Advances in Urology最新文献_第10页

Retroperitoneal Lymph Node Dissection as Primary Treatment for Metastatic Seminoma. 腹膜后淋巴结清扫作为转移性精原细胞瘤的主要治疗方法。

IF 1.4

Advances in Urology Pub Date : 2018-02-01 eCollection Date: 2018-01-01 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7978958

Brian Hu, Siamak Daneshmand

引用次数: 18

Adolescent and Young Adult Testicular Germ Cell Tumors: Special Considerations. 青少年和青年睾丸生殖细胞肿瘤:特殊考虑。

IF 1.4

Advances in Urology Pub Date : 2018-01-31 eCollection Date: 2018-01-01 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2375176

Amanda F Saltzman, Nicholas G Cost

{"title":"Adolescent and Young Adult Testicular Germ Cell Tumors: Special Considerations.","authors":"Amanda F Saltzman, Nicholas G Cost","doi":"10.1155/2018/2375176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/2375176","url":null,"abstract":"While testicular germ cell tumors (T-GCTs) make up only 0.5% of pediatric malignancies and less than 2% of adult malignancies, they comprise 14% of adolescent malignancies, making it the most common solid tumor in this age group. The transition in incidence at this age is also accompanied by a transition in tumor histology with adolescents having mostly pure embryonal carcinoma and mixed nonseminomatous germ cell tumors. Similar to T-GCTs of all ages, surgical excision with orchiectomy is the standard initial step in treatment. Chemotherapy, retroperitoneal lymph node dissection, and targeted treatment of distant metastases make even widely disseminated disease treatable and curable. For this reason, in many ways, the future focus has expanded beyond survival alone to emphasize quality of life issues such as fertility and hypogonadism. However, adolescents remain the age group least studied or understood as they fall in between the ages included in most study designs. Also, they require the most psychosocial support because of the challenges unique to the adolescent period. In this review, we aim to highlight the known outcome data for T-GCTs in this population and also to discuss the unique aspects of treatment and support for this age group.","PeriodicalId":7490,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Urology","volume":"2018 ","pages":"2375176"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2018-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2018/2375176","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36016365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 16

Spermatozoal Fractalkine Signaling Pathway Is Upregulated in Subclinical Varicocele Patients with Normal Seminogram and Low-Level Leucospermia. 精原图正常和低水平精原症的亚临床精索静脉曲张患者精子Fractalkine信号通路上调

IF 1.4

Advances in Urology Pub Date : 2017-12-21 eCollection Date: 2017-01-01 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5674237

Salwa M Abo El-Khair, Mohammad A Gaballah, Mamdouh M Abdel-Gawad, Sherif Refaat M Ismail, Ayman Z Elsamanoudy

{"title":"Spermatozoal Fractalkine Signaling Pathway Is Upregulated in Subclinical Varicocele Patients with Normal Seminogram and Low-Level Leucospermia.","authors":"Salwa M Abo El-Khair, Mohammad A Gaballah, Mamdouh M Abdel-Gawad, Sherif Refaat M Ismail, Ayman Z Elsamanoudy","doi":"10.1155/2017/5674237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/5674237","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Fractalkine is produced in seminal plasma in small amounts and correlates with sperm motility.Purpose: To investigate the possible effect of low-level leucospermia on spermatozoa oxidative stress and sDNA fragmentation in patients with subclinical varicocele and apparently normal seminogram, and also to study the role of spermatozoal fractalkine and its receptor (CX3CR1) gene expression as a marker of spermatozoa inflammatory response.Methods: This study included 80 patients with subclinical varicocele (45 fertile and 35 infertile) and 45 age-matched fertile volunteers. In semen samples, fractalkine and CX3CR1 gene expression were investigated by qRT-PCR. Moreover, seminal plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were measured.Results: There are significant decrease in semen quality and significant increase in seminal leucocytes count in subclinical varicocele. Our results show a significant increase in MDA and TAC levels, DNA fragmentation, and expression levels of fractalkine and its receptor (CX3CR1) in subclinical varicocele groups.Conclusion: Subclinical varicocele induces seminal and spermatozoal subclinical inflammatory response in the form of low-level leucospermia and increased mRNA expression of the fractalkine signaling pathway, leading to increased spermatozoal ROS production, oxidative stress, and DNA fragmentation. These could cooperate in the pathogenesis of delayed fertility in males with subclinical varicocele.","PeriodicalId":7490,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Urology","volume":"2017 ","pages":"5674237"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2017-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2017/5674237","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35901841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

