Reports on progress in physics. Physical Society (Great Britain)最新文献

{"title":"Liquid crystals from curved colloidal rods: waves, twists and more.","authors":"Carla Fernández-Rico, Roel P A Dullens","doi":"10.1088/1361-6633/ad627b","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1361-6633/ad627b","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The curvature of elongated microscopic building blocks plays a crucial role on their self-assembly into orientationally ordered phases. While rod-like molecules form a handful of liquid crystal (LC) phases, curved or banana-shaped molecules show more than fifty phases, with fascinating physical properties, such as chirality or polarity. Despite the fundamental and technological importance of these so-called 'banana-shaped liquid crystals', little is known about their microscopic details at the single-molecule level. Curved colloidal liquid crystals-liquid crystals formed by curved colloidal rods-are excellent model systems to optically resolve the structure and dynamics of curved building blocks within these condensed phases. Recent advances in the synthesis of curved rod-like particles have unlocked the potential for studying-at the single-particle level-the intimate relationship between shape and phase symmetry, and even confirmed the stability of elusive LC phases. Further developments in this nascent field promise exciting findings, such as the first observation of the colloidal twist-bend nematic phase or the fabrication of functional materials with curvature-dependent properties. In this Report on Progress, we will highlight recent advances in the synthesis and assembly of curved colloidal liquid crystals and discuss the upcoming challenges and opportunities of this field.</p>","PeriodicalId":74666,"journal":{"name":"Reports on progress in physics. Physical Society (Great Britain)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141602298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emergent phases in graphene flat bands.","authors":"Saisab Bhowmik, Arindam Ghosh, U Chandni","doi":"10.1088/1361-6633/ad67ed","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1361-6633/ad67ed","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Electronic correlations in two-dimensional materials play a crucial role in stabilising emergent phases of matter. The realisation of correlation-driven phenomena in graphene has remained a longstanding goal, primarily due to the absence of strong electron-electron interactions within its low-energy bands. In this context, magic-angle twisted bilayer graphene has recently emerged as a novel platform featuring correlated phases favoured by the low-energy flat bands of the underlying moiré superlattice. Notably, the observation of correlated insulators and superconductivity, and the interplay between these phases have garnered significant attention. A wealth of correlated phases with unprecedented tunability was discovered subsequently, including orbital ferromagnetism, Chern insulators, strange metallicity, density waves, and nematicity. However, a comprehensive understanding of these closely competing phases remains elusive. The ability to controllably twist and stack multiple graphene layers has enabled the creation of a whole new family of moiré superlattices with myriad properties. Here, we review the progress and development achieved so far, encompassing the rich phase diagrams offered by these graphene-based moiré systems. Additionally, we discuss multiple phases recently observed in non-moiré multilayer graphene systems. Finally, we outline future opportunities and challenges for the exploration of hidden phases in this new generation of moiré materials.</p>","PeriodicalId":74666,"journal":{"name":"Reports on progress in physics. Physical Society (Great Britain)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141768219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Present and future ofCosmoLattice.","authors":"Daniel G Figueroa, Adrien Florio, Francisco Torrenti","doi":"10.1088/1361-6633/ad616a","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1361-6633/ad616a","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We discuss the present state and planned updates ofCosmoLattice, a cutting-edge code for lattice simulations of non-linear dynamics of scalar-gauge field theories in an expanding background. We first review the current capabilities of the code, including the simulation of interacting singlet scalars and of Abelian and non-Abelian scalar-gauge theories. We also comment on new features recently implemented, such as the simulation of gravitational waves from scalar and gauge fields. Secondly, we discuss new extensions ofCosmoLatticethat we plan to release publicly. We comment on new physics modules, which include axion-gauge interactionsϕFF~, non-minimal gravitational couplingsϕ2R, creation and evolution of cosmic-defect networks, and magnetohydrodynamics. We also discuss new technical features, including evolvers for non-canonical interactions, arbitrary initial conditions, simulations in 2+1 dimensions, and higher-accuracy spatial derivatives.</p>","PeriodicalId":74666,"journal":{"name":"Reports on progress in physics. Physical Society (Great Britain)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141581784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantum illumination and quantum radar: a brief overview.","authors":"Athena Karsa, Alasdair Fletcher, Gaetana Spedalieri, Stefano Pirandola","doi":"10.1088/1361-6633/ad6279","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6633/ad6279","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Quantum illumination (QI) and quantum radar have emerged as potentially groundbreaking technologies, leveraging the principles of quantum mechanics to revolutionise the field of remote sensing and target detection. The protocol, particularly in the context of quantum radar, has been subject to a great deal of aspirational conjecture as well as criticism with respect to its realistic potential. In this review, we present a broad overview of the field of quantum target detection focusing on QI and its potential as an underlying scheme for a quantum radar operating at microwave frequencies. We provide context for the field by considering its historical development and fundamental principles. Our aim is to provide a balanced discussion on the state of theoretical and experimental progress towards realising a working QI-based quantum radar, and draw conclusions about its current outlook and future directions.