Thalamus & related systems最新文献

{"title":"Thalamus in flame: targeting of infectious agents to thalamic nuclei","authors":"Marina Bentivoglio ,&nbsp;Krister Kristensson","doi":"10.1016/j.tharel.2004.01.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tharel.2004.01.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>The involvement of the thalamus<span><span><span> in infectious diseases of the nervous system has been hitherto rather neglected by investigators in clinical and basic neuroscience, despite numerous reports indicating that the thalamus, and territories within this region, can be attacked by different types of microbes. This topic is here reviewed. First, an overview is provided on general principles of spread of microbes to the brain (through peripheral nerves, or through the blood or cerebrospinal fluid) and their interactions with neurons and immune cells to cause acute, transient or persistent infections. Examples are given on how non-cytolytic infections can cause long-lasting disturbances in synaptic activities and neuronal networks as a result of a “hit-and-run” mechanism, or as an effect of factors released in the </span>microenvironment to control the neuronal infection. Emerging data on how molecules functioning at the “immunological synapse” (the site of contact between immune cells and target infected cells) may affect nervous system synapses are pointed out. An account is then given of clinical and experimental infections of the thalamus caused by viruses (rabies and herpes viruses, </span>influenza A virus, flaviviruses, HIV virus), the parasite </span></span><span><em>Toxoplasma gondii</em></span>, and prions. The implications and consequences of the attack of these microbes to the thalamus are discussed. Of special interest is the potential persistence of latent infections in thalamic neurons, which could cause disturbances of neuronal functions in the absence of overt structural lesions. Altogether these data recall attention on the pathogenesis and consequences of acute and persistent infections in the mammalian thalamus.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":74923,"journal":{"name":"Thalamus & related systems","volume":"2 4","pages":"Pages 297-314"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.tharel.2004.01.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"137157131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An in vivo intracellular study of auditory thalamic neurons","authors":"Ying Xiong ,&nbsp;Yan-Qin Yu ,&nbsp;Kenji Fujimoto ,&nbsp;Ying-Shing Chan ,&nbsp;Jufang He","doi":"10.1016/S1472-9288(03)00023-2","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1472-9288(03)00023-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>The intrinsic electrophysiological properties of medial geniculate body<span> (MGB) neurons and their responses to noise bursts/pure tones were examined in the pentobarbital<span> anesthetized guinea pig through intracellular recording. Discharge rate was calculated in the absence of acoustic stimuli over varied membrane potentials which were changed by intracellular injection of current or through automatic drifting. The non-acoustically-driven firing rate was 45.8±23.3</span></span></span> <!-->Hz (mean±S.D., <em>n</em>=8) at membrane potentials of −45<!--> <!-->mV, 30.6±19.4<!--> <!-->Hz (<em>n</em>=14) at −50<!--> <!-->mV, 18.0±12.9<!--> <!-->Hz (<em>n</em>=14) at −55<!--> <!-->mV, and significantly decreased to 5.7±7.4<!--> <!-->Hz at −60<!--> <!-->mV, and to 0.7±1.5<!--> <!-->Hz (<em>n</em>=10) at −65<!--> <!-->mV (ANOVA, <em>P</em>&lt;0.001). The maximum non-acoustically-driven rate observed in the present study was 160<!--> <!-->Hz. The auditory responsiveness of the MGB neurons was examined at membrane potentials over a range of −45 to −75<!--> <!-->mV: the higher the membrane potential, the greater the responsiveness and vice versa. A putative non-low-threshold calcium spike (non-LTS) burst was observed in the present study. It showed significantly longer inter-spike intervals (11.6±6.0<!--> <!-->ms, <em>P</em>&lt;0.001, <em>t</em>-test) than those associated with the putative LTS bursts (6.7±2.4<!--> <!-->ms, <em>P</em>&lt;0.001, <em>t</em>-test). The dependence of the temporal structure of the spikes/spike bursts on the stimulus may provide insight into the temporal coding of sound information in the auditory system.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":74923,"journal":{"name":"Thalamus & related systems","volume":"2 3","pages":"Pages 253-260"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1472-9288(03)00023-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116961714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative physiological and serotoninergic properties of pulvinar neurons in the monkey, cat and ferret","authors":"James E. Monckton,&nbsp;David A. McCormick","doi":"10.1016/S1472-9288(03)00022-0","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1472-9288(03)00022-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>The basic electrophysiological properties and responses to serotonin of thalamocortical (TC) neurons in the ferret, cat, and monkey pulvinar were compared. Morphologically, thalamocortical neurons in these three species were similar, except for the presence of beaded dendrites in many monkey neurons. In all three species, the neurons exhibited two distinct firing modes: single spike activity and low threshold Ca</span>²⁺-spike mediated bursting. However, in monkeys, the low threshold Ca²⁺ spikes were followed by a prominent 50–100<!