African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology最新文献

{"title":"Behavioural communication change for empowering small-scale farmers in addressing climate change: Perceptions, mitigation and adaptation strategies","authors":"Opande Thomas, Olago Daniel","doi":"10.5897/ajest2023.3252","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/ajest2023.3252","url":null,"abstract":"Climate change poses a serious threat to Kenya's food security, necessitating immediate and steadfast attention to the development and implementation of comprehensive climate risk management and adaptation strategies at both the national and sub-national levels. This study is a crucial undertaking that utilizes the direct knowledge and experiences of farmers in Kisumu, Kenya, to tackle important problems necessary for the effective implementation of strong climate change frameworks in the country. Its focus is to encourage small-scale farmers to adapt and mitigate and to undertake proactive measures to avoid maladaptation food insecurity scenarios. This study highlights major insights by utilizing a combination of content analysis, focus group discussions, and a thorough comparison of results with vast secondary data covering weather patterns from 1988 to 2017. The findings reveal a clear truth, although farmers are aware of the long-term changes in climatic factors, such as temperature variations and shifts in rainfall patterns, they find it difficult to accurately connect these changes with the broader idea of climate change. Notwithstanding this consciousness, farmers struggle with the hazards presented by climate variability and catastrophic weather occurrences without strong measures in response. While some farmers occasionally modify their farming operations both on and off the pitch, these adjustments are mainly reactive rather than proactive responses to climate change. These measures include adjusted planting and harvesting timetables, the cultivation of resilient crops, the adoption of agroforestry practices, occasional migrations to urban areas, and the dependence on remittances from external sources. These strategies are implemented as temporary alternatives to cope with the negative effects of climate change. This study emphasizes the necessity for proactive policy actions to address climate change, urging strong frameworks to manage and adapt to risks within the African context. Kenya's food security situation underscores the urgent need for practical, proactive initiatives.","PeriodicalId":7483,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140359786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reusing polyethylene terephthalate bottles (PETBs) for sealing panels manufacturing: The influence of bottle types on their thermal performance","authors":"Alonso Pippo Walfrido, Dario Gomez Araujo Ivan, Hideo Ando Junior Oswaldo, Ari Fiamonzini Luciano","doi":"10.5897/ajest2023.3251","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/ajest2023.3251","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to investigate the influence of PET bottle type used during PET panel manufacturing on their thermal performance. Used PETBs are an increasing threat to the environment. Plastic wastes cause air pollution, and water and soil contamination. Nowadays, vast amounts of such waste are unsafely disposed of in Brazil. The reuse of PETBs for PET panel manufacturing may contribute to minimizing or eliminating their recycling costs and reduce solid waste pollution. The classification and characterization of the most frequently commercialized PETBs were carried out. A PET panel prototype, adjustable to the PETB types most commonly used in Brazil, was designed and built. The influence of PETB type on PET panels' thermal performance was evaluated by measuring the PET panel prototype's equivalent thermal resistance with an unfilled air chamber and with the air chamber filled with 5, 2-, 1, and 0.5-L PETBs, respectively. The null hypothesis, which corresponds to the equal variability between the equivalent thermal resistance for the filled and unfilled PET panel prototype's air chamber, was tested. F-tests were used. The Null hypothesis for 5-L PETB may be accepted and rejected for 2-, 1, and 0.5-L PETBs. The thermal transmittance of PETB panels manufactured with all PETB types included in this work meets the requirements established by law for any Brazilian bioclimatic subzone.","PeriodicalId":7483,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology","volume":"9 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140413436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of waste vehicle tyres incineration and heavy metals contamination of soil in some locations in Lafia, Nasarawa State","authors":"Ikwebe Joseph, David Bando Christopher","doi":"10.5897/ajest2023.3233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/ajest2023.3233","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7483,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology","volume":"37 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139591112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Revitalizing maize production through managing biological N fixation, soil acidification and nitrous oxide emission from legumes in tropics","authors":"Markos Daniel, Yoseph Tarekegn","doi":"10.5897/ajest2023.3245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/ajest2023.3245","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7483,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology","volume":"49 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139591009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An assessment of health care waste generation rates in public, faith-based and private health facilities in Douala, Littoral Region of Cameron","authors":"E. K. Noela, E. M. Veronica","doi":"10.5897/ajest2023.3243","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/ajest2023.3243","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7483,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology","volume":"31 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139590918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Possible human health risk of selected heavy metals mobility from municipal waste compost amended agricultural soil","authors":"Bolaji Tomori Wasiu, Oluwasiji Olorunfemi Kehinde, Olanrewaju Onibon Vincent, Oyelekan Oyewunmi Tolulope","doi":"10.5897/ajest2023.3216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/ajest2023.3216","url":null,"abstract":"Use of organic compost in soil amendment in agricultural practice may tend to transfer heavy metals and can be a health concern. This study aims to investigate the possible mobilization of selected heavy metals from municipal compost amended soil. Experimental plots (250 m 2 ) were divided into four equal portions and alternate portions were amended with municipal compost and left for 5 weeks. Soil physicochemical characteristics for compost, compost amended soil, and unamended soil were obtained by standard procedures, single extraction was obtained by diethylenetriamine penta acetic acid (DTPA) protocol, and the geochemical forms were obtained by Bureau Community of Reference (BCR) sequential extraction method. The extracts were analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (Buck Scientific Model 210). In this study, the amendment of soil with compost resulted in significant changes in various physico-chemical properties, with notable percentage increases: pH (16.72%), electrical conductivity (EC, 1509.63%), organic carbon (OC, 100.24%), organic matter (OM, 24.43%), organic nitrogen (ON, 24.41%), potassium (K, 1950.63%), sodium (Na, 325.03%), calcium (Ca, 67.93%), and magnesium (Mg, 112.92%). Although, the concentrations of metals were marginally altered by amendments, the study has revealed soil amendment with organic compost a potential source of heavy metals in diet.","PeriodicalId":7483,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology","volume":"106 20","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139133606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geospatial assessment of land surface temperature in Owo Forest Reserve Area, Ondo State Nigeria","authors":"V. A. Ijaware","doi":"10.5897/ajest2023.3236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/ajest2023.3236","url":null,"abstract":"Nigeria forest reserves acts as the last succour for the entire citizenry and also have significant contributions to her economy. This study was intended at assessing the Land Surface Temperature (LST) in Owo Forest Reserve Area (FRA) with a view for sustainable forest management. The objectives set for the research includes: (i.) assessing the vegetation changes in Owo FRA, (ii.) evaluate the LST and (iii.) relate changes in vegetation cover to LST to ascertain whether the observed difference in vegetation cover have noticeable effect and contribution to LST values obtained in Owo FRA. Recorded spatial coordinates of selected points constitute the primary data while the secondary data includes: Operational Landsat Imager, Enhanced Thematic Mapper, and Thematic Mapper of different years (1991, 2002, 2014 and 2020). Specifically, thermal bands of Landsat image and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index were utilized for mapping the LST. Various data acquired was processed and predicted to 2030 using Markov chain model. The results obtained showed that dense and moderate vegetation has been decreasing while non vegetation and sparse vegetation also increased for the period of studies. Again, the results garnered from 1991 to 2020 revealed that areas with vegetation (Dense, moderate and sparse) had low LST values as the forecast LST for the year 2030 are in the purview of 31.33°C(minimum) and 38.29°C (maximum). The research recommends significant increase in the rate of tree planting and preserving green areas to mitigate upsurge of LST while upholding the tenacity of laws guiding illegal logging.","PeriodicalId":7483,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology","volume":"63 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139131042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Groundwater quality assessment and human health risks in Ovitoto, Otjozondjupa Region, Namibia","authors":"Mwatukange Priskila, Naomab Erold, Rafiu Awofolu Omotayo","doi":"10.5897/ajest2023.3237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/ajest2023.3237","url":null,"abstract":".","PeriodicalId":7483,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology","volume":" 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139136317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The application of composting materials to degrade polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon on oil field drill cuttings","authors":"Allagoa Mary","doi":"10.5897/ajest2023.3218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/ajest2023.3218","url":null,"abstract":"The potential effects of using poultry droppings and mushroom substrate, either alone or in combination, as amendments or nutrient supplements for hydrocarbon biodegradation were investigated in this study. The rates of biodegradation of drill cuttings were studied over remediation periods of 4 and 8 weeks under laboratory conditions. The concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in untreated drill cuttings, spent mushroom substrate, and poultry manure were 18.464, 13.29, and 19.59 mg kg -1 , respectively. The first-order empirical model was employed to predict changes in hydrocarbon concentrations. Subsequently, Biodegradation Efficiency (BDE), Diagnostic Ratio, and Toxicity Equivalent Factor (TEF) were determined. Analysis of the empirical data revealed a highly statistically significant difference in PAHs at 8 weeks due to the amendment. Notably, spent mushroom substrate (SMS) exhibited better performance on its own compared to animal waste (poultry droppings). However, a combination of poultry droppings and SMS (4:1:1) resulted in higher values of BDE. Diagnostic ratios calculated indicated that PAHs originated from both combustion and anthropogenic sources. TEF demonstrated a reduction in value from 4 to 8 weeks, with the 14 individual PAHs investigated showing a 50% reduction in fluoranthene. Conversely, the biodegradation rate constants obtained were higher with lower half-life times for the various amendments using plant and animal-source organic wastes, either alone or in combinations.","PeriodicalId":7483,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139207534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of the LMDZ model to the dynamic and thermodynamic properties of cyclogenesis in the tropical Atlantic Ocean and on the West African coast","authors":"Gueye Dame, Lahat Dieng Abdou, Deme Abdoulaye, Bamba Sylla Mouhamadou, Aziz Coly Abdou","doi":"10.5897/ajest2023.3222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/ajest2023.3222","url":null,"abstract":"The study's primary objective is to evaluate the LMDZ model's capacity to simulate the cyclogenesis process, interannual variability of cyclone activity, and associated processes in the tropical Atlantic, focusing on the West African coasts to the central tropical Atlantic region. Two main approaches are used. Firstly, the model's ability to capture the interannual variability in Atlantic cyclogenesis activity is examined through seasonal mean. These seasonal average conditions were identified based on ERAI, along with years characterized by strong and low cyclonic activities. Secondly, a more descriptive approach is undertaken, involving the spatiotemporal monitoring of the Hurricane Karl, which originated near the Cape Verdean coasts on September 16th, 2004, until its dissipation. Horizontal sections of the tropospheric layers most sensitive to the cyclonic phenomenon are used to comprehensively track its progress. The results show a significant variability of cyclonic activity in the tropical Atlantic at different time scales, indicating that the period from July to September and the region along the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) are favorable for tropical cyclogenesis. It also revealed that the years of high cyclonic activity are mainly characterized by low sea level pressure, strong 850 hPa relative vorticity, high 700 hPa relative humidity, and strong 200 hPa divergence anomalies, whereas the opposite is observed during the low activity years. The LMDZ model performs well in reproducing cyclonic parameters from the surface to the upper troposphere with mean absolute errors being less important from the surface (11%) to the high troposphere (17%). At the synoptic scale, the model accurately replicates hurricane characteristics, including intensity categories, spatial distribution, and trajectories. However, it falls short in accurately representing the genesis phase, such as tropical depression.","PeriodicalId":7483,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology","volume":"93 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139208084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}