Addition of Ceftriaxone and Amikacin to a Ciprofloxacin plus Metronidazole Regimen for Preventing Infectious Complications of Transrectal Ultrasound-Guided Prostate Biopsy: A Randomized Controlled Trial 在环丙沙星加甲硝唑方案中加入头孢曲松和阿米卡星预防经直肠超声引导前列腺活检感染性并发症的随机对照试验

IF 1.4

Advances in Urology Pub Date : 2017-01-10 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4635386

M. Izadpanahi, K. Nouri-Mahdavi, S. M. Majidi, M. Khorrami, F. Alizadeh, Mehrdad Mohammadi-Sichani

{"title":"Addition of Ceftriaxone and Amikacin to a Ciprofloxacin plus Metronidazole Regimen for Preventing Infectious Complications of Transrectal Ultrasound-Guided Prostate Biopsy: A Randomized Controlled Trial","authors":"M. Izadpanahi, K. Nouri-Mahdavi, S. M. Majidi, M. Khorrami, F. Alizadeh, Mehrdad Mohammadi-Sichani","doi":"10.1155/2017/4635386","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/4635386","url":null,"abstract":"Background. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of adding single doses of ceftriaxone and amikacin to a ciprofloxacin plus metronidazole regimen on the reduction of infectious complications following transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy (TRUS Bx). Materials and Methods. Four hundred and fifty patients who were candidates for TRUS Bx were divided into two groups of 225 each. The control group received ciprofloxacin 500 mg orally every 12 hours together with metronidazole 500 mg orally every 8 hours from the day prior to the procedure until the fifth postoperative day. In the second group, single doses of ceftriaxone 1 g by intravenous infusion and amikacin 5 mg/kg intramuscularly were administered 30–60 minutes before TRUS Bx in addition to the oral antimicrobials described for group 1. The incidence of infection was compared between the groups. Results. The incidence of infectious complications in the intervention group was significantly lower than that in the control group (4.6% versus 0.9%, p = 0.017). Conclusion. The addition of single doses of intramuscular amikacin and intravenously infused ceftriaxone to our prophylactic regimen of ciprofloxacin plus metronidazole resulted in a statistically significant reduction of infectious complications following TRUS Bx.","PeriodicalId":7490,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Urology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2017-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2017/4635386","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46551273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Distribution of Neuroendocrine Cells in the Transition Zone of the Prostate. 前列腺过渡区神经内分泌细胞的分布。

IF 1.4

Advances in Urology Pub Date : 2017-01-01 Epub Date: 2017-03-01 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8541697

Yuki Kyoda, Koji Ichihara, Kohei Hashimoto, Ko Kobayashi, Fumimasa Fukuta, Naoya Masumori

