{"title":"An Overview of Social Media within APLAR Rheumatology Societies.","authors":"Himantha Atukorale","doi":"10.2478/rir-2022-0029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/rir-2022-0029","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rheumatology societies within the Asia Pacific League of Associations for Rheumatology (APLAR) serve a diverse community under challenging circumstances. The Asia-Pacific region is home to one of the fastest-growing social media populations. A survey was carried out to assess the status of these rheumatology societies' official social media platforms. An authentic source of patient information is the need of the hour in the era of digital therapeutics. Going forwards, APLAR should guide societies to establish reliable social media platforms.</p>","PeriodicalId":74736,"journal":{"name":"Rheumatology and immunology research","volume":"3 4","pages":"160-162"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/c0/0f/rir-03-160.PMC9984927.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9424475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Successful Treatment with Bortezomib for Refractory Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura Associated with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.","authors":"Ruyu Yan, Shuang Zhou, Jinuo Wang, Huaxia Yang","doi":"10.2478/rir-2022-0036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/rir-2022-0036","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is a life- threatening disease that can be secondary to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The fist- line treatments of TTP are steroid, immunosuppressor and plasm exchange (PE). However, some patients may have a poor response to these treatments. Bortezomib is a selective proteasome inhibitor and widely used to treat patients with multiple myeloma (MM). In recent years, bortezomib has been used to treat patients with refractory TTP. Here we report a patient with refractory TTP associated with SLE and had a successful treatment with bortezomib.</p>","PeriodicalId":74736,"journal":{"name":"Rheumatology and immunology research","volume":"3 4","pages":"208-210"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/96/4d/rir-03-208.PMC9984934.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10861145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ke Rui, Ziwei Shen, Na Peng, Futao Zhao, Yuan Tang, Shiyi Liu, Xinyi Xu, Chang Liu, Ling Wu, Jie Tian, Liwei Lu
{"title":"Olfactory Ecto-mesenchymal Stem Cell-derived Exosomes Ameliorate Murine Sjögren's Syndrome via Suppressing Tfh Cell Response.","authors":"Ke Rui, Ziwei Shen, Na Peng, Futao Zhao, Yuan Tang, Shiyi Liu, Xinyi Xu, Chang Liu, Ling Wu, Jie Tian, Liwei Lu","doi":"10.2478/rir-2022-0035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/rir-2022-0035","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To investigate the effect of olfactory ecto-mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (OE-MSC-Exos) on T follicular helper (Tfh) cell response and their implication in treating experimental Sjögrens syndrome (ESS).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>C57BL/6 mice were immunized with salivary glands (SG) proteins to induce ESS mouse model. OE-MSC-Exos were added to the Tfh cell polarization condition, and the proportion of Tfh cells was detected by FCM. The PD-L1 of OE-MSCs was silenced with small interfering RNA to extract siPD-L1-OE-MSC-Exos.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found that transfer of OE-MSC-Exos markedly attenuated disease progression and reduced Tfh cell response in mice with ESS. In culture, OE-MSC-Exos potently inhibited the differentiation of Tfh cells from naïve T cells. Moreover, OE-MSC-Exos expressed high level of the ligand for the programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-L1), knocking down PD-L1 expression in OE-MSC-Exos significantly decreased their capacity to suppress Tfh cell differentiation in vitro. Consistently, transfer of OE-MSC-Exos with PD-L1 knockdown exhibited profoundly diminished therapeutic effect in ESS mice, accompanied with sustained Tfh cell response and high levels of autoantibody production.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our results suggest that OE-MSC-Exos may exert their therapeutic effect in ameliorating ESS progression via suppressing Tfh cell response in a PD-L1-dependent manner.</p>","PeriodicalId":74736,"journal":{"name":"Rheumatology and immunology research","volume":"3 4","pages":"198-207"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/48/da/rir-03-198.PMC9984929.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9424479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marriam Hussain Awan, Saba Samreen, Babur Salim, Haris Gul, Shahida Perveen, Amjad Nasim
{"title":"Corona Virus Disease-19 Vaccine-associated Autoimmune Disorders.","authors":"Marriam Hussain Awan, Saba Samreen, Babur Salim, Haris Gul, Shahida Perveen, Amjad Nasim","doi":"10.2478/rir-2022-0019","DOIUrl":"10.2478/rir-2022-0019","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Coronavirus disease is a highly infectious viral disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome virus (SARS nCoV2). It was declared a pandemic within a few months of identification of its index case. The spread of COVID-19 across the globe was rampant, overwhelming healthcare systems and crippling global economies. Since the world was caught off guard by the pandemic, vaccine programs had to be rolled out in emergency to curb its spread. Ten vaccines have been granted Emergency Use Authorization thus far. Much of the side effects we know today are post-marketing adverse effects. Most of them are mild like myalgia and injection-site reactions, but a few of them such as post-vaccination autoimmune diseases have alerted the medical community. These include vaccine-induced thrombotic thrombocytopenia, autoimmune hepatitis, myocarditis, and Graves' disease. We attempt to summarize the diverse autoimmune phenomena reported after COVID-19 vaccination, with an aim to sensitize the medical community so that they can be better equipped in management when confronted with these diseases. This review by no means refutes the potential benefit of COVID-19 vaccination which has consolidated its place in preventing infections and substantially reducing severity and mortality.</p>","PeriodicalId":74736,"journal":{"name":"Rheumatology and immunology research","volume":"3 3","pages":"111-119"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9895874/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10726530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Carlos de la Calle-Fabregat, Javier Rodríguez-Ubreva, Juan D Cañete, Esteban Ballestar
