Surgery in practice and science最新文献

{"title":"The role of artificial intelligence in advancing urologic care: From diagnostics to therapeutics","authors":"Sina Samenezhad ,&nbsp;Dorna Rafighi","doi":"10.1016/j.sipas.2025.100322","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sipas.2025.100322","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Artificial intelligence (AI) is gradually altering urology by improving diagnostic precision, prognostic evaluation, and therapy decisions in a broad spectrum of urologic diseases. Utilizing machine learning, deep learning, and radiomics, applications of AI have exhibited promise in enhancing cancer identification, stratification, and therapy response prediction, especially in prostate, bladder, and kidney cancers. Beyond cancer therapy, AI enables individually tailored care for benign diseases like benign prostatic hyperplasia, urolithiasis, Functional Urology even in pediatrics by enhancing diagnostic ability and outcome prediction. Heterogeneity of data, model explainability, ethical issues, and lack of prospective validation constrain incorporation into everyday practice. This review summarizes current applications and discusses methodological and ethical limitation, and defines future directions toward enhancing multidisciplinary interaction, standardization across datasets, and prudent implementation. Eventually, AI provides large-scale opportunity to transform urologic care by facilitating individually tailored, expedient, and equitable patient care.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74890,"journal":{"name":"Surgery in practice and science","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 100322"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145792282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the impact of reusable gowns on postoperative infection rates in hand surgery","authors":"Frank Davis,&nbsp;Oscar Atkinson,&nbsp;Marwan El-Sayed,&nbsp;Abdel Rahman Saad,&nbsp;Riem Johnson","doi":"10.1016/j.sipas.2025.100299","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sipas.2025.100299","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Historically, there have been concerns that reusable gowns may increase post operative infection rate, though more recent literature does not support this. The Sussex Orthopaedic Treatment Centre’s (SOTC) hand unit introduced reusable gowns in hand surgery and evaluated infection rates before and after implementation. Their adoption could provide economic and environmental benefits for the NHS.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A retrospective analysis compared infection rates in 396 hand surgeries. A two month period of disposable gowns was compared with a two month period of reusable gowns.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Infection rates were 1.58 % (3/190) pre-intervention and 1.94 % (4/206) post-intervention. All cases were managed with oral antibiotics, with no reoperations.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>This small study shows that our infection rates align with that of current literature that reusable gowns do not increase infection rates. Their environmental benefits support adoption, and addressing misconceptions is key to implementation.</div></div><div><h3>Evidence level</h3><div>2b (Retrospective Cohort).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74890,"journal":{"name":"Surgery in practice and science","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 100299"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146173542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations between obesity and lymph node metastasis and early recurrence in pancreatic head cancer: A single-center retrospective cohort study","authors":"Kazuhiro Tada,&nbsp;Yo-ichi Yamashita,&nbsp;Naotaka Inomata,&nbsp;Sota Nakamura,&nbsp;Shun Nakamura,&nbsp;Shohei Yoshiya,&nbsp;Yosuke Kuroda,&nbsp;Kentaro Iwaki,&nbsp;Shoji Hiroshige,&nbsp;Kengo Fukuzawa","doi":"10.1016/j.sipas.2026.100329","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sipas.2026.100329","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Obesity may contribute to pancreatic cancer development via metabolic modulation. The number of obese patients with pancreatic cancer is expected to increase worldwide. Herein, we investigated the effects of obesity on patients with pancreatic head cancer who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We reviewed 141 consecutive PDs and compared clinicopathological factors and survival outcomes in obese (O: 29 patients) or non-obese (N: 112 patients) groups. Obesity was defined as a body mass index &gt; 25 kg/m².</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Intraoperative bleeding was higher in the O group than in the N group (450 vs. 280 mL, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001); however, there were no intergroup differences in operation time, frequencies of Clavien-Dindo grade Ⅲ or higher morbidities, pancreatic fistula grade B or higher, or postoperative hospital stay duration. There were no significant intergroup differences in the radical resection rate, but the O group had more advanced tumor-related factors than the N group, with higher lymphatic invasion (79 vs. 46%, <em>p</em> = 0.002) and lymph node metastasis rates (90 vs. 68%, <em>p</em> = 0.019). There was no intergroup difference in the rate of postoperative adjuvant therapy; however, the recurrence rate tended to be higher (83% vs. 69%, <em>p</em> = 0.136), whereas early recurrence within 6 months was significantly higher (38% vs. 19%, <em>p</em> = 0.02), in the O group than the N group. In addition, the median recurrence-free survival was significantly shorter in the O group than in the N group (7.6 vs. 17.3 months, <em>p</em> = 0.037).