{"title":"Distribution of Neuroendocrine Cells in the Transition Zone of the Prostate.","authors":"Yuki Kyoda, Koji Ichihara, Kohei Hashimoto, Ko Kobayashi, Fumimasa Fukuta, Naoya Masumori","doi":"10.1155/2017/8541697","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/8541697","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives. To evaluate the distribution of neuroendocrine (NE) cells which may influence the development of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) in the transition zone (TZ). Methods. We reviewed specimens from 80 patients who underwent radical prostatectomy in our institution and evaluated the density of NE cells in the TZ. They were histologically classified into 3 groups: those with no adenomatous nodule in the TZ (group A), those with small nodules with normal epithelium and stroma around them in the TZ (group B), and those with large nodules occupying the TZ (group C). In the patients of group B, intra-adenoma (adenomatous nodules) and extra-adenoma (normal tissue) NE cells in the TZ were separately counted. Results. There were 22, 23, and 35 patients in groups A, B, and C, respectively. The median density of NE cells in the TZ of group B patients, 2.80/mm2, was significantly higher than that of NE cells in group A, 1.43/mm2, and group C, 0.61/mm2 (p < 0.001). In group B, the median density of extra-adenoma NE cells was significantly higher than that of intra-adenoma. Conclusions. Many NE cells exist around small adenoma in the TZ. NE cells may influence the initial growth of BPH in a paracrine fashion. Trial Registration. This study approved by our institutional review board was retrospectively registered (#272-14).","PeriodicalId":7490,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Urology","volume":"2017 ","pages":"8541697"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2017/8541697","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34860441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

A Study of Patients with Primary Mediastinal Germ Cell Tumors Treated Using Multimodal Therapy. 多模式治疗原发性纵隔生殖细胞肿瘤的研究。

IF 1.4

Advances in Urology Pub Date : 2017-01-01 Epub Date: 2017-05-28 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1404610

Yutaro Tanaka, Takehiko Okamura, Takashi Nagai, Daichi Kobayashi, Takahiro Kobayashi, Hidetoshi Akita, Yoshinobu Moritoki, Takahiro Yasui

{"title":"A Study of Patients with Primary Mediastinal Germ Cell Tumors Treated Using Multimodal Therapy.","authors":"Yutaro Tanaka, Takehiko Okamura, Takashi Nagai, Daichi Kobayashi, Takahiro Kobayashi, Hidetoshi Akita, Yoshinobu Moritoki, Takahiro Yasui","doi":"10.1155/2017/1404610","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/1404610","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: Primary mediastinal germ cell tumors (PMGCTs) are rare, which often makes them difficult to treat. Herein, we examined patients with PMGCTs who underwent multimodal treatment.Methods: We examined 6 patients (median age: 25 years, range: 19-27 years) with PMGCTs who underwent multimodal treatment between April 2001 and March 2015. Three patients had seminomas, 2 patients had yolk sac tumors, and 1 patient had choriocarcinoma. The median observation period was 32.5 months (range: 8-84 months).Results: Three of the 6 patients received initial operation followed by 3-4 courses of chemotherapy (bleomycin, etoposide, and cisplatin (BEP) or etoposide and cisplatin (EP)). One patient developed multiple lung metastases 17 months after surgery; received salvage chemotherapy with vinblastine, ifosfamide, and cisplatin; and achieved complete remission. The remaining 3 patients received initial BEP and EP chemotherapy. Multiple lung metastases and supraclavicular lymph node metastases were detected in 2 of these patients at the initial diagnosis. The patients underwent resections to remove residual tumor after treatment, and no viable tumor cells were found.Conclusions: Reliable diagnosis and immediate multimodal treatments are necessary for patients with PMGCTs. The 6 patients treated in our hospital have never experienced recurrence after the multimodal treatment.","PeriodicalId":7490,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Urology","volume":"2017 ","pages":"1404610"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2017/1404610","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35106836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 15

Impact Assessment of Urethral Meatus Morphology and Penile Biometry in Transurethral Prostate and Bladder Surgery. 经尿道前列腺和膀胱手术中尿道道形态和阴茎生物测量的影响评估。

IF 1.4

Advances in Urology Pub Date : 2017-01-01 Epub Date: 2017-02-19 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6321702

Rodrigo Ribeiro Vieiralves, Paulo Henrique Pereira Conte, Eduardo Medina Felici, Nádia Cristina Pinheiro Rodrigues, Tomás Accioly de Souza, Francisco J B Sampaio, Luciano Alves Favorito

