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Acute appendicitis 急性阑尾炎
Surgery (Oxford, Oxfordshire) Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-03-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.mpsur.2026.02.011
Frances Dixon, Anjana Singh
{"title":"Acute appendicitis","authors":"Frances Dixon,&nbsp;Anjana Singh","doi":"10.1016/j.mpsur.2026.02.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mpsur.2026.02.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Acute appendicitis is inflammation of the vermiform appendix. It is the commonest general surgical emergency in children and young adults, yet its diagnosis can still confound even the most skilled surgeon due to the highly variable presentation of appendicitis, with fewer than 50% of patients exhibiting classical features. Taking a detailed history and performing a careful examination remains the cornerstone of diagnosis. Urinalysis and blood tests, particularly C-reactive protein, are useful adjuncts and are performed routinely. Radiological imaging, commonly ultrasound and computed tomography scans, also have a role when the diagnosis is unclear and/or other common conditions need to be excluded, such as gynaecological pathology in young females. Nevertheless 20% of appendices removed in UK are histologically normal. Appendicitis scoring systems may further assist in stratifying risk and increasing the accuracy of diagnosis. Recently, there has been growing interest in non-surgical management of appendicitis, particularly during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. Antibiotics alone have been used to successfully treat uncomplicated appendicitis (without perforation, abscess or gangrene) in the short-term, however nearly 40% of these cases eventually require appendicectomy. Surgery, usually laparoscopic appendicectomy, remains the treatment of choice for acute appendicitis and non-operative management is reserved for specific cases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74889,"journal":{"name":"Surgery (Oxford, Oxfordshire)","volume":"44 4","pages":"Pages 236-243"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147661711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Benign anorectal conditions: perianal abscess, fistula in ano, haemorrhoids, fissures and pilonidal sinus 良性肛肠疾病：肛周脓肿、肛瘘、痔疮、肛裂和毛窦
Surgery (Oxford, Oxfordshire) Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-04-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.mpsur.2026.02.013
Divolka Ganesh, Athur Harikrishnan
{"title":"Benign anorectal conditions: perianal abscess, fistula in ano, haemorrhoids, fissures and pilonidal sinus","authors":"Divolka Ganesh,&nbsp;Athur Harikrishnan","doi":"10.1016/j.mpsur.2026.02.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mpsur.2026.02.013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Benign perianal conditions are frequently encountered both on the acute general surgical take and in the outpatient clinics. Prompt and accurate diagnosis, alongside management, is essential to minimize patient morbidity and to distinguish these conditions from anorectal malignancy. This article reviews the clinical presentation and current management of perianal abscess, fistula in ano, haemorrhoids, anal fissure and pilonidal sinus.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74889,"journal":{"name":"Surgery (Oxford, Oxfordshire)","volume":"44 4","pages":"Pages 247-253"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147661716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Test yourself: MCQ and Single Best Answer 测试自己：MCQ和单一最佳答案
Surgery (Oxford, Oxfordshire) Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-03-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.mpsur.2026.02.018
Adrian Ben Cresswell
{"title":"Test yourself: MCQ and Single Best Answer","authors":"Adrian Ben Cresswell","doi":"10.1016/j.mpsur.2026.02.018","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mpsur.2026.02.018","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":74889,"journal":{"name":"Surgery (Oxford, Oxfordshire)","volume":"44 4","pages":"Pages 276-277"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147661719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The impact of disease states on secretory function in the gastrointestinal tract 疾病状态对胃肠道分泌功能的影响
Surgery (Oxford, Oxfordshire) Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-03-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.mpsur.2026.02.015
James Everson, Krista Stockenhuber, Elizabeth L Bird-Lieberman
{"title":"The impact of disease states on secretory function in the gastrointestinal tract","authors":"James Everson,&nbsp;Krista Stockenhuber,&nbsp;Elizabeth L Bird-Lieberman","doi":"10.1016/j.mpsur.2026.02.015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mpsur.2026.02.015","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The gut is a collection of organs adapted to absorb nutrients from digested food in a coordinated manner. The organs secrete substances into the blood and the gut lumen for absorptive and immune functions. Disease states can alter the mechanisms necessary for this absorption and the protection of the gut, resulting in gastrointestinal symptoms and malabsorption states.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74889,"journal":{"name":"Surgery (Oxford, Oxfordshire)","volume":"44 4","pages":"Pages 213-222"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147661708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Clinical, radiological and physiological assessment of anorectal function 肛肠功能的临床、放射学和生理学评价
Surgery (Oxford, Oxfordshire) Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-03-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.mpsur.2026.02.009
Rhiannon L. Harries, Gregory Taylor
{"title":"Clinical, radiological and physiological assessment of anorectal function","authors":"Rhiannon L. Harries,&nbsp;Gregory Taylor","doi":"10.1016/j.mpsur.2026.02.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mpsur.2026.02.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The maintenance of anorectal continence and defaecation is complex. The disruption of these mechanisms can result in symptoms of either faecal incontinence or obstructive defaecation. Both conditions can have significant impact on quality of life. This article details the clinical assessment of presenting patients to establish potential causes, grade the severity of the symptoms and to assess the impact on their quality of life. The appropriate specialized radiological and physiological investigations aim to evaluate the structural integrity and function of the anal sphincter, the anorectal and pelvic floor musculature and measure the transitory function of the colon.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74889,"journal":{"name":"Surgery (Oxford, Oxfordshire)","volume":"44 4","pages":"Pages 223-228"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147661713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Pseudo-obstruction, acquired megacolon and sigmoid volvulus 假性梗阻，后患性巨结肠和乙状结肠扭转
Surgery (Oxford, Oxfordshire) Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-03-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.mpsur.2026.02.017
