Advances in Urology最新文献

{"title":"Prevalence of Age-Associated Testosterone Deficiency Syndrome in Indian Population.","authors":"Ghanendra Kumar Yadav,&nbsp;Mrinal Pahwa,&nbsp;Mahendra Singh,&nbsp;Vipin Tyagi,&nbsp;Sudhir Chadha","doi":"10.1155/2019/2468926","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/2468926","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Testosterone deficiency syndrome (TDS) is a gradual age-related phenomenon that occurs in a large proportion of the aging male population. This current prospective study was done with the objective to estimate the prevalence of age-associated TDS in India and its clinical profile. A total of 800 male patients aged ≥40 year were approached to participate in the study. A brief history and focused examination was done. Based on our exclusion criteria, 55 patients were excluded. Androgen deficiency in aging male (ADAM) questionnaire was administered to all remaining 745 patients. Out of these 745 patients, ADAM-positive (symptomatic TDS) patients were found to be 359 and enrolled in the study. In all ADAM-positive patients, serum testosterone levels were measured. Prevalence of symptomatic TDS in study population was found to be 48.18%. Mean total and free testosterone level of symptomatic TDS population were 3.287 ± 1.494 ng/ml (1.12-9.61) and 7.476 ± 2.902 pg/ml (2.18-21.76), respectively. Prevalence of biochemically confirmed TDS among symptomatic TDS population was 60.17%. Prevalence of TDS increases progressively with each decade of life (<i>p</i>=0.034). Prevalence was higher in patients with diabetes, hypertension, coronary artery disease, obesity, and metabolic syndrome. TDS is a real phenomenon with a prevalence of 28.99% in our study population.</p>","PeriodicalId":7490,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Urology","volume":"2019 ","pages":"2468926"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2019-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2019/2468926","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37178790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel Use of Household Items in Open and Robotic Surgical Skills Resident Education.","authors":"Keri Rowley,&nbsp;Deepak Pruthi,&nbsp;Osamah Al-Bayati,&nbsp;Joseph Basler,&nbsp;Michael A Liss","doi":"10.1155/2019/5794957","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/5794957","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of surgical simulators created using household items and to determine their potential role in surgical skills training.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Ten urology residents attended a surgical skills workshop and practiced using surgical simulators and models. These included a wound closure model, an open prostatectomy model, a delicate tissue simulation, a knot-tying station, and a laparoscopic simulator. After the workshop, the residents completed a 5-point Likert questionnaire. Primary outcome was face validity of the models. Secondary outcomes included usefulness as a training tool and ability to replicate the models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All models were easily created and successfully represented the surgical task being simulated. Residents evaluated the activities as being useful for training purposes overall. They also felt confident that they could recreate the simulators.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Low-fidelity training models can be used to improve surgical skills at a reasonable cost. The models will require further evaluation to determine construct validity and to determine how the improvements translate to OR performance. While high-fidelity simulators may continue to be utilized in formal surgical training, residents should be encouraged to supplement their training with innovative homemade models.</p>","PeriodicalId":7490,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Urology","volume":"2019 ","pages":"5794957"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2019-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2019/5794957","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37133909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correlation of Renal Scarring to Urinary Tract Infections and Vesicoureteral Reflux in Children","authors":"H. Aboutaleb, T. Abouelgreed, Hala El-Hagrasi, Diaa Bakry Eldib, M. Abdelaal, M. A. El Gohary","doi":"10.1155/2022/9697931","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/9697931","url":null,"abstract":"Objective To study the association of the grade of vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) and urinary tract infections (UTI) with renal scarring at the first clinical presentation of patients who underwent antireflux surgery. Materials and methods. Between 2015 and 2020, 150 patients (194 units) who underwent antireflux surgery had dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) renal scans