Advances in Therapy最新文献

{"title":"Obstructive Sleep Apnea: An Evolving Therapeutic Landscape with an Emerging Role for Incretin-Based Therapies.","authors":"Bolong Xu, Kaveh Gaynor-Sodeifi, Vaishnavi Kundel","doi":"10.1007/s12325-025-03312-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12325-025-03312-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common sleep-related breathing disorder characterized by repetitive collapse of the upper airway during sleep, resulting in intermittent hypoxemia and sleep fragmentation. OSA is a highly prevalent condition, strongly associated with obesity and linked to an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. While traditional therapies such as positive airway pressure (PAP) devices are effective in treating OSA and alleviating daytime symptoms, they are often not well tolerated and have limited impact on long-term cardiovascular outcomes. As our understanding of the heterogenous factors driving OSA advances, novel therapies targeting specific physiological traits-such as arousal threshold, ventilatory instability, and upper airway muscle responsiveness-are being actively explored, with a promise to expand our therapeutic arsenal. Notably, the recent approval of tirzepatide for the treatment of obesity-related OSA marks a significant milestone in this evolving therapeutic landscape. This incretin-based drug, previously approved for diabetes and obesity management, offers dual benefits, promoting weight loss and improving OSA severity and symptoms. Given this therapeutic evolution in the OSA landscape over the last decade, this review provides a comprehensive overview of the current and emerging treatment strategies for personalized OSA management, with a particular emphasis on the growing role and promise of incretin-based therapies.</p>","PeriodicalId":7482,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Therapy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12305468/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144688594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"When Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia Is Diagnosed in Utero: Insights from Two Families.","authors":"Israel Amirav, Moria Beer, Dorit Redlich Amirav, Moran Lavie","doi":"10.1007/s12325-025-03298-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12325-025-03298-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a rare genetic disorder affecting ciliary function, leading to chronic respiratory ilness. Prenatal diagnosis remains uncommon, with most cases identified postnatally through clinical symptoms and genetic testing. However, advancements in prenatal screening have enabled earlier detection, presenting parents with complex medical and ethical dilemmas. This study explores parental decision-making following such a diagnosis, identifying key influencing factors and highlighting the role of healthcare providers in offering informed guidance.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A qualitative approach was used to analyze the experiences of two families facing a prenatal PCD diagnosis. Semi-structured interviews were conducted and analyzed using Braun & Clarke's thematic framework. Discussions with families focused on their concerns, reasoning, and ultimate choices.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Five key themes emerged: (1) trust in doctors-parental decisions were strongly influenced by medical professionals' guidance; (2) quality of life-families considered both the child's well-being and the impact on existing family dynamics; (3) fertility concerns-reproductive opportunities influenced urgency in decision-making; (4) imagined future-parents weighed the long-term implications of raising a child with PCD; (5) spiritual resources-cultural and spiritual beliefs provided emotional support.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Parental decision-making following a prenatal PCD diagnosis is multifaceted, shaped by medical, emotional, and ethical considerations. Our findings underscore the need for healthcare providers to offer comprehensive, individualized counseling that balances clinical expertise with empathetic support, empowering parents to make informed choices.</p>","PeriodicalId":7482,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Therapy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144688596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ixekizumab Improves Signs, Symptoms, and Quality of Life in Patients with Axial Spondyloarthritis Irrespective of Symptom Duration.","authors":"Victoria Navarro-Compán, John D Reveille, Proton Rahman, José A Maldonado-Cocco, Marina Magrey, Rebecca Bolce, Tommaso Panni, Andris Kronbergs, Martin Rudwaleit","doi":"10.1007/s12325-025-03305-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12325-025-03305-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The objective of this study was to assess treatment response to ixekizumab, an interleukin-17A antagonist, by shorter versus longer symptom duration (< 5 years vs. ≥ 5 years) in patients with radiographic axial spondyloarthritis (r-axSpA) and non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis (nr-axSpA) up to 52 weeks.