--> <span>ms afterhyperpolarization that could result in the generation of an additional rebound Ca</span>²⁺<span> spike. The application of 5-HT to thalamocortical neurons in cat and monkey pulvinar resulted in a depolarization and an increase in membrane conductance through an enhancement of the hyperpolarization-activated cation current, </span><em>I</em>_h, apparently through the activation of 5-HT₇<span><span> receptors. In contrast, the application of serotonin to ferret pulvinar neurons resulted in a prominent hyperpolarization, owing to an increase in membrane potassium conductance. In monkey and ferret, application of serotonin could result in barrages of </span>IPSPs in thalamocortical neurons. These results indicate that there are significant species-dependent differences in both the electrophysiological and pharmacological properties of pulvinar thalamocortical neurons.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":74923,"journal":{"name":"Thalamus & related systems","volume":"2 3","pages":"Pages 239-252"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1472-9288(03)00022-0","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121313358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ascending inputs to the pre-supplementary motor area in the macaque monkey: cerebello- and pallido-thalamocortical projections","authors":"Sharleen T Sakai ,&nbsp;Iwona Stepniewska ,&nbsp;Huixin Qi ,&nbsp;Jon H Kaas","doi":"10.1016/S1472-9288(03)00018-9","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1472-9288(03)00018-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>The goal of the present study was to determine the ascending sources to the pre-supplementary motor area (pre-SMA) in macaque monkeys using multiple labeling techniques. We labeled the pallidothalamic projections using biotinylated dextran<span> amine (BDA) and the cerebellothalamic projections using wheatgerm agglutinin conjugated to </span></span>horseradish peroxidase<span><span>. The pre-SMA thalamocortical projections neurons were also labeled using cholera toxin subunit b following identification of the pre-SMA by location, and by movements evoked by intracortical </span>microstimulation<span>. The extent of pre-SMA was later confirmed by identifying characteristics from Nissl cytoarchitecture and SMI-32 </span></span></span>immunoreactivity<span>. Thalamic nuclear boundaries were based on Nissl cytoarchitecture, acetylcholinesterase<span><span> chemoarchitecture and Cat-301 immunoreactivity. Cerebellothalamic afferents were distributed predominantly to ventral lateral posterior nucleus (VLp), including medial and dorsal VLp, while the pallidothalamic afferents projected more rostrally to ventral lateral anterior nucleus (VLa) and ventral anterior nucleus (VA). The pre-SMA thalamocortical projection neurons were primarily found in VA and medial VLp. However, scattered cells were also found in VLa, dorsal VLp, central lateral nucleus (CL) and mediodorsal nucleus (MD). Scattered pre-SMA projecting cells overlapped foci of cerebellar label in medial VLp. Additionally, limited overlap of pre-SMA cells and pallidothalamic labeling was found in caudal VA. These findings suggest that the pre-SMA is uniquely positioned to integrate ascending </span>basal ganglia and cerebellar information after a relay from VA and medial VLp. These anatomical findings are consistent with the recent hypothesis that the pre-SMA acts as the coordinator of visual and motor loops in motor learning [J. Cogn. Neurosci. 13 (2001) 626].</span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":74923,"journal":{"name":"Thalamus & related systems","volume":"2 3","pages":"Pages 175-187"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1472-9288(03)00018-9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124199441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The dual pattern of corticothalamic projection of the premotor cortex in macaque monkeys","authors":"Eric M. Rouiller ,&nbsp;Thierry Wannier ,&nbsp;Anne Morel","doi":"10.1016/S1472-9288(03)00019-0","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1472-9288(03)00019-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span><span>The terminals formed by the corticothalamic axons are of two types, small and giant endings. This dual mode of corticothalamic projection has been found to be consistent across species (mouse, rat, cat, monkey) and across systems (visual, auditory, somatosensory and motor). In the monkey, this dual mode of projection has been demonstrated for the motor system in the case of the primary motor cortical area, the supplementary motor area and the caudal part of the dorsal </span>premotor cortex. Based on biotinylated </span>dextran amine </span>anterograde tracing<span> experiments, a similar dual mode of termination morphology was found here for corticothalamic axons originating from the other three distinct sub-divisions of the premotor cortex. Furthermore, the pattern of arrangement of giant endings originating from the premotor cortex was found to be similar to that from the supplementary motor area but different to that from the primary motor cortex.