preoperatively. Patients were classified into the nonscar and scar groups according to DMSA scan results. Moreover, cases were classified into afebrile UTI, febrile UTI, and antenatal hydronephrosis (ANH) according to the mode of presentation. We correlated the mode of presentation and the grade of VUR to the presence/absence of renal scars in both groups. Results The mean follow-up was 45 months preoperatively. The mode of presentation was afebrile, febrile UTIs, and antenatal hydronephrosis in (50, 14), (20, 46), and (10, 10) patients in the nonscar and scar groups, respectively. Of the 20 patients who presented ANH, 10 (50%) had scars. Clinical presentation was correlated to the presence of renal scarring and its degree. The scar group had significantly higher grades of VUR than the nonscar group (grades I–II (50 units versus 10 units), grade III (28 units versus 40 units), and grade IV–V (22 units versus 44 units) for the nonscar versus scar groups, respectively (pvalue <0.001). Conclusion Renal scarring is associated with higher grades of reflux and urinary tract infections. We advocate further research investigating infants who had UTIs with or without fever for early detection of reflux.","PeriodicalId":7490,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Urology","volume":"2022 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41931301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Chlamydia trachomatis</i> Growth and Cytokine mRNA Response in a Prostate Cancer Cell Line.","authors":"Ivan M Petyaev,&nbsp;Naylia A Zigangirova,&nbsp;Elena Y Morgunova,&nbsp;Nigel H Kyle,&nbsp;Elena D Fedina,&nbsp;Yuriy K Bashmakov","doi":"10.1155/2019/6287057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/6287057","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the present paper, we report that <i>C. trachomatis</i> can be efficiently propagated and affect mRNA expression for two major cytokines, relevant to tumor progression, in CWR-R1 cells, a malignant prostate cell line. CWR-R1 and McCoy cells, a classic cell line for chlamydial research, were grown and infected with <i>C. trachomatis</i> under similar conditions. Cell monolayers were harvested for RNA analysis and immunostaining with major outer membrane protein (MOMP) antibody at 24, 48, and 72 hours of the postinfection (hpi) period. It was shown that the infectious cycle of chlamydial pathogen in CWR-R1 cells resembles the progression of <i>C. trachomatis</i> infection in McCoy cells but with a few important differences. First of all, the initial stage of <i>C. trachomatis</i> propagation in CWR-R1 cells (24 hpi) was characterized by larger inclusion bodies and more intense, specific immunofluorescent staining of infected cells as compared with McCoy cells. Moreover, there was a corresponding increase in infective progeny formation in CWR-R1 cells along with mRNA for EUO, a crucial gene controlling the early phase of the chlamydial development cycle (24 hpi). These changes were more minimal and became statistically insignificant at a later time point in the infectious cycle (48 hpi). Altogether, these data suggest that the early phase of <i>C. trachomatis</i> infection in CWR-R1 cells is accompanied by more efficient propagation of the pathogen as compared with the growth of <i>C. trachomatis</i> in McCoy cells. Furthermore, propagation of <i>C. trachomatis</i> in CWR-R1 cells leads to enhanced transcription of interleukin-6 and fibroblast growth factor-2, genes encoding two important proinflammatory cytokines implicated in the molecular mechanisms of chemoresistance of prostate cancer and its ability to metastasize. The possible roles of reactive oxygen species and impaired mitochondrial oxidation in the prostate cancer cell line are discussed as factors promoting the early stages of <i>C. trachomatis</i> growth in CWR-R1 cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":7490,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Urology","volume":"2019 ","pages":"6287057"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2019-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2019/6287057","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36995002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Current Role of Osteoclast Inhibitors in Patients with Prostate Cancer.","authors":"Diomidis Kozyrakis,&nbsp;Dionyssios Paridis,&nbsp;Stefanos Perikleous,&nbsp;Konstantinos Malizos,&nbsp;Anastasios Zarkadas,&nbsp;Antonios Tsagkalis","doi":"10.1155/2018/1525832","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/1525832","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most frequently diagnosed malignancies worldwide. Hormonal deprivation therapy is a well-established treatment for locally advanced or metastatic diseases but exposes patients to the risk of osteoporosis and fragility fractures. Furthermore, the tropism of the PCa cells to osseous metastases increases the incidence of skeletal-related events (SREs).