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This post hoc analysis used data from three randomized, placebo-controlled trials including patients with r-axSpA from COAST-V [biologic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug (bDMARD)-naïve] and COAST-W (tumor necrosis factor inhibitor-experienced) and patients with nr-axSpA from COAST-X (bDMARD-naïve). Patients received ixekizumab (80 mg every 2 or 4 weeks) or placebo through Week 16 and ixekizumab to Week 52. Assessments included the Assessment in SpondyloArthritis international Society 40% improvement (ASAS40) and Axial Spondyloarthritis Disease Activity Score (ASDAS) low disease activity [LDA (< 2.1)] and Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index 50% improvement (BASDAI50) response rates through Week 52 and change from baseline in 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) Physical Component Summary (PCS) at Week 16.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fewer patients treated with ixekizumab (pooled dosing) had shorter versus longer symptom duration [n = 33 vs. n = 306 (r-axSpA); n = 73 vs. n = 111 (nr-axSpA)]. Ixekizumab-treated patients with shorter versus longer symptom duration had numerically higher response rates at Week 16/Week 52 for ASAS40 [51.5/60.6 vs. 36.9/40.5 (r-axSpA); 42.5/54.8 vs. 36.0/41.4 (nr-axSpA)], ASDAS LDA [39.4/48.5 vs. 27.5/35.6 (r-axSpA); 32.9/49.3 vs. 27.9/36.9 (nr-axSpA)], and BASDAI50 [42.4/54.5 vs. 31.4/36.6 (r-axSpA); 38.4/49.3 vs. 27.9/34.2 (nr-axSpA)]. However, relative risk ratios at Week 16 did not significantly favor the shorter duration subgroup. Findings were comparable for SF-36 PCS at Week 16. The present findings should be interpreted in the context of small numbers of patients in some shorter duration subgroups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Ixekizumab was shown to be efficacious in both patients with shorter or longer symptom duration and in r-axSpA or nr-axSpA.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>ClinicalTrials.gov Identifiers, NCT02696785; NCT02696798; NCT02757352.</p>","PeriodicalId":7482,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Therapy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144688593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bleeding-Related Hospitalizations Among Direct Oral Anticoagulant Users and Nonusers in Medicare Fee-For-Service: Variation in Prevalence, Burden, and Characteristics.","authors":"Carol M Bazell, Maggie N Alston, Latha G Ganti, Raymond C Chang, H Andrew Wilsey, Stephanie A Leary, Winston C Fopalan, Christopher W Baugh","doi":"10.1007/s12325-025-03287-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12325-025-03287-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Bleeding-related hospitalizations represent a major burden for patients and the US healthcare system. Anticoagulant therapies pose a greater risk for bleeding, especially among the older Medicare population. Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) have become the most common type of oral anticoagulant used in Medicare due to their clinical advantages. This descriptive study examines the burden of bleeding-related hospitalizations among DOAC users and nonusers (with no evidence of anticoagulant or antiplatelet use) in Medicare fee-for-service (FFS).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was an observational retrospective cohort study of bleeding-related hospitalizations in Medicare FFS using the 2020-2022 Medicare 100% Research Identifiable Files. We used 2020-2021 pharmacy claims to classify beneficiaries into DOAC user and nonuser cohorts and 2021-2022 healthcare administrative claims to identify demographics, bleeding-related hospitalization characteristics, and outcomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 18.4 million Medicare FFS beneficiaries who met the study's enrollment requirements, 9.3% were assigned to the DOAC user cohort, 81.5% were assigned to the nonuser cohort, and 9.1% were excluded (non-DOAC anticoagulant-only or prescription antiplatelet-only users). The bleeding-related hospitalization rate was four times higher in the DOAC user cohort compared to the nonuser cohort (27.5 and 6.7 per 1000 beneficiaries, respectively). Gastrointestinal bleeding was the most common bleed type leading to hospitalization in both DOAC user and nonuser cohorts (64.6% and 55.4%, respectively), followed by intracerebral hemorrhage (21.3% and 34.5%, respectively), and other types of bleeding (14.2% and 10.1%, respectively). Characteristics and outcomes were similar between cohorts, with variation largely related to bleeding type.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study demonstrated variations in use of DOACs and characteristics of bleeding-related hospitalizations and identified higher rates of bleeding-related hospitalizations among DOAC users compared to nonusers. Hospitalization characteristics and outcomes differed by bleeding type. These findings highlight the Medicare FFS burden of bleeding-related hospitalizations and opportunities for the improved detection and management of bleeding, particularly among DOAC users.