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Obesity was associated with early recurrence in patients undergoing PD for pancreatic head cancer.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74890,"journal":{"name":"Surgery in practice and science","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 100329"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146078134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From prediction to action—Making emergency laparotomy risk scores clinically usable","authors":"Shashikanth Vijayaraghavalu","doi":"10.1016/j.sipas.2025.100324","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sipas.2025.100324","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":74890,"journal":{"name":"Surgery in practice and science","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 100324"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145927088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Radioguided occult lesion localisation for wide local excision, excision biopsies and in combination with radioisotope sentinel lymph node localisation (SNOLL) – 10 year experience of a single centre","authors":"Bahar Mirshekar-Syahkal,&nbsp;Haifa Alotaibi,&nbsp;Sendhil Rajan,&nbsp;Mathew Gray,&nbsp;David Newman,&nbsp;Maged Hussien","doi":"10.1016/j.sipas.2025.100326","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sipas.2025.100326","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Various techniques are used to localise non-palpable breast cancer and identify sentinel lymph nodes (SLN). Seed-based localisations can be expensive, may dislodge and require special intraoperative equipment. We report our experience of using radioguided occult lesion localisation (ROLL) alone and with SLN (SNOLL)</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This is a retrospective review of all patients undergoing breast excision procedures using ROLL between January 2008 and 2018. On the morning of surgery or the day before, patients had 10 MBq Technetium 99 m colloid injected into the centre of the breast lesion under ultrasound guidance with a further 10 MBq injected into the periareolar skin if SLN was planned. Surgery was performed with the aid of a gamma probe to detect the radioisotope signal in the breast and axilla and specimen X-rays of the breast excision specimen were performed with cavity shaves considered if appropriate.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>1073 ROLL-guided excisions were performed in 1050 patients: 1043 of these were wide local excisions (WLE), which included 11 level two oncoplastic procedures, with the remaining being excision biopsies. 957 of the WLEs were SNOLL procedures. ROLL was successful in 1065 (99.3 %) procedures. Of the eight ROLL failures, three were due to incorrect lesion localisation and two were due to diffuse ROLL signal. SLN biopsy was successful in 955 (99.8 %) of cases.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>SNOLL/ROLL is a reliable, cheap and easy localisation technique where the marker cannot be dislodged during the procedure. Both localisations are performed on the day of surgery using the same equipment for signal detection in the breast and axilla.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74890,"journal":{"name":"Surgery in practice and science","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 100326"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145927087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perceptions, practices, and barriers in surgical informed consent: A cross-sectional study from Sudan","authors":"Ibrahim Nagmeldin Hassan ,&nbsp;Mohamed Ibrahim ,&nbsp;Siddig Yaqub ,&nbsp;Muhsin Ibrahim ,&nbsp;Haythem Abdalla ,&nbsp;Ghada Aljaili ,&nbsp;Wafa Osman ,&nbsp;Nagmeldin Abuassa","doi":"10.1016/j.sipas.2025.100309","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sipas.2025.100309","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Informed consent is a cornerstone of ethical surgical practice, yet significant challenges persist in ensuring patients' comprehension, particularly in low-resource settings. Cultural norms, literacy barriers, and limited institutional support often hinder truly informed decision-making.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted from September to December 2024 at a rural surgical center in Omdurman, Sudan. A total of 422 adult patients undergoing elective surgery were interviewed postoperatively using a validated, culturally adapted questionnaire. Descriptive and inferential statistics were applied to assess patient demographics, perceptions of the informed consent process, and associated barriers.