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A nonsystematic review of the international literature was performed in respect to the use of osteoclast inhibitors zoledronic acid (ZA) and denosumab (DEN) in PCa patients.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>DEN and ZA have proved their efficacy in preventing osteoporosis and bone mass loss in patients treated with hormonal therapy with no proven superiority of one agent over the other. However, the effectiveness in reducing fragility fractures has been proved only for DEN so far. In metastatic-free castrate-sensitive high-risk PCa patients, ZA has not shown any efficacy in preventing osseous metastasis, and evidence is lacking in favor or against the use of DEN. The use of osteoclasts inhibitors had no evident positive effect in overall and disease-specific survival in this group of patients. In advanced castrate-refractory malignancy, DEN has shown clinical superiority over ZA in preventing new SRE but not in overall survival.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Superiority of DEN over ZA has been proved only in advanced castrate refractory disease in terms of preventing new SRE. In the rest of the cases, the selection of either agent should be based on the clinical condition of each patient and the cost of the treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":7490,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Urology","volume":"2018 ","pages":"1525832"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2018-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2018/1525832","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36901285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of Oxidative Effects of Two Different Administration Form of Oxybutynin in the Potential Target Tissues.","authors":"Kaan Kaltalioglu, Fatmanur Tugcu-Demiroz, Fusun Acarturk, Barbaros Balabanli, Sule Coskun-Cevher","doi":"10.1155/2018/8124325","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2018/8124325","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Oxybutynin is an important anticholinergic agent that prevents uncontrolled contractions in the treatment of overactive bladder (OAB). However, drugs containing oxybutynin have significant side effects such as dry eyes, dry mouth, increased heart rate, constipation, blurred vision, and confusion. In recent years, new delivery methods for this agent are being searched. One of them is vaginal delivery. In this study, we aimed to compare the effects of oxybutynin on oxidative parameters in the potential target tissues of the oral and vaginal delivery. Female New Zealand white rabbits (<i>n</i>=12) were divided into two groups: oral delivery and vaginal delivery. The animals were sacrificed 48 h after administration and nitric oxide (NOx), thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARs), and glutathione (GSH) levels were determined spectrophotometrically in the aorta, salivary gland, and small intestine tissue samples. Vaginal delivery significantly decreased NOx levels in all tissue samples as compared to oral delivery (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Moreover, it reduced TBARs levels in salivary gland and aorta tissue samples (<i>p</i> < 0.05). In the light on these findings, it can be said that vaginal delivery may decrease the oxidant-induced side effects of oxybutynin as compared to oral delivery.</p>","PeriodicalId":7490,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Urology","volume":"2018 ","pages":"8124325"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2018-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6323524/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36890385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alexis Wound Retractor for Radical Cystectomy: A Safe and Effective Method for Retraction.","authors":"Ajaydeep S Sidhu,&nbsp;Eric Marten,&nbsp;Nikita Bodoukhin,&nbsp;George Wayne,&nbsp;Elizabeth Nagoda,&nbsp;Akshay Bhandari,&nbsp;Alan M Nieder","doi":"10.1155/2018/8727301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/8727301","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Surgical site infection rates remain a common postoperative problem that continues to affect patients undergoing urologic surgery. Our study seeks to evaluate the difference in surgical site infection rates in patients undergoing open radical cystectomy when comparing the Bookwalter vs. the Alexis wound retractors. After institutional review board approval, we performed a retrospective chart review from February 2010 through August 2017 of patients undergoing open radical cystectomy with urinary diversion for bladder cancer. We then stratified the groups according to whether or not the surgery was performed with the Alexis or standard Bookwalter retractor. Baseline characteristics and operative outcomes were then compared between the two