African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology最新文献

{"title":"The application of composting materials to degrade polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon on oil field drill cuttings","authors":"Allagoa Mary","doi":"10.5897/ajest2023.3218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/ajest2023.3218","url":null,"abstract":"The potential effects of using poultry droppings and mushroom substrate, either alone or in combination, as amendments or nutrient supplements for hydrocarbon biodegradation were investigated in this study. The rates of biodegradation of drill cuttings were studied over remediation periods of 4 and 8 weeks under laboratory conditions. The concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in untreated drill cuttings, spent mushroom substrate, and poultry manure were 18.464, 13.29, and 19.59 mg kg -1 , respectively. The first-order empirical model was employed to predict changes in hydrocarbon concentrations. Subsequently, Biodegradation Efficiency (BDE), Diagnostic Ratio, and Toxicity Equivalent Factor (TEF) were determined. Analysis of the empirical data revealed a highly statistically significant difference in PAHs at 8 weeks due to the amendment. Notably, spent mushroom substrate (SMS) exhibited better performance on its own compared to animal waste (poultry droppings). However, a combination of poultry droppings and SMS (4:1:1) resulted in higher values of BDE. Diagnostic ratios calculated indicated that PAHs originated from both combustion and anthropogenic sources. TEF demonstrated a reduction in value from 4 to 8 weeks, with the 14 individual PAHs investigated showing a 50% reduction in fluoranthene. Conversely, the biodegradation rate constants obtained were higher with lower half-life times for the various amendments using plant and animal-source organic wastes, either alone or in combinations.","PeriodicalId":7483,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139207534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of the LMDZ model to the dynamic and thermodynamic properties of cyclogenesis in the tropical Atlantic Ocean and on the West African coast","authors":"Gueye Dame, Lahat Dieng Abdou, Deme Abdoulaye, Bamba Sylla Mouhamadou, Aziz Coly Abdou","doi":"10.5897/ajest2023.3222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/ajest2023.3222","url":null,"abstract":"The study's primary objective is to evaluate the LMDZ model's capacity to simulate the cyclogenesis process, interannual variability of cyclone activity, and associated processes in the tropical Atlantic, focusing on the West African coasts to the central tropical Atlantic region. Two main approaches are used. Firstly, the model's ability to capture the interannual variability in Atlantic cyclogenesis activity is examined through seasonal mean. These seasonal average conditions were identified based on ERAI, along with years characterized by strong and low cyclonic activities. Secondly, a more descriptive approach is undertaken, involving the spatiotemporal monitoring of the Hurricane Karl, which originated near the Cape Verdean coasts on September 16th, 2004, until its dissipation. Horizontal sections of the tropospheric layers most sensitive to the cyclonic phenomenon are used to comprehensively track its progress. The results show a significant variability of cyclonic activity in the tropical Atlantic at different time scales, indicating that the period from July to September and the region along the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) are favorable for tropical cyclogenesis. It also revealed that the years of high cyclonic activity are mainly characterized by low sea level pressure, strong 850 hPa relative vorticity, high 700 hPa relative humidity, and strong 200 hPa divergence anomalies, whereas the opposite is observed during the low activity years. The LMDZ model performs well in reproducing cyclonic parameters from the surface to the upper troposphere with mean absolute errors being less important from the surface (11%) to the high troposphere (17%). At the synoptic scale, the model accurately replicates hurricane characteristics, including intensity categories, spatial distribution, and trajectories. However, it falls short in accurately representing the genesis phase, such as tropical depression.","PeriodicalId":7483,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology","volume":"93 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139208084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An evaluation of the performance of imputation methods for missing meteorological data in Burkina Faso and Senegal","authors":"Diouf Semou, Deme Abdoulaye, Hadji Deme El, Fall Papa, Diouf Ibrahima","doi":"10.5897/ajest2023.3221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/ajest2023.3221","url":null,"abstract":"Addressing data incompleteness issues is crucial for reliable climate studies, especially in regions like Africa that commonly experience data gaps. This study aims to evaluate the performance of five imputation methods (knn, ppca, mice, imputeTS, and missForest) on meteorological data from stations in Burkina Faso and Senegal. The imputed data is compared with ERA5 reanalysis data to validate its accuracy. Temperature, relative humidity, and precipitation observations from the GSOD dataset (1973-2020) were used, creating subsets with missing rates of 5, 10, 20, 30 and 40%. An evaluation was conducted using the Taylor diagram and Kling-Gupta Efficiency (KGE). The results show a good estimation of temperature and relative humidity time series, with missForest performing the best for handling missing values. Precipitation estimation was less accurate, but there was strong agreement between estimated and observed data. ImputeTS was recommended for precipitation. Spatial consistency between imputed data and ERA5 reanalysis products was found. This research improves the quality of meteorological data, provides essential information about climatic characteristics, and serves as a foundation for climate change and weather modeling studies.   