{"title":"Impact Assessment of Urethral Meatus Morphology and Penile Biometry in Transurethral Prostate and Bladder Surgery.","authors":"Rodrigo Ribeiro Vieiralves, Paulo Henrique Pereira Conte, Eduardo Medina Felici, Nádia Cristina Pinheiro Rodrigues, Tomás Accioly de Souza, Francisco J B Sampaio, Luciano Alves Favorito","doi":"10.1155/2017/6321702","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/6321702","url":null,"abstract":"Objective. To analyze the penile and urethral meatus biometry and its correlation with meatoplasty during endoscopic resections. We also propose a new classification for urethral meatus morphology. Materials and Methods. We prospectively studied 105 patients who underwent prostate and bladder transurethral resections. We performed standardized measurement of penile and urethral meatus biometry followed by penile photo in the front position. The need to perform meatoplasty or dilatation during resectoscope introduction was registered. Data were analyzed comparing the correlation between two groups: without intervention (Group A) and with intervention (Group B). Results. We observed in Group A and Group B, respectively, the average length of urethral meatus of 1.07 cm versus 0.75 cm (p < 0.001) and average width of urethral meatus of 0.59 cm versus 0.38 cm (p < 0.001). Considering the morphology of the urethral meatus, we propose a new classification, in the following groups: (a) typical; (b) slit; (c) point-like; (d) horseshoe; and (e) megameatus. The point-like meatus was the one that most needed intervention, followed by the slit and the typical meatus (p < 0.001). Conclusions. Point-like and slit-shaped urethral meatus, as well as reduced length and width of the urethral meatus, are the determining factors.","PeriodicalId":7490,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Urology","volume":"2017 ","pages":"6321702"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2017/6321702","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34816731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy under Ultrasound Guidance in Patients with Renal Calculi and Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease: A Report of 11 Cases. 超声引导下经皮肾镜取石术治疗肾结石合并常染色体显性多囊肾病11例报告

IF 1.4

Advances in Urology Pub Date : 2017-01-01 Epub Date: 2017-02-21 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3483172

Xiao Wang, Xuecheng Yang, Xiulong Zhong, Zhenlin Wang, Senyao Xue, Weifeng Yu, Zhen Dong

{"title":"Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy under Ultrasound Guidance in Patients with Renal Calculi and Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease: A Report of 11 Cases.","authors":"Xiao Wang, Xuecheng Yang, Xiulong Zhong, Zhenlin Wang, Senyao Xue, Weifeng Yu, Zhen Dong","doi":"10.1155/2017/3483172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/3483172","url":null,"abstract":"Nephrolithiasis accelerates the renal failure in the patients with ADPKD. In order to evaluate the role of percutaneous nephrolithotomy in management of calculus in these patients, 11 patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease and renal stones were included in the study. Two patients had bilateral renal stones. All patients were treated by percutaneous nephrolithotomy under ultrasound guidance. 13 percutaneous nephrolithotomy procedures were performed in 1 stage by the urology team under ultrasound guidance. 5 people received second operation with flexible nephroscopy in lateral position. The success rate and morbidity and mortality of the technique and hospital stay were recorded. Results. The puncture procedure was fully successful in all cases. The renal function improved in these patients. 5 patients had moderate fever after the surgery. 5 patients received flexible nephroscopy to take out the residual calculi. 2 persons had ESWL therapy after the surgery. Conclusion. PCNL is an ideal, safe, and effective method to remove the stones from those patients with no definite increase in the risk of complication. The outcome and stone-free rate are satisfactory comparable to the PCNL in the patients without ADPKD.","PeriodicalId":7490,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Urology","volume":"2017 ","pages":"3483172"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2017/3483172","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34837092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

The Persistence of Silodosin Monotherapy and the Reasons for Withdrawal from Treatment of Previously Untreated Japanese Patients with Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms Suggestive of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia. 西洛多辛单药治疗的持续性和先前未治疗的日本下尿路症状提示良性前列腺增生患者退出治疗的原因

IF 1.4

Advances in Urology Pub Date : 2017-01-01 Epub Date: 2017-06-13 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4842025