</p>","PeriodicalId":74666,"journal":{"name":"Reports on progress in physics. Physical Society (Great Britain)","volume":"87 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141861889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A simplex path integral and a simplex renormalization group for high-order interactions<sup />.","authors":"Aohua Cheng, Yunhui Xu, Pei Sun, Yang Tian","doi":"10.1088/1361-6633/ad5c99","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6633/ad5c99","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Modern theories of phase transitions and scale invariance are rooted in path integral formulation and renormalization groups (RGs). Despite the applicability of these approaches in simple systems with only pairwise interactions, they are less effective in complex systems with undecomposable high-order interactions (i.e. interactions among arbitrary sets of units). To precisely characterize the universality of high-order interacting systems, we propose a simplex path integral and a simplex RG (SRG) as the generalizations of classic approaches to arbitrary high-order and heterogeneous interactions. We first formalize the trajectories of units governed by high-order interactions to define path integrals on corresponding simplices based on a high-order propagator. Then, we develop a method to integrate out short-range high-order interactions in the momentum space, accompanied by a coarse graining procedure functioning on the simplex structure generated by high-order interactions. The proposed SRG, equipped with a divide-and-conquer framework, can deal with the absence of ergodicity arising from the sparse distribution of high-order interactions and can renormalize a system with intertwined high-order interactions at the<i>p</i>-order according to its properties at the<i>q</i>-order (p⩽q). The associated scaling relation and its corollaries provide support to differentiate among scale-invariant, weakly scale-invariant, and scale-dependent systems across different orders. We validate our theory in multi-order scale-invariance verification, topological invariance discovery, organizational structure identification, and information bottleneck analysis. These experiments demonstrate the capability of our theory to identify intrinsic statistical and topological properties of high-order interacting systems during system reduction.</p>","PeriodicalId":74666,"journal":{"name":"Reports on progress in physics. Physical Society (Great Britain)","volume":"87 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141794249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Observation of a phase transition from a continuous to a discrete time crystal.","authors":"Phatthamon Kongkhambut, Jayson G Cosme, Jim Skulte, Michelle A Moreno Armijos, Ludwig Mathey, Andreas Hemmerich, Hans Keßler","doi":"10.1088/1361-6633/ad6585","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1361-6633/ad6585","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Discrete (DTCs) and continuous time crystals (CTCs) are novel dynamical many-body states, that are characterized by robust self-sustained oscillations, emerging via spontaneous breaking of discrete or continuous time translation symmetry. DTCs are periodically driven systems that oscillate with a subharmonic of the external drive, while CTCs are continuously driven and oscillate with a frequency intrinsic to the system. Here, we explore a phase transition from a continuous time crystal to a discrete time crystal. A CTC with a characteristic oscillation frequencyωCTCis prepared in a continuously pumped atom-cavity system. Modulating the pump intensity of the CTC with a frequencyωdrclose to2ωCTCleads to robust locking ofωCTCtoωdr/2, and hence a DTC arises. This phase transition in a quantum many-body system is related to subharmonic injection locking of non-linear mechanical and electronic oscillators or lasers.</p>","PeriodicalId":74666,"journal":{"name":"Reports on progress in physics. Physical Society (Great Britain)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141728342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The advent of quantum computer music: mapping the field.","authors":"Eduardo Reck Miranda","doi":"10.1088/1361-6633/ad627a","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1361-6633/ad627a","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Quantum computing technology is developing at a fast pace. The impact of quantum computing on the music industry is inevitable. This paper maps the emerging field of quantum computer music. Quantum computer music investigates, and develops applications and methods to process music using quantum computing technology. The paper begins by contextualising the field. Then, it discusses significant examples of various approaches developed to date to leverage quantum computing to learn, process and generate music. The methods discussed range from rendering music using data from physical quantum mechanical systems and quantum mechanical simulations to computational quantum algorithms to generate music, including quantum AI. The ambition to develop techniques to encode audio quantumly for making sound synthesisers and audio signal processing systems is also discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":74666,"journal":{"name":"Reports on progress in physics. Physical Society (Great Britain)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141602299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding attosecond streaking.","authors":"Lisa Ortmann, Alexandra Landsman","doi":"10.1088/1361-6633/ad6278","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1361-6633/ad6278","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This tutorial provides an overview on the theory of attosecond streaking, a pump-probe scheme to extract timing information of ionization processes that has been widely used in the past decade. Emphasis is put on the origin of the Coulomb-laser-coupling (CLC) term, which is crucial in the interpretation of streaking delays. Having gained a proper understanding of how the CLC terms in various publications relate to each other, we will be able to analyze in which regime the streaking delay can be split into a measurement-induced CLC term and a 'pure' ionization delay and under which conditions this splitting may break down. Thus we address the long-standing question of the validity of the widely applied interpretation of the streaking delay as a sum of the CLC term and a 'pure' ionization delay.