</p>","PeriodicalId":7482,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Therapy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144688590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patient-Reported Psychosocial Burdens and Quality of Life and Work Productivity Impacts Among Patients with Clinically Distinct Alopecia Areata Severity Profiles.","authors":"Kent A Hanson, Jenny Austin, Nicola Clayton, Peter Anderson, Sergio Vano-Galvan, Simran Marwaha, Samantha K Kurosky, Alexandre Lejeune, James Piercy, Ernest H Law","doi":"10.1007/s12325-025-03302-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12325-025-03302-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Alopecia areata (AA) may negatively impact patient quality of life (QoL), disease perception, and work productivity. AA severity is not solely based on scalp hair loss; individuals with AA can experience psychosocial burdens, including emotional symptoms and activity limitations (ES/AL). Our objective was to identify discrete AA severity profiles and evaluate the association with patient-reported outcomes (PROs).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Dermatologist and patient surveys from the Alopecia Areata Disease Specific Programme in France, Germany, Italy, Spain, and the United Kingdom were analyzed. PRO instruments included the Alopecia Areata Patient Priority Outcomes (AAPPO), Work Productivity Activity Index-AA, Skindex-16 AA, Patient Satisfaction with Hair Growth (P-Sat), and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Latent class analysis identified distinct classes using the AAPPO hair loss, ES, and AL response options.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A 5-class model was selected. Each class exhibited distinct profiles based on patient-reported hair loss and ES/AL burden: (1) very mild hair loss, very mild ES/AL (n = 175); (2) mild hair loss, mild ES/AL (n = 165); (3) moderate hair loss, very severe ES/AL (n = 111); (4) severe hair loss, moderate ES/AL (n = 52); and (5) very severe hair loss, severe ES/AL (n = 33). Class 3 reported significantly more overall work impairment [β = 16.3 (95% CI, 7.8-24.7)] than class 1. Overall Skindex-16 AA scores were highest for class 3 [β = 38.7 (95% CI, 33.3-44.2)]. Class 3 reported significantly more HADS anxiety [β = 6.0 (95% CI, 4.9-7.0)] and depression [β = 5.7 (95% CI, 4.6-6.9)] than class 1. Across all P-Sat domains, class 5 reported the least satisfaction with therapy.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Generally, patients with more severe patient-reported hair loss and ES/AL had decreased QoL and satisfaction with care and greater work productivity impairment. Although class 3 had moderate patient-reported hair loss, patients experienced the most severe ES/AL burden, suggesting that AA impacts well-being and daily activities in patients with less extensive hair loss.</p>","PeriodicalId":7482,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Therapy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144673737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pharmacokinetics and Safety of Ripretinib in Participants with Hepatic Impairment: A Phase 1 Study.","authors":"Anna Papinska, Lakshmi Viswanathan, Qiang Lu, Farida Abane, Charles Psoinos, Rodrigo Ruiz-Soto","doi":"10.1007/s12325-025-03307-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12325-025-03307-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Ripretinib, an oral switch-control inhibitor of KIT tyrosine kinase and platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha kinase, is approved for adults with advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumor who received prior treatment with three or more kinase inhibitors, including imatinib. Ripretinib is metabolized into the equally active major metabolite DP-5439, a prominent component of total drug exposure in humans after oral administration. Ripretinib and DP-5439 undergo hepatic metabolism mainly via cytochrome P450 3A4. Therefore, exposure to ripretinib and/or DP-5439 may be affected in patients with hepatic impairment.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This is a phase 1, open-label study evaluating the pharmacokinetics and safety of ripretinib and DP-5439 in participants with varying degrees of hepatic impairment compared with matched healthy participants after a single oral 50-mg ripretinib dose.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mild hepatic impairment did not affect exposure to ripretinib and DP-5439. In participants with moderate and severe hepatic impairment, ripretinib exposure (area under the concentration-time curve) was 99% and 163% greater, respectively, compared with matched healthy participants, whereas DP-5439 exposure was approximately 20% greater in moderate and 44% lower in severe hepatic impairment. Exposure to combined ripretinib + DP-5439 was higher by approximately 51% and 37% in participants with moderate and severe hepatic impairment, respectively. No safety signals were identified.