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":74923,"journal":{"name":"Thalamus & related systems","volume":"2 3","pages":"Pages 189-197"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1472-9288(03)00019-0","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125283140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neural basis of alertness and cognitive performance impairments during sleepiness","authors":"Maria L. Thomas ,&nbsp;Helen C. Sing ,&nbsp;Gregory Belenky ,&nbsp;Henry H. Holcomb ,&nbsp;Helen S. Mayberg ,&nbsp;Robert F. Dannals ,&nbsp;Henry N. Wagner Jr. ,&nbsp;David R. Thorne ,&nbsp;Kathryn A. Popp ,&nbsp;Laura M. Rowland ,&nbsp;Amy B. Welsh ,&nbsp;Sharon M. Balwinski ,&nbsp;Daniel P. Redmond","doi":"10.1016/S1472-9288(03)00020-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S1472-9288(03)00020-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>Sleep deprivation impairs alertness and cognitive performance, and these deficits suggest decreases in brain activity and function, particularly in the prefrontal cortex, a region subserving alertness, attention, and higher-order cognitive processes and in the </span>thalamus<span>, a subcortical structure involved in alertness and attention. To substantiate this premise, we characterized the effects of 24, 48, and 72</span></span> <span>h of progressive sleep deprivation on brain activity by assessing regional cerebral metabolic rate for glucose (CMRglu) during complex cognitive task performance in 17 young, normal, healthy male volunteers using positron emission tomography (PET) and </span><span><math><msup><mi></mi><mn>18</mn></msup><mtext>Fluoro</mtext></math></span>-2-deoxyglucose (<span><math><msup><mi></mi><mn>18</mn></msup><mtext>FDG</mtext></math></span>). The results of prolonged sleep deprivation, 48 and 72<!--> <!-->h, are reported here. Compared to rested baseline (RB), global CMRglu decreased by 6% at 48 and 72<!--> <!-->h sleep deprivation (SD) and approximated the 8% decrease seen at 24<!--> <!-->h SD. Absolute and relative regional CMRglu decreased at 48 and 72<!--> <!-->h SD primarily in the prefrontal and parietal cortices and in the thalamus, the same areas that showed decreases at 24<!--> <!-->h SD. Compared to 24<!--> <!-->h SD, relative regional CMRglu decreased further in the prefrontal cortex and dorsal thalamus at 48 and 72<!--> <!-->h, and at 72<!--> <span><span><span>h SD in a limited area of medial visual cortex<span>. Relative regional CMRglu increased in lateral superior occipital cortices, lingual and </span></span>fusiform gyri<span>, anterior cerebellum, and in primary and supplementary </span></span>motor cortices at 48 and 72</span> <!-->h SD, indicating a rebound CMRglu activity response from 24<!--> <!-->h SD. Polysomnographic monitoring confirmed that subjects were awake. Behavioral outcomes showed continuing decreases in alertness, cognitive performance, and saccadic velocity (a measure of oculomotor response) with prolonged sleep deprivation. Progressive decreases in relative CMRglu values in prefrontal, thalamic, and primary visual areas were correlated positively with the impairments in cognitive performance and saccadic velocity across the 72<!--> <!-->h sleep deprivation period. Relative thalamic activity was also correlated with the alterations in alertness. The prefrontal and thalamic regions were positively correlated, suggesting that sleep deprivation impacted these areas together as a functional network.</p><p>We propose that the decreases in CMRglu induced in the prefrontal-thalamic network by prolonged sleep deprivation underlie the decline in alertness and cognitive performance and signify the brain’s involuntary progression toward sleep onset, while the increases in visual and motor areas express the brain’s exertion of voluntary control to remain awake and perform. This ex","PeriodicalId":74923,"journal":{"name":"Thalamus & related systems","volume":"2 3","pages":"Pages 199-229"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1472-9288(03)00020-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"137312818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thalamic theta field potentials and EEG: high thalamocortical coherence in patients with neurogenic pain, epilepsy and movement disorders","authors":"J Sarnthein,&nbsp;A Morel,&nbsp;A von Stein ,&nbsp;D Jeanmonod","doi":"10.1016/S1472-9288(03)00021-9","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1472-9288(03)00021-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>We simultaneously recorded local field potentials<span> (LFP) in the thalamus and EEG on the scalp of 17 patients suffering from neurogenic pain, epilepsy and movement disorders. The EEG of 11 patients displayed enhanced power in the theta frequency range (4–8</span></span> <!