{"title":"Designing Studies for Epigenetic Biomarker Development in Autoimmune Rheumatic Diseases.","authors":"Carlos de la Calle-Fabregat, Javier Rodríguez-Ubreva, Juan D Cañete, Esteban Ballestar","doi":"10.2478/rir-2022-0018","DOIUrl":"10.2478/rir-2022-0018","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In just a few years, the number of epigenetic studies in autoimmune rheumatic and inflammatory diseases has greatly increased. This is in part due to the need of identifying additional determinants to genetics to explain the pathogenesis and development of these disorders. In this regard, epigenetics provides potential mechanisms that determine gene function, are linked to environmental factors, and could explain a wide range of phenotypic variability among patients with these diseases. Despite the high interest and number of studies describing epigenetic alterations under these conditions and exploring their relationship to various clinical aspects, few of the proposed biomarkers have yet reached clinical practice. The potential of epigenetic markers is high, as these alterations link measurable features with a number of biological traits. In the present article, we present published studies in the field, discuss some frequent limitations in the existing research, and propose a number of considerations that should be taken into account by those starting new projects in the field, with an aim to generate biomarkers that could make it into the clinics.</p>","PeriodicalId":74736,"journal":{"name":"Rheumatology and immunology research","volume":"3 3","pages":"103-110"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9895872/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10735010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Neutrophils in the Pathogenesis of Rheumatic Diseases.","authors":"Jia Tong Loh, Kong-Peng Lam","doi":"10.2478/rir-2022-0020","DOIUrl":"10.2478/rir-2022-0020","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rheumatic diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV), are a group of auto-inflammatory disorders associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. One unifying feature of these diseases is the presence of abnormal neutrophils exhibiting dysregulated neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) release, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, degranulation, and pro-inflammatory cytokines secretion. Moreover, the release of autoantigens associated with NETs promotes the generation of autoantibodies and a breakdown of self-tolerance, thereby perpetuating inflammation and tissue injury in these patients. In recent years, targeted therapies directed at neutrophilic effector functions have shown promising results in the management of rheumatic diseases. In this review, we will highlight the emerging roles of neutrophils in the onset and progression of rheumatic diseases, and further discuss current and future therapeutic approaches targeting the pathogenic functions of neutrophils, which can modulate inflammation and hence improve patients' survival and quality of life.</p>","PeriodicalId":74736,"journal":{"name":"Rheumatology and immunology research","volume":"3 3","pages":"120-127"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9895873/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10726534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"JAK/STAT Pathway Targeting in Primary Sjögren Syndrome.","authors":"Saviana Gandolfo, Francesco Ciccia","doi":"10.2478/rir-2022-0017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/rir-2022-0017","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) is an autoimmune systemic disease mainly affecting exocrine glands and resulting in disabling symptoms, as dry eye and dry mouth. Mechanisms underlying pSS pathogenesis are intricate, involving multiplanar and, at the same time, interlinked levels, e.g., genetic predisposition, epigenetic modifications and the dysregulation of both immune system and glandular-resident cellular pathways, mainly salivary gland epithelial cells. Unravelling the biological and molecular complexity of pSS is still a great challenge but much progress has been made in recent years in basic and translational research field, allowing the identification of potential novel targets for therapy development. Despite such promising novelties, however, none therapy has been specifically approved for pSS treatment until now. In recent years, growing evidence has supported the modulation of Janus kinases (JAK) - signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) pathways as treatment strategy immune mediated diseases. JAK-STAT pathway plays a crucial role in autoimmunity and systemic inflammation, being involved in signal pathways of many cytokines. This review aims to report the state-of-the-art about the role of JAK-STAT pathway in pSS, with particular focus on available research and clinical data regarding the use of JAK inhibitors in pSS.</p>","PeriodicalId":74736,"journal":{"name":"Rheumatology and immunology research","volume":"3 3","pages":"95-102"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9895869/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10726532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The ABC-associated Immunosenescence and Lifestyle Interventions in Autoimmune Disease.","authors":"Pinglang Ruan, Susu Wang, Ming Yang, Haijing Wu","doi":"10.2478/rir-2022-0021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/rir-2022-0021","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Aging-associated immune changes, termed immunosenescence, occur with impaired robust immune responses. This immune response is closely related to a greater risk of development of autoimmune disease (AID), which results in increased levels of autoantibodies and increased morbidity and mortality. In addition, lifestyle-related risk factors play a pivotal role in AID, which may be probable via senescence-related immune cell subsets. Age-associated B cell (ABC) subsets have been observed in those who have rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and multiple sclerosis (MS). Here, this review aims to highlight the mechanisms of ABCs with lifestyle interventions in AID, especially how immunosenescence affects the pathogenesis of AID and the future of aging-associated lifestyle interventions in immunosenescence of AID.</p>","PeriodicalId":74736,"journal":{"name":"Rheumatology and immunology research","volume":"3 3","pages":"128-135"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9895871/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10726535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Successful Treatment of a Patient with Rheumatoid Arthritis and Comorbid Multicentric Reticulohistiocytosis.","authors":"Fei Chang, Chanyuan Wu, Tao Wang, Qian Wang","doi":"10.2478/rir-2022-0023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/rir-2022-0023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Multicentric reticulohistiocytosis (MRH) is a rare disease of unknown pathogenesis, characterized by skin histiocytosis and destructive arthritis. The present study describes a 53-year-old woman who presented with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and MRH, which is a clinically rare entity. Diagnosis of MRH was based on nodule pathology. Meanwhile, the patient had typical arthritis, was positive for serum anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP) antibodies and synovitis confirmed by joint ultrasound, and was diagnosed with RA. Her symptoms resolved with glucocorticoids and methotrexate.</p>","PeriodicalId":74736,"journal":{"name":"Rheumatology and immunology research","volume":"3 3","pages":"143-146"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9895875/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10726529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}