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>On the basis of the known safety profile of ripretinib, these increased ripretinib and combined ripretinib + DP-5439 exposures in participants with hepatic impairment are unlikely to be clinically relevant. Therefore, no dose adjustments are recommended for patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumor and hepatic impairment.</p>","PeriodicalId":7482,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Therapy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144666726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use of Patient-Reported Outcome Measures in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis in Spain and Barriers to Implementation: A Delphi Study.","authors":"Esteban Rubio, Mª José Moreno, Adela Gallego, Isabel Castrejón, Amelia Cobo, Sebastián Moyano, Marta Comellas","doi":"10.1007/s12325-025-03300-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12325-025-03300-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the pattern of use and barriers for implementation of patient-reported outcomes measures (PROMs) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in Spain.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Two-round Delphi study targeted at rheumatologists attending a PROMs training program and guided by a Scientific Committee composed of four expert rheumatologists was conducted. The survey assessed the current use, appropriateness, and feasibility of 7 PROMs proposed by the International Consortium for Health Outcomes Measurements (ICHOM). Barriers to implement PROMs in routine care were also explored. A 7-point Likert scale was used ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 7 (strongly agree). Consensus was established when > 75% reached agreement (rated 6-7 = agreement, or 1-2 = disagreement).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 39 rheumatologists of 120 (32%) participated {61.5% women; mean age 50.3 [standard deviation (SD) 11.0] years; mean 18.1 (9.6) years of experience; 23.1% running a RA clinic}. Although 82.1% of rheumatologists agreed on involving patients in shared decision-making (SDM), only 56.4% adopted SDM strategies in treatment decisions. A higher percentage (79.4%) agreed on the importance of incorporating PROMs, but only 28.2% recognized to use them in routine care, being the most frequently used pain on a visual analogue scale (VAS) (89.8%), the Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) (71.7%), and a VAS-fatigue (66.7%). The remaining proposed PROMs by ICHOM did not reach a consensus on either appropriateness or feasibility. The main barriers found included lack of time in consultation (84.6%) and the unavailability of PROMs platforms incorporated in the electronic medical records (87.9%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Spanish rheumatologists consider PROMs useful to guide SDM in routine care being the most frequently used pain, fatigue, and physical function. However, other domains proposed by ICHOM as health-related quality of life (HRQoL) or work/school productivity are not commonly used. Promoting the use of PROMs strategies, including optimizing consultation time and incorporating PROMs into electronic medical records, is necessary.</p>","PeriodicalId":7482,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Therapy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144658136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Real-World Evidence for Ixekizumab in the Treatment of Psoriasis, Psoriatic Arthritis, and Axial Spondyloarthritis: Systematic Literature Review 2022-2023.","authors":"Luis Puig, Philipp Sewerin, Christopher Schuster, Khai Jing Ng, Manny Papadimitropoulos, Sneha Gadagamma, Mercedes Nuñez, Anastasia Lampropoulou","doi":"10.1007/s12325-025-03258-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12325-025-03258-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To describe the results of a systematic literature review of real-world outcomes with ixekizumab in psoriasis (PsO), psoriatic arthritis (PsA), or axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Databases, conference proceedings, and additional sources were searched for real-world studies in ≥ 25 patients treated with ixekizumab for PsO, PsA, or axSpA. Data on clinical effectiveness, patient-reported outcomes, treatment patterns, safety, and economic burden were extracted.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 118 publications were included, 96 in PsO, 16 in PsA, 5 in both PsO and PsA, and 1 in axSpA. Most focused on clinical effectiveness and treatment patterns. Ixekizumab was effective in real-world settings, and the anti-interleukin (IL)-17A biologics were more effective for skin clearance than comparator biologics. Anti-IL-17A biologics were effective for challenging body areas (nails, scalp, genitals, palmoplantar regions), and ixekizumab was associated with a higher chance of obtaining Dermatology Life Quality Index scores of 0/1 than secukinumab or other biologics. Ixekizumab was associated with generally high persistence/drug survival. No unexpected safety signals were identified.