Revista Colombiana de psiquiatria (English ed.)最新文献

{"title":"Mental Imagery: Investigating the Limits of Mental Partitioning","authors":"Antonios Theofilidis ,&nbsp;Maria-Valeria Karakasi ,&nbsp;Filippos Kargopoulos","doi":"10.1016/j.rcpeng.2024.10.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcpeng.2024.10.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Do we form mental models which bear an analogical relation to the real world like those of a photograph? Has the language of thought an analogue nature (it makes use of mental imagery) or whether it is exclusively of digital nature like language?</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>The basic aim of the present study is to contribute to the ongoing work on mental imagery by extending the research to an unexplored area that of mental partitioning.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The present research sample consisted of 498 participants (234 males and 264 females). We used the SPSS software package in order to analyze our data.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>According to our results, we detected significant peculiarities in the cognitive performance of the participants in the tasks of mental partitioning of the Moebius strip, indicating certain limitations inherent in human thinking.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The position we are led to adopt is closer to that of Pylyshyn (2003), who maintained that visual mental imagery depends on abstract form of thought and on previous knowledge. Specifically, it rests on previous abstract propositional thought and knowledge rather than on concrete perceptual processes like the ones proposed by Kosslyn and Sheppard. The present work investigates a potentially valuable theoretical basis in imagery research for understanding maladaptive imagery across various related clinical disorders, while encouraging multidisciplinary approaches among cognitive psychological/neuroscientific and clinical domains.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74702,"journal":{"name":"Revista Colombiana de psiquiatria (English ed.)","volume":"53 3","pages":"Pages 219-228"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142634352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Language Disorders Among Non-Disabled Children After Perinatal Asphyxia: A Cross Sectional Descriptive Study Using Neurolinguistic Approach","authors":"Fahmida Ferdous ,&nbsp;Dionéia Motta Monte-Serrat ,&nbsp;Shahryar Nabi ,&nbsp;MdFaruq Alam ,&nbsp;Jinat Imtiaz Ali ,&nbsp;Syed Shahrier Rahman","doi":"10.1016/j.rcpeng.2023.01.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcpeng.2023.01.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy after perinatal asphyxia causes neurolinguistic disturbances in children without disabilities. Poor academic performance appears as a long-term result. Language intervention is sought to reduce harmful effects on children. The aim of this study is showing the relationship between clinical conditions of hypoxic-ischemic-encephalopathy (HIE) and language disorders in children without disabilities. This cross-sectional study with a neurolinguistic approach was carried out in patients with perinatal asphyxia during childbirth, at the ZH Sikder Women's Medical College Hospital, Bangladesh. Respondents between 4 and 12 years, 76% underwent cranial computed tomography (CT); 82% underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI); and 70% underwent electroencephalogram (EEG). Among them were found positive results for neonatal hypoxia ischemic encephalopathy (EHI). These results are related to the following language disorders: reception/perception disorder (64%), sociolinguistic disorders (84%); metalinguistic competence disorder (66%); 86% of children had poor peer relationships and 72% had reading and writing disorders. Concluding, school-age children after perinatal asphyxia who developed Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy (HIE) had language disorders and poor school performance. There are still challenges to be overcome, as this is the first neurolinguistic approach in Bangladesh. More large-scale studies are needed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74702,"journal":{"name":"Revista Colombiana de psiquiatria (English ed.)","volume":"53 3","pages":"Pages 238-245"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142634350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Issues Faced by General Practitioners in Managing Mental Health Disorders in Basic Health Units: a Cross-Sectional Study","authors":"Célia Regina Moreira E Silva ,&nbsp;Ana Paula Pinheiro de Almeida ,&nbsp;Lucas Pequeno Galvão ,&nbsp;Henrique Soares Paiva ,&nbsp;Mariana Vendramini Butinhon ,&nbsp;Cintia De Azevedo Marques Périco ,&nbsp;Julio Torales ,&nbsp;Antonio Ventriglio ,&nbsp;João M. Castaldelli-Maia ,&nbsp;Anderson Sousa Martins Silva","doi":"10.1016/j.rcpeng.2024.10.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcpeng.2024.10.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aimed to investigate the main issues faced by general practitioners when managing mental health disorders in the primary care setting and evaluate their interest in continued medical training on mental health.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We carried out a cross-sectional survey which included general practitioners (n=94) working in primary care in São Bernardo do Campo, SP, Brazil.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Participants reported challenging issues to be as follows: psychiatric emergency (44.7%), alcohol and drug use disorders (35.1%), psychopharmacology (29.9%), and suicide risk assessment (27.6%). About a third of the sample reported a lack of knowledge on criteria regarding referral to psychiatric services. Almost the entire sample reported the need for better interaction between general practitioners and psychiatrists and interest in continued medical training.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Our findings support the evidence that a network between general practitioners and psychiatrists is needed as well as the improvement of continued medical training on mental health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74702,"journal":{"name":"Revista Colombiana de psiquiatria (English ed.)","volume":"53 3","pages":"Pages 278-283"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142634345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The care of patients with psychiatric symptoms in general hospitalisation units: A phenomenological study","authors":"Daniel Ricardo Zaraza-Morales ,&nbsp;Camilo Duque-Ortiz ,&nbsp;Hellen Lucia Castañeda-Palacio ,&nbsp;Liliana María Hinestrosa Montoya ,&nbsp;Maria Isabel Chica Chica ,&nbsp;Lina Marcela Hernández Sánchez","doi":"10.1016/j.rcpeng.2024.10.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcpeng.2024.10.