Key words: Meteorological data, imputation methods, Senegal, Burkina Faso.","PeriodicalId":7483,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology","volume":"79 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135976856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of Bacillus subtilis 34 and soil conditioner for promoting growth in okra plants","authors":"Josiane Martins Maria, Cassia Ferreira Ribeiro Regina, Martins Alves Renato, Augusto Rodrigues Matrangolo Carlos, Gracielly de Almeida Souza Lorena, Aparecida Xavier Adelica, Rodrigues dos Santos Silvanio, Carolyne Cardoso Batista Isabelle, Oliveira Santos Isabela, Isabelle Chaves Neves Dayane, Hiydu Mizobutsi Edson, Souza Nascimento Santos Helena","doi":"10.5897/ajest2023.3225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/ajest2023.3225","url":null,"abstract":"Spatial and temporal distribution of water resources is uneven in arid and semiarid regions, consequently affecting the growth and production of vegetables, mainly when combined with high temperatures. Therefore, improving water use efficiency is an urgent issue for growing crops in regions with such characteristics. The use of cellulose-based water retainer polymers combined with growth-promoting rhizobacteria can induce the plant tolerance to water deficit and promote plant growth. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the combined application of Bacillus subtilis isolate 34 and a cellulose-based water-retaining polymer (WRP) on the growth of okra plants. B. subtilis-34 was grown in a rice culture medium with and without WRP. A greenhouse experiment was conducted in a randomized block design with four treatments (B. subtilis-34 + WRP, B. subtilis-34, WRP, and control) and eight replications. No significant difference was found for growth of B. subtilis-34 in rice culture medium with and without WRP (p?0.05). All analyzed variables in okra plants subjected to application of B. subtilis-34 + WRP (p?0.05) showed higher results. The combined application of B. subtilis-34 and WRP promoted higher development of okra plants.   Key words: Abelmoschus esculentus, rhizobacteria, sustainability, water-retaining polymer.","PeriodicalId":7483,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135976708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Water exploitation-induced climate change","authors":"Muhammad Adel Miah","doi":"10.5897/ajest2023.3177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/ajest2023.3177","url":null,"abstract":"Downstream countries can experience a range of direct, indirect, and feedback effects from upstream water piracy. These consequences can range from economic decline due to decreased availability of water for agriculture and fisheries, to the disruption of ecosystems from alterations to water flows and ecosystems, to the potential for political tensions that arise due to unequal access to water resources. The upstream country backs the downstream country's government to serve its own interests. The loss of the heat-storing water medium of the Aral Sea due to the former Soviet Union pirating water from the basin's feeding rivers for cotton production has resulted in warmer summers and cooler winters in the region than before. India is turning the basins of the Ganges and the Teesta into another Aral Sea basin, while deluging the basins with recurrent floods through the sudden release of water from the Farakka and Teesta barrages, and other trans-border river barrages. India's threat to revoke the more than six-decade-old Indus River water treaty has put Pakistan at a severe disadvantage, as extreme climatic events and an increase in irrigation progression have been linked to an increase in lightning-related fatalities. Some Nobel Laureate Professors have mistakenly identified energy insolvency as the cause of water piracy amid the competing plans of building dams and barrages by India and China, which threatens to turn the lower Brahmaputra and Mekong basins into another Aral Sea-like disaster Climatologists should soon embark on a holistic study of CO2 emissions and surface water exploitation in order to keep the planet livable, and use water for necessity rather than greed.   Key words: Water piracy, Aral Sea, Ganges, Teesta, Brahmaputra, Indus, Mekong, Indus water treaty, CO2, Bangladesh, Farakka Barrage, Teesta Barrage, dams, barrages.","PeriodicalId":7483,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135127196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Degradation of chlorantraniliprole by photocatalysis of supported titanium dioxide: Effect of operating parameters","authors":"Kossonou Roland N'GUETTIA, Moussa DIARRA, Baba Donafologo SORO, Kouassi Narcisse ABOUA, Bertrand GOMBERT, Karim Sory TRAORE","doi":"10.5897/ajest2022.3157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/ajest2022.3157","url":null,"abstract":"The rinsing of sprayers after the phytosanitary treatment of agricultural plots generates waste water, which is discharged without prior treatment into aquatic environments. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of a supported photocatalytic process for the degradation of chlorantraniliprole in an aqueous medium. Clay balls were made in the laboratory from 40 mL of ultrapure water added to 100 g of clay powder to obtain a homogeneous paste. Beads were made and dried at 105°C for 24 h and then baked at 550°C in the oven to make them water-resistant. They were soaked in a 10 g/L ethanol solution of TiO2 for 24 h, then calcined at 400°C. The photocatalysis experiments were carried out with 50 ml reactors containing 40 g of beads under sunlight in a humid tropical zone for 300 min. The results showed a decrease in the concentration of chlorantraniliprole 500 µg/L under theses experimental conditions. The degradation of this insecticide is significantly improved by increasing the clay mass at pH = 6 for a concentration of 500 µg/L. In addition, the application of this photocatalytic process on environmental matrices showed that this process was effective for the depollution of drinking water and river water. The beads were reused for all experiments by recycling them by calcination at 400°C.   