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Real-world ixekizumab use for PsO and PsA is effective and safe, with a positive impact on patient quality of life. More data are needed to draw conclusions for real-world ixekizumab use in axSpA.</p>","PeriodicalId":7482,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Therapy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144658135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interferon in Liver Diseases: Recent Advances.","authors":"Yuting Gao, Yuhang Yin, Pengpeng Xie, Deyu Zhang, Hongyu Li, Xingshun Qi","doi":"10.1007/s12325-025-03291-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12325-025-03291-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Interferons (IFNs) are a pivotal class of cytokines with multifaceted roles in antiviral defense, immune regulation, and antitumor activity. Structural and functional distinctions among IFN types (I, II, and III) underlie their diverse biological effects. IFN production is initiated by pattern recognition receptor signaling, containing Toll-like receptors, RIG-I-like receptors, and the cGAS-STING axis, which activates downstream pathways, such as JAK-STAT, PI3K-AKT, NF-κB, and MAPK signaling pathways. These pathways critically influence the pathogenesis, progression, therapeutic management, and prognosis of liver diseases. This review delineates the mechanistic roles of IFN-associated signaling in viral hepatitis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, alcohol-associated liver disease, liver fibrosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. We further elucidate IFN-mediated regulatory networks in viral defense, metabolic dysregulation, immune responses, and inflammatory activation. By integrating these insights, the review provides a novel therapeutic direction to unravel context-specific IFN dynamics and address unmet needs in the management of liver diseases, thereby fostering personalized approaches to improve clinical outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":7482,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Therapy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144658134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy and Safety of TV-46000 and Second-Generation Long-Acting Injectable Antipsychotics for Schizophrenia: A Systematic Literature Review and Network Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.","authors":"Kelli R Franzenburg, Rolf Hansen, Mark Suett, Stephen F Thompson, Martin Sergerie, David Garcia, Howard C Margolese","doi":"10.1007/s12325-025-03274-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12325-025-03274-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>TV-46000 [once monthly (q1m) or once every 2 months (q2m)] is a subcutaneously administered long-acting injectable antipsychotic (LAI) formulation of risperidone for the treatment of schizophrenia in adults. As second-generation LAIs become available, understanding comparative efficacy and safety is needed.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We undertook a systematic literature review (SLR; January 1, 2020 to May 11, 2023) and network meta-analyses (NMAs) of randomized controlled clinical trials to compare the efficacy and safety of TV-46000 q1m and q2m with second-generation LAIs approved in Canada and used for treatment of schizophrenia [intramuscular aripiprazole monohydrate q1m, paliperidone palmitate q1m (PP1M), and paliperidone palmitate once every 3 months (PP3M)]. The primary efficacy outcome was relapse rate at 6 months, while safety outcomes were adverse event (AE)-related discontinuation, significant weight gain (≥ 7%), treatment-related AEs, and injection-site pain.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Sixty-one records from 24 studies were included in the SLR, and 6 were included in the NMAs. For the relapse rate at 6 months, all treatments were significantly better than placebo, with relative risks (RRs) ranging from 0.23 for TV-46000 q1m to 0.46 for PP1M 50-150 mg eq and no significant differences among LAIs. There were no significant differences between TV-46000 and either placebo or PP1M 25-100 mg eq for AE-related discontinuation. TV-46000 q1m, PP1M 25-100 mg eq, and TV-46000 q2m were significantly less likely to cause weight gain ≥ 7% than PP3M (RR: 0.09, 0.09, and 0.06, respectively) or PP1M 50-150 mg eq (0.08, 0.08, and 0.06, respectively). Treatment-related AEs were significantly less likely with PP1M 25-100 mg eq, TV-46000 q1m, and placebo than PP3M (RR: 0.48, 0.62, and 0.66, respectively). There were no significant differences in injection-site pain between groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>TV-46000 q1m and q2m demonstrated comparable efficacy and safety to second-generation LAIs approved in Canada and used for maintenance treatment of schizophrenia.</p>","PeriodicalId":7482,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Therapy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144641533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}