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>The objective of this study was to explore the approach to patients with psychiatric symptoms by nursing professionals in general hospitalisation units in the city of Medellín, Colombia.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A qualitative study with the method of interpretive phenomenology. 11 nursing professionals from general hospitalisation units in the city of Medellín, Colombia participated. The information analysis was processed according to the Phenomenological Interpretive Analysis method and with the support of the NVIVO Plus 12 software.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The nurses’ experience is described through three themes: representations of the patient with psychiatric symptoms, the patient as aggressive, violent and unpredictable; feeling fearful while providing care, caring for others in the midst of prevention, fear and stress, and being in a chaotic situation, a circumstance that gets out of control and alters the dynamics of the hospitalisation unit.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Caring for patients with psychiatric symptoms is stressful, especially when nursing professionals perceive a lack of support from other colleagues and from the hospital administration. The above favours the development of alterations in the professional's physical and mental health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74702,"journal":{"name":"Revista Colombiana de psiquiatria (English ed.)","volume":"53 3","pages":"Pages 318-326"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142549343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Activation syndrome in children and adolescents treated with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors","authors":"Diana Marcela Pulzara Velasco,&nbsp;Laura Ospina-Pinillos","doi":"10.1016/j.rcpeng.2022.03.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcpeng.2022.03.004","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Introduction and objectives&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are medications used in child and adolescent psychiatry mainly for the treatment of depression, anxiety and obsessive compulsive disorder. In general, these medications are safe and well tolerated. However, they can cause adverse effects such as activation syndrome, which if not identified can negatively affect adherence and response to treatment. Activation syndrome has received little attention and can be difficult to recognise due to the lack of a clear definition and objective diagnostic measures, and also because it can be confused with a worsening of the psychiatric disorder or mania triggered by the antidepressants. For all the above, it is important that professionals who prescribe antidepressants in the paediatric population are able to identify and manage activation syndrome when it occurs. Our aim was to carry out a narrative review of activation syndrome in children and adolescents treated with SSRIs in terms of definition, prevalence, pathophysiology, associated factors, relationship with suicide risk, management strategies and recommendations for reducing the risk of suicidal behaviours when using antidepressants in this population.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Methods&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;We performed a non-systematic narrative review of activation syndrome in children and adolescents which involved finding information in PubMed, Ovid, EBSCO, ProQuest and Embase. Review articles, prospective and retrospective investigations, systematic reviews, meta-analyses and other articles related to activation syndrome in children and adolescents were selected. The search was limited to studies published in English and Spanish that involved children and adolescents and no limits were applied to the publication date or study design.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;A total of 62 articles were included, 61 of them in English. The results were grouped into the following topics: definition; prevalence; pathophysiology; associated factors; relationship with suicide risk; management strategies; and recommendations for reducing the risk of suicidal behaviours when using antidepressants in this population. Activation syndrome refers to a set of symptoms consisting of impulsiveness, restlessness, increased activity, insomnia, irritability, disinhibition and agitation. This syndrome is poorly characterised in terms of its definition, prevalence, risk factors and pathophysiology, a situation that limits its recognition and evaluation. There are many factors that predispose the development of the syndrome such as age, differences in brain development in the paediatric population, the characteristics of the patient or the antidepressant, disorders of neurological development, and the doses and plasma levels of the medications. It has been thought that activation syndrome may be related to suicidal tendencies. However, the evidence in support of this link is inconsistent and further studies ","PeriodicalId":74702,"journal":{"name":"Revista Colombiana de psiquiatria (English ed.)","volume":"53 2","pages":"Pages 184-191"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141918285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Proximal characteristics of suicide attempts: a study in a public hospital in Spain","authors":"María Teresa Rosique Sanz ,&nbsp;Laura Broco Villahoz ,&nbsp;Rebeca Domínguez Alhambra ,&nbsp;Cristina Fernández Carpio ,&nbsp;Carmen Aldara Carrajo García ,&nbsp;Cristina Polo Usaola","doi":"10.1016/j.rcpeng.2022.03.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcpeng.2022.03.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Different parameters of suicide attempts treated since the implementation of the Attention to Suicide Risk Program (ARSUIC) in 2012 at the Hospital Ramón y Cajal in Madrid Region are described in this paper.</p></div><div><h3>Method</h3><p>The sample was composed of 107 patients and the information was collected through a questionnaire created <em>ad hoc</em> with the following variables: type of suicidal ideation; drug use immediately prior to the attempt; method (in case of drug overdosing: drug/s used); location; accessibility to rescue; planning; intentionality; criticism; and brakes.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Descriptive statistics were obtained and a comparison by gender was made through the χ² and contingency coefficients tests. The data from the retrospective longitudinal study showed that the most common profile was of patients with unstructured ideas of death and no previous drug use who took an unplanned drug overdose in the family home, with the intention of self-harm or avoidance of discomfort, especially with benzodiazepines. Patients tend to ask for help afterwards and criticise the attempt, but potential restraints are often not recorded in the clinical report. Regarding the dissimilarities based on gender, statistically significant differences were found in prior alcohol consumption, in favour of men and in the overdose method, specifically with benzodiazepines, in favour of women.