Yoshinori Tanaka, Yasushi Tanuma, Naoya Masumori

{"title":"The Persistence of Silodosin Monotherapy and the Reasons for Withdrawal from Treatment of Previously Untreated Japanese Patients with Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms Suggestive of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia.","authors":"Yoshinori Tanaka, Yasushi Tanuma, Naoya Masumori","doi":"10.1155/2017/4842025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/4842025","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: The persistence of silodosin and the reasons for withdrawal from treatment of previously untreated Japanese patients with lower urinary tract symptoms suggestive of benign prostatic hyperplasia (LUTS/BPH) were evaluated in real-life clinical practice.Methods: A total of 81 previously untreated Japanese patients diagnosed with LUTS/BPH were treated with silodosin monotherapy and prospectively followed for 4 years. The persistence rate was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. If silodosin had to be terminated or a patient did not come to the hospital, the reason was determined.Results: The 6-month, 1-year, 2-year, 3-year, and 4-year persistence rates were 63.0%, 56.8%, 50.6%, 44.4%, and 35.8%, respectively. The most frequent reason (22.2%) for withdrawal was symptom resolution. After silodosin treatment, the international prostate symptom score and the quality of life index were significantly improved and maintained for 4 years.Conclusions: 35.8% of previously untreated Japanese patients continued silodosin for 4 years. Many patients terminated silodosin for various reasons, the most frequent of which was symptom resolution. The effects of silodosin were maintained when the patients continued treatment.Trial registration: This study was approved by the institutional review board of Hokkaido Prefectural Esashi Hospital (number 2007-2) and was registered in a public trial registry (UMIN000026910).","PeriodicalId":7490,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Urology","volume":"2017 ","pages":"4842025"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2017/4842025","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35158914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Recent Pathophysiological Aspects of Peyronie's Disease: Role of Free Radicals, Rationale, and Therapeutic Implications for Antioxidant Treatment-Literature Review. 佩罗尼病的最新病理生理方面:自由基的作用、原理和抗氧化治疗的治疗意义-文献综述。

IF 1.4

Advances in Urology Pub Date : 2017-01-01 Epub Date: 2017-07-04 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4653512

Gianni Paulis, Gennaro Romano, Luca Paulis, Davide Barletta

{"title":"Recent Pathophysiological Aspects of Peyronie's Disease: Role of Free Radicals, Rationale, and Therapeutic Implications for Antioxidant Treatment-Literature Review.","authors":"Gianni Paulis, Gennaro Romano, Luca Paulis, Davide Barletta","doi":"10.1155/2017/4653512","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/4653512","url":null,"abstract":"Peyronie's disease (PD) is a chronic inflammation of tunica albuginea of the corpora cavernosa that causes an inelastic plaque resulting in penis deformation. Although its etiology is not completely known, there is general consensus that PD is genetically transmitted and secondary to penile trauma. In recent years, numerous studies demonstrated the role played by oxidative stress in PD pathogenesis, and other studies have described successful use of antioxidants in PD treatment. Oxidative stress is an integral part of this disease, influencing its progression. In the early stages of PD, the inflammatory infiltrate cells produce high quantities of free radicals and proinflammatory and profibrotic cytokines, with consequent activation of transcription factor NF-κB. While conservative therapies commonly used in the early stages of PD include oral substances (Potaba, tamoxifen, colchicine, and vitamin E), intralesional treatment (verapamil, interferon, steroids, and more recently collagenase clostridium histolyticum-Xiaflex), and local physical treatment (iontophoresis, extracorporeal shock wave therapy, and penile extender), the significant results obtained by emerging treatments with the antioxidants cited in this article suggest these therapeutic agents interfere at several levels with the disease's pathogenetic mechanisms. Antioxidants therapy outcomes are interesting for good clinical practice and also confirm the fundamental role played by oxidative stress in PD.","PeriodicalId":7490,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Urology","volume":"2017 ","pages":"4653512"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2017/4653512","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35199140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 26