</p>","PeriodicalId":74666,"journal":{"name":"Reports on progress in physics. Physical Society (Great Britain)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141602300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neutrino mass and mixing with modular symmetry.","authors":"Gui-Jun Ding, Stephen F King","doi":"10.1088/1361-6633/ad52a3","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1361-6633/ad52a3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This is a review article about neutrino mass and mixing and flavour model building strategies based on modular symmetry. After a brief survey of neutrino mass and lepton mixing, and various Majorana seesaw mechanisms, we construct and parameterise the lepton mixing matrix and summarise the latest global fits, before discussing the flavour problem of the Standard Model. We then introduce some simple patterns of lepton mixing, introduce family (or flavour) symmetries, and show how they may be applied to direct, semi-direct and tri-direct CP models, where the simple patterns of lepton mixing, or corrected versions of them, may be enforced by the full family symmetry or a part of it, leading to mixing sum rules. We then turn to the main subject of this review, namely a pedagogical introduction to modular symmetry as a candidate for family symmetry, from the bottom-up point of view. After an informal introduction to modular symmetry, we introduce the modular group, and discuss its fixed points and residual symmetry, assuming supersymmetry throughout. We then introduce finite modular groups of level<i>N</i>and modular forms with integer or rational modular weights, corresponding to simple geometric groups or their double or metaplectic covers, including the most general finite modular groups and vector-valued modular forms, with detailed results forN=2,3,4,5. The interplay between modular symmetry and generalized CP symmetry is discussed, deriving CP transformations on matter multiplets and modular forms, highlighting the CP fixed points and their implications. In general, compactification of extra dimensions generally leads to a number of moduli, and modular invariance with factorizable and non-factorizable multiple moduli based on symplectic modular invariance and automorphic forms is reviewed. Modular strategies for understanding fermion mass hierarchies are discussed, including the weighton mechanism, small deviations from fixed points, and texture zeroes. Then examples of modular models are discussed based on single modulus<i>A</i>₄models, a minimalS4'model of leptons (and quarks), and a multiple moduli model based on three<i>S</i>₄groups capable of reproducing the Littlest Seesaw model. We then extend the discussion to include Grand Unified Theories based on modular (flipped)<i>SU</i>(5) and<i>SO</i>(10). Finally we briefly mention some issues related to top-down approaches based on string theory, including eclectic flavour symmetry and moduli stabilisation, before concluding.</p>","PeriodicalId":74666,"journal":{"name":"Reports on progress in physics. Physical Society (Great Britain)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141184715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Opportunities for fundamental physics research with radioactive molecules.","authors":"Gordon Arrowsmith-Kron, Michail Athanasakis-Kaklamanakis, Mia Au, Jochen Ballof, Robert Berger, Anastasia Borschevsky, Alexander A Breier, Fritz Buchinger, Dmitry Budker, Luke Caldwell, Christopher Charles, Nike Dattani, Ruben P de Groote, David DeMille, Timo Dickel, Jacek Dobaczewski, Christoph E Düllmann, Ephraim Eliav, Jonathan Engel, Mingyu Fan, Victor Flambaum, Kieran T Flanagan, Alyssa N Gaiser, Ronald F Garcia Ruiz, Konstantin Gaul, Thomas F Giesen, Jacinda S M Ginges, Alexander Gottberg, Gerald Gwinner, Reinhard Heinke, Steven Hoekstra, Jason D Holt, Nicholas R Hutzler, Andrew Jayich, Jonas Karthein, Kyle G Leach, Kirk W Madison, Stephan Malbrunot-Ettenauer, Takayuki Miyagi, Iain D Moore, Scott Moroch, Petr Navratil, Witold Nazarewicz, Gerda Neyens, Eric B Norrgard, Nicholas Nusgart, Lukáš F Pašteka, Alexander N Petrov, Wolfgang R Plaß, Roy A Ready, Moritz Pascal Reiter, Mikael Reponen, Sebastian Rothe, Marianna S Safronova, Christoph Scheidenerger, Andrea Shindler, Jaideep T Singh, Leonid V Skripnikov, Anatoly V Titov, Silviu-Marian Udrescu, Shane G Wilkins, Xiaofei Yang","doi":"10.1088/1361-6633/ad1e39","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1361-6633/ad1e39","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Molecules containing short-lived, radioactive nuclei are uniquely positioned to enable a wide range of scientific discoveries in the areas of fundamental symmetries, astrophysics, nuclear structure, and chemistry. Recent advances in the ability to create, cool, and control complex molecules down to the quantum level, along with recent and upcoming advances in radioactive species production at several facilities around the world, create a compelling opportunity to coordinate and combine these efforts to bring precision measurement and control to molecules containing extreme nuclei. In this manuscript, we review the scientific case for studying radioactive molecules, discuss recent atomic, molecular, nuclear, astrophysical, and chemical advances which provide the foundation for their study, describe the facilities where these species are and will be produced, and provide an outlook for the future of this nascent field.</p>","PeriodicalId":74666,"journal":{"name":"Reports on progress in physics. Physical Society (Great Britain)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139433295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}