-->Hz). The thalamic LFP of 14 patients peaked in the theta range. The theta coherence between EEG and LFP was significant for 12 patients and reached strengths up to 70%. These findings suggest that enhanced theta rhythmicity occurs in tight functional thalamocortical loops and is a major element in all three diseases investigated.</p><p>To investigate second-order phase-coupling between LFP frequency components, we computed the bicoherence and averaged over the group of patients. We found peaks in the theta band and the beta band (14–30<!--> <span><span>Hz), indicating phase correlations of oscillatory events in these frequency ranges with their first harmonic. A further peak indicates that phase coupling occurred also between theta and beta frequencies. This indicates a strong functional interaction between the generators of these oscillations. We also computed the cross-correlation between LFP spectral power at different frequencies. Although this measure is independent of phase, we found good agreement with the bicoherence patterns, pointing again to strong interaction between theta and beta rhythmicity. The overproduction of theta rhythms, the thalamocortical coherence and the correlation of theta with </span>beta rhythms<span> are key elements for the understanding of thalamocortical dysrhythmia (TCD).</span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":74923,"journal":{"name":"Thalamus & related systems","volume":"2 3","pages":"Pages 231-238"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1472-9288(03)00021-9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126180467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anterior thalamic unit discharge profiles and coherence with hippocampal theta rhythm","authors":"Zimbul Albo ,&nbsp;Gonzalo Viana Di Prisco ,&nbsp;Robert P. Vertes","doi":"10.1016/S1472-9288(03)00006-2","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1472-9288(03)00006-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The anterior thalamus (ATh) is a key structure of the limbic system and serves a direct role in spatial memory. We examined the discharge properties of neurons of the anterior thalamus during states of the hippocampal electroencephalogram (theta and non-theta states). Units were recorded in the anteroventral (AV, <em>n</em>=96), the anterodorsal (AD, <em>n</em>=44) and the anteromedial (AM, <em>n</em>=48) nuclei of the thalamus. The majority of theta-related cells fired at higher rates in the presence than absence of theta (theta-on cells); while a small percentage (∼13%) discharge at reduced rates with theta (theta-off cells). Theta-off cells were found in AD and AM but not in AV. Mean discharge rates for theta-on cells during control and theta conditions were 6.0±0.52 and 14.48±0.96<!--> <!-->Hz for AV cells; 4.43±1.25 and 10.05±1.28<!--> <!-->Hz for AD cells, and 2.60±0.3 and 6.42±0.9<!--> <span>Hz for AM cells. Approximately 40% of AV cells, 21.9% of AD units, and 5.7% of AM cells discharged rhythmically, synchronous with the theta rhythm. A subpopulation of ATh cells fired slightly rhythmicity, but with activity strongly phase-locked to EEG oscillations in the crosscorrelogram, indicating a modulation at theta frequency. Cells were classified as: rhythmic (</span><em>R</em>), non-rhythmic (<em>N</em>), and intermediate (<em>I</em>) based on quantitative criteria. About 75% of theta-on cells (i.e. <em>R</em> and <em>I</em> cells) showed significant coherence with theta. These cells were distributed throughout the extent of the anterior thalamus. The present findings of theta rhythmic cells in the anterior thalamus, together with previous demonstrations of ‘theta’ cells in other structures of Papez’s circuit, suggests that a theta rhythmic signal may reverberate throughout the circuit, possibly involved in memory processing functions of this limbic network.