groups, with the main measure being incidence of surgical site infection as defined by the CDC. We evaluated those presenting with surgical site infections within or greater than 30 postoperatively. Of 237 patients who underwent radical cystectomy with either the Alexis or Bookwalter retractor, 168 patients were eligible to be included in our analysis. There was no statistical difference noted regarding surgical site infections (SSIs) between the two groups; however, the trend was in favor of the Alexis (3%) vs. the Bookwalter (11%) at less than 30 days surgery. The Alexis wound retractor likely poses an advantage in reducing the incidence in surgical site infections in patients undergoing radical cystectomy; however, multicenter studies with larger sample sizes are suggested for further elucidation.</p>","PeriodicalId":7490,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Urology","volume":"2018 ","pages":"8727301"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2018-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2018/8727301","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36893821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quality of Health Information on the Internet for Prostate Cancer.","authors":"Dwayne T S Chang,&nbsp;Robert Abouassaly,&nbsp;Nathan Lawrentschuk","doi":"10.1155/2018/6705152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/6705152","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>To compare (1) the quality of prostate cancer health information on the Internet, (2) the difference in quality between websites appearing earlier or later in the search, and (3) the sources of sponsorship for each of these websites.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The top 150 listed websites on the Google search engine for each of the 11 search terms related to prostate cancer were analysed. Quality was assessed on whether the website conforms to the principles of the Health On the Net Foundation. Each of these websites was then reviewed to determine the main source of sponsorship. Statistical analysis was performed to determine if the proportion of HON accreditation varied among the different cohorts of listed websites and among the 11 search terms used.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 1650 websites were analysed. Among these, 10.5% websites were HON-accredited. The proportion of HON-accredited websites for individual search terms ranged from 3.3% to 19.3%. In comparison with the search term of \"Prostate cancer,\" four search terms had statistically significant odds ratio of the rate of HON accreditation. Websites 51-150 were statistically less likely to have HON accreditation than websites 1-50. The top three website sponsors were journal/universities (28.8%), commercial (28.1%), and physician/surgeon (26.9%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The lack of validated and unbiased websites for prostate cancer is concerning especially with increasing use of the Internet for health information. Websites sponsored or managed by the government and national departments were most likely to provide impartial health information for prostate cancer. We need to help our patients identify valid and unbiased online health resources.</p>","PeriodicalId":7490,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Urology","volume":"2018 ","pages":"6705152"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2018-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2018/6705152","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36839317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Outcomes from the Introduction of a Combined Urology Outpatient Clinic.","authors":"Clíodhna Browne,&nbsp;Catherine M Dowling,&nbsp;Patrick O'Malley,&nbsp;Nadeem Nusrat,&nbsp;Kilian Walsh,&nbsp;Syed Jaffry,&nbsp;Eamonn Rogers,&nbsp;Garrett C Durkan,&nbsp;Frank T D'Arcy","doi":"10.1155/2018/9738548","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/9738548","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>A combined urology clinic staffed by four consultants and four non-consultant hospital doctors (NCHDs) was introduced in our institution in October 2015. This clinic is supported by a pre-clinic radiology meeting and a synchronous urology clinical nurse specialist (CNS) clinic with protected uroflow/trial of void slots. Herein, we report on the outcomes of this clinic in comparison with the standard format of urology outpatient review.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We carried out a retrospective review of clinic attendances from May to July 2016. We recorded the number of new and return attendances, which team members had reviewed the patient and patient outcomes. We also calculated the waiting times for new patients to be reviewed in the outpatient clinic.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The combined urology clinic reviewed an average of 12 new and 46 return patients per clinic. The standard urology clinic reviewed an average of 8 new and 23 return patients per clinic. 