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The mean age of participants was 42.0 ± 14.3 years, with a near-equal gender distribution. Only 17.1% of patients signed their own surgical consent forms, with 80.6% of these self-signers being male. Among those whose consent was signed by relatives (82.9%), females were overrepresented (56.6%). While 91.5% recognized the importance of informed consent, only 33.6% understood its medico-legal significance. Consent explanations were predominantly delivered by residents or house officers (62.1%), and just 20.1% of patients felt that the discussion influenced their surgical decision. Self-signers were more likely to recall discussion of surgical complications (75.0% vs. 51.4%; <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001), less likely to recall expected benefits (61.1% vs. 78.9%; <em>p</em> = 0.001), and showed no significant difference for consequences if surgery was not performed (80.6% vs. 82.9%; <em>p</em> = 1.0). Overall satisfaction with the consent process was high (87.7%), though this did not correlate with comprehension. Educational status significantly influenced autonomy, with illiterate participants disproportionately less likely to sign their own forms and more likely to cite language barriers and lack of information (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Despite high reported satisfaction, substantial deficiencies exist in patients’ comprehension and autonomy in the informed consent process in Sudan. Gender disparities, literacy limitations, and systemic reliance on junior staff compromise the ethical validity of consent. Interventions tailored to cultural and educational contexts—such as provider training, simplified materials, and patient-centered communication—are urgently needed to enhance informed surgical decision-making in low-resource environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74890,"journal":{"name":"Surgery in practice and science","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article 100309"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145159829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Outcomes of primary intestinal anastomosis versus stoma in necrotizing enterocolitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Amani N. Alansari ,&nbsp;Salma Mani ,&nbsp;Marwa Messaoud ,&nbsp;Tariq Altokhais","doi":"10.1016/j.sipas.2025.100319","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sipas.2025.100319","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Approximately one-quarter of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) cases require surgical resection due to bowel perforation, necrosis, or failure to respond to conservative management. In such cases, the optimal method for restoring intestinal continuity remains debatable. Stoma is traditionally favored over primary anastomosis for its perceived safety, particularly in unstable infants, but it is associated with complications such as fluid and electrolyte imbalances, impaired growth, and the need for a second surgery. This study aims to systematically review and analyze the evidence comparing stoma versus primary anastomosis in neonates undergoing surgery for NEC.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We searched PubMed, Web of Science (WOS), the Cochrane Library, and Scopus for studies comparing the outcomes of stoma versus primary anastomosis in neonates with NEC. The primary outcomes included overall postoperative complications, intestinal perforation, stricture, mortality, wound infection, time to full enteral nutrition, time to end parenteral nutrition, and length of hospital stay. The meta-analysis was conducted using Review Manager (RevMan) version 5.4.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Eighteen studies were included in the meta-analysis. Primary anastomosis was associated with lower mortality risk: (risk ratios (RR) = 0.61; 95 % confidence interval (CI): 0.42:0.88). No significant differences were observed between groups in overall complications, wound infection, duration of hospital stay, duration of parenteral nutrition, the need for a second operation (excluding stoma closure), strictures, and perforations.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Primary anastomosis for neonates with NEC is associated with lower mortality and comparable complication rates compared to stoma formation in selected cases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74890,"journal":{"name":"Surgery in practice and science","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article 100319"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145579187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrating Laplace's law with patient-specific hemodynamics to predict rupture risk in unruptured intracranial aneurysms: A systematic review of a biophysical and computational framework","authors":"Muhammad Mohsin Khan ,&nbsp;Noman Shah ,&nbsp;Bipin Chaurasia","doi":"10.1016/j.sipas.2025.100318","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sipas.2025.100318","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>This systematic review aimed to synthesize the literature on integrating biophysical principles such as Laplace’s law with patient-specific hemodynamics to create a more precise and mechanistic framework for assessing rupture risk in unruptured intracranial aneurysms.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This systematic review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Studies published between January 2010 and December 2024 were identified from databases including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, IEEE Xplore, and Google Scholar. The Joanna Briggs Institute checklist and Risk of Bias In Non-randomized Studies - of Interventions (ROBINS-I) tool were used to assess study quality and bias.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>These studies showed increasing integration of Laplace's law with patient-specific flow simulations and vessel wall modeling. Hemodynamic models frequently revealed that areas with low wall shear stress or high oscillatory shear index overlapped with regions of high mechanical stress. Thin walled blebs small outpouchings on aneurysms were particularly prone to rupture and were often associated with abnormal flow patterns and higher wall tension. The synthesized evidence supports the conceptual validity of an integrative model that spatially correlates high wall tension with adverse hemodynamic patterns.