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Knowing the types of attempts at self-harm is essential for improving prevention, understanding and patient management.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":74702,"journal":{"name":"Revista Colombiana de psiquiatria (English ed.)","volume":"53 2","pages":"Pages 158-164"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141918288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exposoma y biología en tiempos de geopsiquiatría","authors":"Hernando Santamaría-García","doi":"10.1016/j.rcpeng.2024.07.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcpeng.2024.07.004","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":74702,"journal":{"name":"Revista Colombiana de psiquiatria (English ed.)","volume":"53 2","pages":"Page 114"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142076031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“¿De dónde venimos? ¿Qué somos? ¿A dónde vamos?”","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.rcpeng.2024.07.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcpeng.2024.07.005","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":74702,"journal":{"name":"Revista Colombiana de psiquiatria (English ed.)","volume":"53 2","pages":"Page 113"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142076030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing skills in psychiatry. Experience and implementation of OSCE for medical students","authors":"Ángela Rocío Acero González ,&nbsp;Álvaro Enrique Romero Tapia ,&nbsp;Yahira Rossini Guzmán Sabogal ,&nbsp;Sandra Milena Toro Herrera ,&nbsp;Lina María Ruiz Moreno ,&nbsp;Raúl Andrés Araujo Tabares","doi":"10.1016/j.rcpeng.2024.07.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcpeng.2024.07.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Medical education has been changing, and the evaluation strategies that make it possible to address not only theoretical knowledge but also clinical skills. In Mental Health, these skills play a central role. The Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) is one of the evaluations that could assess clinical skills. This article describes the implementation and performance for the evaluation of undergraduate students since the OSCE’s introduction in 2015.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>An explanation of the implementation is made, and a description of the OSCEs carried out to undergraduate medical students in the second semester of mental health, using the databases of the final practical examinations during those years. The perception of mental health teachers is also described.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The mental health OSCE implemented in 2015-2, is developed in the Simulated Hospital of the University and has five stations (interview, mental examination, diagnosis, treatment and information to the family and ethics). Between 2016-2 and 2019-2, 486 students performed OSCE with an average score of 3.85 (scale 0–5). It was observed that the grade obtained when evaluating anxiety disorders was below average, that of affective disorders above average, while that of psychotic disorders was within the average. The professors highlight the versatility, the comprehensive objective evaluation of the practical and theoretical aspects, and the possibility of comparison between the different groups.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The OSCE is an examination that provides the possibility to evaluate the competences in psychiatry of medical students and allows the identification of the aspects to be improved in the teaching learning process.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":74702,"journal":{"name":"Revista Colombiana de psiquiatria (English ed.)","volume":"53 2","pages":"Pages 126-133"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141914773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Telerehabilitation of subjects with neurodevelopmental disorders during confinement due to COVID-19","authors":"Esteban Vaucheret Paz,&nbsp;Mariana Giacchino,&nbsp;Mariana Leist,&nbsp;Claudia Chirila,&nbsp;Luciana Petracca,&nbsp;Guillermos Agosta","doi":"10.1016/j.rcpeng.2022.03.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcpeng.2022.03.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Social distancing measures due to the COVID-19 pandemic prevented many children with neurodevelopmental disorders from accessing face-to-face treatments. Telerehabilitation grew at this time as an alternative therapeutic tool. In this study we analysed remote cognitive rehabilitation in neurodevelopmental disorders.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>This was a prospective, quasi-experimental (before-after) study that included 22 patients (mean age 9.41 years) with neurodevelopmental disorders who had telerehabilitation for over six months.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>After six months of telerehabilitation, a statistically significant improvement was found with a large effect size in these areas: attention (sustained, selective and divided), executive functions (verbal and visual working memory, categorisation, processing speed), visuospatial skills (spatial orientation, perceptual integration, perception, simultanagnosia) and language (comprehensive and expressive). On the Weiss Functional Impairment Scale, all areas (family, learning and school, self-concept, activities of daily living, risk activities) improved with statistical significance. We found a positive correlation between the number of sessions and the improvement observed in executive functions (visual working memory, processing speed), attention (sustained attention, divided attention) and visuospatial skills (spatial orientation, perceptual integration, perception, simultanagnosia). We did not find statistical significance between the family structure and the number of sessions carried out. A high degree of perception of improvement and satisfaction was observed in the parents.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Telerehabilitation is a safe alternative tool which, although it does not replace face-to-face therapy, can achieve significant cognitive and functional improvements in children with neurodevelopmental disorders.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":74702,"journal":{"name":"Revista Colombiana de psiquiatria (English ed.)","volume":"53 2","pages":"Pages 149-157"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141914776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}