSSP.","PeriodicalId":74943,"journal":{"name":"The anthropocene review","volume":"10 1","pages":"177 - 200"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46120493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The varved succession of Crawford Lake, Milton, Ontario, Canada as a candidate Global boundary Stratotype Section and Point for the Anthropocene series.","authors":"Francine Mg McCarthy, R Timothy Patterson, Martin J Head, Nicholas L Riddick, Brian F Cumming, Paul B Hamilton, Michael Fj Pisaric, A Cale Gushulak, Peter R Leavitt, Krysten M Lafond, Brendan Llew-Williams, Matthew Marshall, Autumn Heyde, Paul M Pilkington, Joshua Moraal, Joseph I Boyce, Nawaf A Nasser, Carling Walsh, Monica Garvie, Sarah Roberts, Neil L Rose, Andy B Cundy, Pawel Gaca, Andy Milton, Irka Hajdas, Carley A Crann, Arnoud Boom, Sarah A Finkelstein, John H McAndrews","doi":"10.1177/20530196221149281","DOIUrl":"10.1177/20530196221149281","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>An annually laminated succession in Crawford Lake, Ontario, Canada is proposed for the Global boundary Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) to define the Anthropocene as a series/epoch with a base dated at 1950 CE. Varve couplets of organic matter capped by calcite precipitated each summer in alkaline surface waters reflect environmental change at global to local scales. Spheroidal carbonaceous particles and nitrogen isotopes record an increase in fossil fuel combustion in the early 1950s, coinciding with early fallout from nuclear and thermonuclear testing - ^239+240Pu and ¹⁴C:¹²C, the latter more than compensating for the effects of old carbon in this dolomitic basin. Rapid industrial expansion in the North American Great Lakes region led to enhanced leaching of terrigenous elements by acid precipitation during the Great Acceleration, and calcite precipitation was reduced, producing thin calcite laminae around the GSSP that is marked by a sharp decline in elm pollen (Dutch Elm disease). The lack of bioturbation in well-oxygenated bottom waters, supported by the absence of fossil pigments from obligately anaerobic purple sulfur bacteria, is attributed to elevated salinities and high alkalinity below the chemocline. This aerobic depositional environment, highly unusual in a meromictic lake, inhibits the mobilization of Pu, the proposed primary stratigraphic guide for the Anthropocene.</p>","PeriodicalId":74943,"journal":{"name":"The anthropocene review","volume":"10 1","pages":"146-176"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/bc/60/10.1177_20530196221149281.PMC10226010.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10297474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evidence and experiment: Curating contexts of Anthropocene geology","authors":"Christoph Rosol, Georg N Schäfer, S. Turner, C. Waters, M. Head, J. Zalasiewicz, Carlina Rossée, J. Renn, Katrin Klingan, Bernd M Scherer","doi":"10.1177/20530196231165621","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20530196231165621","url":null,"abstract":"Together with research teams from around the world, the Anthropocene Working Group (AWG) has been meticulously quantifying and scrutinizing the global stratigraphic imprint of human activities, the results of which are gathered in this thematic collection of papers in The Anthropocene Review. How can such empirical research, which so impressively articulates the end of a relatively stable Earth System in the mid-20th century, inform our ways of understanding and responding to the planetary crisis that the geological samples quietly represent? In this afterword to the collection we report and reflect on the joint undertaking of the AWG, Haus der Kulturen der Welt and the Max Planck Institute for the History of Science to bring geoscientific evidence, cultural experimentation and historical contextualization together in a shared public framework.","PeriodicalId":74943,"journal":{"name":"The anthropocene review","volume":"10 1","pages":"330 - 339"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42017930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Palmer ice core as a candidate Global boundary Stratotype Section and Point for the Anthropocene series","authors":"E. R. Thomas, D. Vladimirova, D. Tetzner, D. Emanuelsson, Jack D. Humby, S. Turner, N. Rose, S. Roberts, P. Gaca, A. Cundy","doi":"10.1177/20530196231155191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20530196231155191","url":null,"abstract":"The remote Antarctic continent, distant from human industrial activity, should be one of the last places on Earth to capture Anthropogenic change. Hence, stratigraphic evidence of pollution and nuclear activity in the Antarctic provides proof of the global nature of the Anthropocene epoch. We propose an Antarctic Peninsula ice core candidate for the Global boundary Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) to the onset of the Anthropocene. The Palmer ice core captures the first evidence of spheroidal carbonaceous fly ash particles (SCPs), resulting from high temperature combustion deposited in Antarctic ice. SCPs first appear in 1936 CE, preceding the rise in plutonium (239+240Pu) concentrations from 1945 CE onwards. GSSP 1952 CE occurs at a depth of 34.9 m, coincident with the peak in 239+240Pu the primary marker for this site.","PeriodicalId":74943,"journal":{"name":"The anthropocene review","volume":"10 1","pages":"251 - 268"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48875255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Abundance and absence: Human-microbial co-evolution in the Anthropocene","authors":"Aaron Bradshaw","doi":"10.1177/20530196231153925","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20530196231153925","url":null,"abstract":"Human-microbe relations have undergone a profound shift over the past 100 years. The discovery of antibiotics, increasing levels of pollution, and urban and agricultural intensification have led to the proliferation and diversification of novel resistance genes and microorganisms. This abundance has unfolded against a backdrop of microbial absence that is the other side of the antimicrobial coin; reductions in the quantity and diversity of human-microbe interactions are now registering as epidemics of chronic non-communicable diseases in urban populations. Building from this paradoxical situation of ‘abundance’ and ‘absence’, this article reviews the molecular-genetic, macroscale-infrastructural, and community-ecological aspects of microbial evolution at a time when human actions are a critical force in shaping their directions.","PeriodicalId":74943,"journal":{"name":"The anthropocene review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43123711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}