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This review demonstrates that the proposed integration of Laplace’s law with advanced hemodynamic modeling, as evidenced by the literature, holds promise for improving rupture risk prediction. Future research should focus on implementing this combined approach in a clinical cohort to compare its predictive ability against existing models like the PHASES score.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74890,"journal":{"name":"Surgery in practice and science","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article 100318"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145466405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship between minimum heart rate and mortality in ICU patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI): a retrospective analysis based on the MIMIC-IV database","authors":"Xin Li,&nbsp;Meng Han,&nbsp;Xiaoliang Wang,&nbsp;Wenjuan Lang,&nbsp;Kai Shi","doi":"10.1016/j.sipas.2025.100312","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sipas.2025.100312","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The association between minimum heart rate (MinHR) within 24 h of ICU admission and 1-month mortality in traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients remains unclear.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This retrospective cohort study analyzed 2267 TBI patients from the MIMIC-IV v3.1 database. Multivariable Cox regression, restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis, and subgroup analyses evaluated relationships between 24-hour MinHR and mortality.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The cohort (median age 67 [IQR 51–80] years; 62.6% female) had a median MinHR of 59 [52–68] bpm, with 248 deaths (10.94%). RCS analysis revealed a U-shaped association (P for nonlinear =0.001) with 59 bpm as the inflection point. MinHR ≥59 bpm independently predicted higher mortality after full adjustment (HR=1.84, 95%CI:1.31–2.60; <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001). This association was pronounced in non-hypertensive patients (HR=1.50, 95%CI:1.08–2.08; <em>P</em> = 0.015).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>A U-shaped association exists between 24-hour MinHR and 1-month mortality in TBI patients, with 59 bpm as the critical threshold. MinHR ≥59 bpm independently predicts increased mortality. These findings support using 59 bpm as an alert threshold for early intervention.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74890,"journal":{"name":"Surgery in practice and science","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article 100312"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145363483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Severe morbidity following pancreatectomy with vascular reconstruction: impact of intraoperative vascular events and grafted venous reconstructions","authors":"Ramiro Fernández-Placencia ,&nbsp;Francisco Berrospi ,&nbsp;Carlos Luque-Vásquez ,&nbsp;Eduarda Bustamante ,&nbsp;Néstor Sánchez ,&nbsp;Eloy Ruiz ,&nbsp;Vanesa Huamán ,&nbsp;Eduardo Payet ,&nbsp;Juan Celis","doi":"10.1016/j.sipas.2025.100305","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sipas.2025.100305","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Vascular resection and reconstruction during pancreatic surgery has become increasingly common in high-volume centers. However, the impact of intraoperative vascular events and complex venous reconstructions on severe morbidity remains understudied.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted a retrospective cohort study including 77 patients who underwent pancreatic resection with vascular reconstruction at a high-volume tertiary care center between January 2010 and December 2024. Perioperative factors were evaluated through univariate and multivariate analyses.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Intraoperative events occurred in 25 % of the patients; severe morbidity (≥ IIIb according to the Clavien–Dindo classification) was observed in 31 %, and the mortality rate was 3.9 %. Severe morbidity was significantly influenced by intraoperative events (OR=4.3, 95 % CI 1.3–14.6, <em>p</em> = 0.016) and type 4 venous reconstruction (OR=12.7, 95 % CI 1.5–280, <em>p</em> = 0.037). Despite the increasing proportion of type 3 and type 4 venous reconstructions performed over the years, the rates of severe morbidity have remained stable. A notable improvement in the R0 resection rate for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma was observed after 2019, with a significant shift toward more complex venous reconstructions.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Intraoperative events and type 4 venous reconstruction significantly increase the risk of severe morbidity in pancreatic surgery. These findings underscore the importance of surgical planning, expertise in vascular procedures, and multidisciplinary care to improve outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74890,"journal":{"name":"Surgery in practice and science","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article 100305"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145050532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}