54% of patients were seen by a consultant in the combined urology clinic, and 20% of patients were seen by a consultant in the standard urology clinic. The rate of patient discharge for new patients was 14.8% in the combined clinic compared to 5.9% in the standard clinic. Overall patient outcomes are outlined in the table. The waiting time for review of new patients in the combined clinic was reduced by 39% from 144 days to 89 days over a one-year period.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The introduction of a combined urology outpatient clinic with the support of pre-clinic radiology meeting and synchronous urology CNS clinic facilitates patient discharge.</p>","PeriodicalId":7490,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Urology","volume":"2018 ","pages":"9738548"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2018-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2018/9738548","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36893822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Benefits of Using a Small Caliber Ureteroscope in Evaluation and Management of Urethral Stricture.","authors":"Walid Shahrour,&nbsp;Pankaj Joshi,&nbsp;Craig B Hunter,&nbsp;Vikram S Batra,&nbsp;Hazem Elmansy,&nbsp;Sandesh Surana,&nbsp;Sanjay Kulkarni","doi":"10.1155/2018/9137892","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/9137892","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Introduction and objective: &lt;/strong&gt;The proper evaluation of urethral strictures is an essential part of the surgical planning in urethral reconstruction. The proper evaluation of the stricture can be challenging in certain situations, especially when the meatus is involved. We propose that the use of a small caliber ureteroscope (4.5 Fr and 6.5 Fr) can offer additional help and use for the surgical planning in urethroplasty.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;We prospectively collected data on 76 patients who underwent urethroplasties in Kulkarni Reconstructive Urology Center, Pune, India and Thunder Bay Regional Health Sciences Center, Thunder Bay, Canada. Patients had retrograde and micturition urethrograms performed preoperatively. The stricture was assessed visually using a 6.5 Fr ureteroscope. If the stricture was smaller than 6.5 Fr, we attempted using the 4.5 Fr ureteroscope. In nonobliterated strictures, we attempted bypassing the stricture making sure not to dilate the stricture. A glide wire would be passed to the bladder under vision. Stricture length, tissue quality, presence of other proximal strictures, false passages, and bladder tumors or stones would be assessed visually. If the penile stricture was near obliterative (smaller than 4.5 Fr caliber), a two-staged procedure is elected to be performed. For proximal bulbar strictures, if the urethral caliber is less than 4.5 Fr and the stricture length is less than 1 cm, we perform a nontransecting anastomotic urethroplasty (NTAU). If the stricture length is &gt;1 cm, we perform a double-face augmented urethroplasty (DFAU). If the urethral caliber is &gt;4.5 Fr and particularly those who are sexually active, ventral inlay with buccal mucosal grafts (BMGs) is performed. In mid to distal bulbar strictures, if the urethral caliber is &gt;4.5 Fr, our procedure of choice is dorsal onlay with BMG. For those with urethral caliber &lt;4.5 Fr and a stricture less than 1 cm, we perform a NTAU. For strictures longer than 1 cm, we perform a DFAU. With the exception of trauma, we very rarely transect the urethra. For panurethral strictures, we almost exclusively perform Kulkarni one-sided dissection.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Urethroscopy was performed in 76 patients who presented for urethroplasty from July 2014 to September 2014 (in Pune) and between April 2016 and September 2017 (in Thunder Bay). Bypassing the stricture was achieved in 68 patients (89%) while it was unsuccessful in 8 patients (11%). In all unsuccessful urethroscopies, the stricture was near obliterative &lt;4.5 Fr. Our surgical planning changed in (13) 17% of the cases. Out of 43 bulbar strictures, the decision was changed in (9) 21% where we performed 4 DFAU, 3 AAU (augmented anastomotic urethroplasty), and 2 EAU (end anastomotic urethroplasty). In 13 penile strictures, we opted for staged urethroplasty including 3 Johansons and 1 first-stage Asopa in 30.7%. In 20 panurethral urethroplasties, 1 patient (5%) had a urethral ston","PeriodicalId":7490,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Urology","volume":"2018 ","pages":"9137892"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2018-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2018/9137892","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36814088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}