Key words: Chlorantraniliprole, supported titanium dioxide, clay beads, aqueous medium.","PeriodicalId":7483,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135127197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An exploratory study of the impact of commingled biochar on removal of total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) from crude oil polluted soil","authors":"Hogan Itam Daniel, Hogan Itam Ako, N. Udeh, Ugwoha Ejikeme","doi":"10.5897/ajest2023.3200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/ajest2023.3200","url":null,"abstract":".","PeriodicalId":7483,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology","volume":"87 13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84035662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tree diversity and carbon stock in urban area of Senegal and their implications to human health and well-being","authors":"Niang Fatimata, Bâ-Fall Khadidiatou, Diop Fatoumata, Anta Fall Fatou, Abou Diallo Hadji, T. Mamadou, Sambou Simon, Danièle Dieng Sara","doi":"10.5897/ajest2023.3188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/ajest2023.3188","url":null,"abstract":"Urban green spaces (UGSs) have become essential to meet environmental requirements and improve the quality of life of inhabitants thanks to their role on air pollution, heat islands and climate change. The aim of this study was to characterize the biological diversity of UGSs in the commune of Fann Point E Amitié and their importance for human health. A floristic inventory was carried out to assess tree diversity in these UGSs, and mapping combined with an allometric model was used to estimate carbon stocks. Surveys were also carried out to gather residents' perceptions of the contribution of UGSs to health and well-being. A total of 509 trees, belonging to 55 species and 50 genera, were surveyed. The total quantity of carbon for the whole municipality is estimated at 21.16 tons. Almost all those surveyed recognized the importance of UGSs for a variety of reasons, but the main one was their positive impact on health and relaxation. These results show that beyond the beauty of their landscape, UGSs should be perceived through their role in biodiversity conservation thanks to the number of species they host, in climate change mitigation thanks to the carbon sequestration by trees, and their role in human health.","PeriodicalId":7483,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology","volume":"115 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76456032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of acid pre-treatment and two-stage oxygen-assisted fermentation on the production of vinegar from lignocellulose biomass peel of pineapple","authors":"Nyuykongi Meldrade, Agwanande Ambindei Wilson, Pride Ndasi Ngwasiri, M. Ngwa, Benoit Ngassoum Martin, Jong Emmanuel","doi":"10.5897/ajest2023.3203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/ajest2023.3203","url":null,"abstract":"The valorization of lignocellulosic waste stands as a promising avenue to bolster sustainable food production and consumption within a circular economy framework. This study centered on the production of vinegar from pineapple peels through a two-stage fermentation process aided by oxygen. The pineapple peels underwent sorting, washing, drying, and subsequent grinding into a powder. This powder was subjected to hydrolysis using dilute sulphuric acid, followed by primary alcoholic fermentation utilizing Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The resulting fermented must was then subjected to oxidation in a second stage, facilitated by Acetobacter aceti, with varying concentrations of oxygen. A central composite design involving three factors, fermentation time, bacteria inoculum, and oxygen was employed to investigate the impact of these process parameters on the physicochemical attributes (pH, specific gravity, total soluble solids, titratable acidity) and the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) of the produced vinegar. The acid hydrolysis phase led to a notable rise in total soluble sugars (6 to 11.5 oBrix) and glucose concentration (300 to 580 mg/dL). Primary fermentation resulted in significant reductions in pH (7.02 to 5.38), total soluble solids (11.5 to 6 oBrix), and glucose concentration (580 to 62 mg/dL), accompanied by marked increases in titratable acidity (g/100 ml) and alcohol content (0.6 to 7%). The volume of oxygen demonstrated significant effects on acetic acid content, pH, and specific gravity, with the highest values (4.68 g/100 ml, 4.02, and 1.004, respectively) achieved at the maximum oxygen volume of 100 ml. The FRAP values ranged from 16.7 to 24.97 mg Fe2+ / mg, with the sample lacking oxygen displaying the highest FRAP. Furthermore, fermentation time and bacteria inoculum exerted significant effects on acetic acid content, with an optimal value of 4.43 g/100 ml. Interaction between bacteria inoculum, oxygen volume, and fermentation time also had significant effects on specific gravity.","PeriodicalId":7483,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85545257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of climate variability modes on trend and interannual variability of sea level near the West African coast","authors":"Dièye Arame, Ali Sow Bamol, Boubacar Dieng Habib, Marchesiello Patrick, Descroix Luc","doi":"10.5897/ajest2022.3173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/ajest2022.3173","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7483,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89678743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}