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":74923,"journal":{"name":"Thalamus & related systems","volume":"2 2","pages":"Pages 133-144"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1472-9288(03)00006-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126919498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Natural logarithmic relationship between brain oscillators","authors":"Markku Penttonen ,&nbsp;György Buzsáki","doi":"10.1016/S1472-9288(03)00007-4","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1472-9288(03)00007-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Behaviorally relevant brain oscillations relate to each other in a specific manner to allow neuronal networks of different sizes with wide variety of connections to cooperate in a coordinated manner. For example, thalamo-cortical and hippocampal oscillations form numerous frequency bands, which follow a general rule. Specifically, the center frequencies and frequency ranges of oscillation bands with successively faster frequencies, from ultra-slow to ultra-fast frequency oscillations, form an arithmetic progression on the natural logarithmic scale. Due to mathematical properties of natural logarithm, the cycle lengths (periods) of oscillations, as an inverse of frequency, also form an arithmetic progression after natural logarithmic transformation. As a general rule, the neuronal excitability is larger during a certain phase of the oscillation period. Because the intervals between these activation phases and the temporal window of activation vary in proportion to the length of the oscillation period, lower frequency oscillations allow for an integration of neuronal effects with longer delays and larger variability in delays and larger areas of involvement. Neural representations based on these oscillations could therefore be complex. In contrast, </span>high frequency oscillation bands allow for a more precise and spatially limited representation of information by incorporating synaptic events from closely located regions with short synaptic delays and limited variability. The large family of oscillation frequency bands with a constant relation may serve to overcome the information processing limitations imposed by the synaptic delays.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":74923,"journal":{"name":"Thalamus & related systems","volume":"2 2","pages":"Pages 145-152"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1472-9288(03)00007-4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126469563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neuropsychiatric thalamocortical dysrhythmia: surgical implications","authors":"D. Jeanmonod ,&nbsp;J. Schulman ,&nbsp;R. Ramirez ,&nbsp;R. Cancro ,&nbsp;M. Lanz ,&nbsp;A. Morel ,&nbsp;M. Magnin ,&nbsp;M. Siegemund ,&nbsp;E. Kronberg ,&nbsp;U. Ribary ,&nbsp;R. Llinas","doi":"10.1016/S1472-9288(03)00010-4","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1472-9288(03)00010-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>Neuropsychiatric surgery has had a long and complex history with examples of less than optimal surgical procedures implemented in wrong settings. Such past errors have raised important philosophical and ethical issues that remain with us for good reasons. However, the existence of enormous suffering due to chronic therapy-resistant disabling neuropsychiatric disorders compels a search for alternative surgical approaches based on a sound understanding of the underlying physiopathological mechanisms. We bring evidence, from single cell physiology and magnetoencephalography, for the existence of a set of neuropsychiatric disorders characterized by localized and protracted low frequency spontaneous recurrent activation of the thalamocortical system. This condition, labeled </span>thalamocortical dysrhythmia, underlies certain chronic psychotic, affective, obsessive compulsive, anxiety and impulse control disorders. Considering the central role of recurrent oscillatory thalamocortical properties in the generation of normal hemispheric functions, we propose a surgical approach that provides a reestablishment of normal thalamocortical oscillations without reduction of cortical tissue and its specific thalamic connectivity. It consists of small strategically placed pallidal and medial thalamic lesions that serve to make subcritical the increased low frequency thalamocortical recurrent network activity. This result is attained via reduction of both thalamic overinhibition and low frequency oversynchronization. Thalamic disinhibition is obtained by a lesion in the anterior medial paralimbic </span>pallidum. The medial thalamic lesion is localized in the posterior part of the central lateral nucleus, where a large majority of cells have been shown to be locked in low frequency production and to have lost their normal activation patterns. We present here our experience with 11 patients, including clinical follow ups and pre- and postsurgical magnetoencephalographic studies. The evidence speaks (1) for a benign and efficient surgical approach, and (2) for the relevance of the patient’s presurgical cognitive and social settings, making them more or less prone to postoperative psychoreactive manifestations upon rekindling of personal goals and social reentry.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":74923,"journal":{"name":"Thalamus & related systems","volume":"2 2","pages":"Pages 103-113"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1472-9288(03)00010-4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117047482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}