Tabitha Gana, H.S. Narula
{"title":"Pseudo-obstruction, acquired megacolon and sigmoid volvulus","authors":"Tabitha Gana,&nbsp;H.S. Narula","doi":"10.1016/j.mpsur.2026.02.017","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mpsur.2026.02.017","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this article we present the clinical features, diagnosis and management of a group of benign lower gastrointestinal disorders that present with features of large bowel obstruction. Colonic pseudo-obstruction, acquired megacolon and sigmoid volvulus commonly affect elderly institutionalized patients with multiple co-morbidities, presenting challenges in management. Identification and treatment of any underlying causative pathology, along with conservative measures, is often the mainstay of management. Surgical intervention is only considered in carefully selected patients. A thorough understanding of these clinical conditions is therefore important.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74889,"journal":{"name":"Surgery (Oxford, Oxfordshire)","volume":"44 4","pages":"Pages 254-258"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147661718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Rectal prolapse and surgery for faecal incontinence 直肠脱垂和手术治疗大便失禁
Surgery (Oxford, Oxfordshire) Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-04-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.mpsur.2026.02.014
Jasmine Brown, Athur Harikrishnan
{"title":"Rectal prolapse and surgery for faecal incontinence","authors":"Jasmine Brown,&nbsp;Athur Harikrishnan","doi":"10.1016/j.mpsur.2026.02.014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mpsur.2026.02.014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Both rectal prolapse and faecal incontinence are common, multifactorial conditions that present both electively to colorectal and pelvic floor clinics, and to the emergency take. The conditions can be complex to treat as can the medical conditions of the elderly patients they can affect. Treatments are evolving but will often involve significant buy in from patients and their carers. This article highlights some of these surgical interventions to enable trainees to have discussions in outpatient settings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74889,"journal":{"name":"Surgery (Oxford, Oxfordshire)","volume":"44 4","pages":"Pages 269-275"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147661717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Diverticular abscess, pelvic and other intra-abdominal abscesses 憩室脓肿，盆腔脓肿和其他腹内脓肿
Surgery (Oxford, Oxfordshire) Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-03-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.mpsur.2026.02.016
Ciara Mallon, Sean O'Donnell, Kathryn Boyce, Richard Guy
{"title":"Diverticular abscess, pelvic and other intra-abdominal abscesses","authors":"Ciara Mallon,&nbsp;Sean O'Donnell,&nbsp;Kathryn Boyce,&nbsp;Richard Guy","doi":"10.1016/j.mpsur.2026.02.016","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mpsur.2026.02.016","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Intra-abdominal abscesses are a common surgical problem, occurring primarily in association with a variety of perforating or suppurative intra-abdominal visceral diseases or secondary to postoperative complications, including anastomotic dehiscence. Early diagnosis and recognition of associated pathology, based on clinical assessment and appropriate investigation, including accurate cross-sectional imaging and interpretation, are essential for the planning of treatment and eradication of sepsis. Administration of appropriate antibiotics with safe image-guided percutaneous drainage where feasible is the gold standard, with surgical intervention reserved for those that fail conservative management or in the emergency setting for the acutely unwell patient. Specific considerations for the diagnosis and management of the more commonly encountered pelvic and intra-abdominal abscesses, particularly diverticular abscesses, are further discussed in this article.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74889,"journal":{"name":"Surgery (Oxford, Oxfordshire)","volume":"44 4","pages":"Pages 259-268"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147661709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Surgical management of ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease 溃疡性结肠炎和克罗恩病的外科治疗
Surgery (Oxford, Oxfordshire) Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-03-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.mpsur.2026.02.012
Shwe Oo, Mark Davies
{"title":"Surgical management of ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease","authors":"Shwe Oo,&nbsp;Mark Davies","doi":"10.1016/j.mpsur.2026.02.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mpsur.2026.02.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The term inflammatory bowel disease is used to describe two conditions ‒ ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease. Due to the complex nature of the disease, the treatment can be varied from each case to case and is usually approached by multidisciplinary team management. In this article, we focus on the surgical treatment options for inflammatory disease especially relating to basic principles.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74889,"journal":{"name":"Surgery (Oxford, Oxfordshire)","volume":"44 4","pages":"Pages 244-246"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147661712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Anatomy of the small intestine 小肠的解剖学
Surgery (Oxford, Oxfordshire) Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-03-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.mpsur.2026.02.008
Peter J. Bazira
{"title":"Anatomy of the small intestine","authors":"Peter J. Bazira","doi":"10.1016/j.mpsur.2026.02.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mpsur.2026.02.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The small intestine, comprising the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum commences at the pyloroduodenal (gastroduodenal) junction and ends at the ileocaecal junction. The principal function of the small intestine is the digestion and absorption of ingested food, electrolytes, and vitamins. As might be expected from its very active role as a secretory and absorptive viscus, the small intestine has a rich blood supply and an extensive surface area of absorptive mucosa. The blood supply is derived chiefly from the superior mesenteric artery via its inferior pancreaticoduodenal, jejunal and ileal branches. Accompanying these arterial branches are corresponding venous tributaries that carry venous blood through the superior mesenteric vein to the portal vein and liver. This article describes the key surgically relevant anatomy of the small intestine.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74889,"journal":{"name":"Surgery (Oxford, Oxfordshire)","volume":"44 4","pages":"Pages 205-212"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147661707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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