Recent progress in nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Physical Activity Mentoring in Schools: An Undergraduate-Mentored Running Intervention for Elementary Students","authors":"Laura S. Kabiri, Amanda M. Perkins-Ball, Cassandra S Diep, Uma Kelavkar, Augusto X. Rodriguez","doi":"10.21926/rpn.2201009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21926/rpn.2201009","url":null,"abstract":"Most children do not meet physical activity guidelines, and school-based programs often fail to increase physical activity levels. However, there has been no intervention pairing college mentors with elementary students to date. The purpose of this paper is to report the feasibility and acceptability, both quantitative and qualitative, of an undergraduate-mentored running program designed to increase physical activity in elementary students. A convergent parallel mixed methods design was used to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of the physical activity intervention for elementary students. Running W.I.S.E. [with Interscholastic Student Engagement] paired college mentors with individual fifth grade elementary school students for bi-weekly running sessions during the school day in early 2020. Quantitative recruitment and retention data were collected and analysed to determine feasibility and acceptability, respectively. Qualitative data comprising letters written by undergraduate mentors to their mentees after the intervention were analysed. Both feasibility and acceptability were achieved. Recruitment and retention rates [100% each] exceeded the pre-defined feasibility and acceptability criteria. Undergraduate mentors were driven to participate by prosocial, passion-driven, and utility motives. Psychosocial mentor/mentee benefits, as well as observed physiological changes among mentees, were cited as outcomes of participation. Undergraduate-mentored running programs a feasible and acceptable means of increasing physical activity in elementary students. Benefits to both mentors and mentees exist and extend beyond physical health into social and mental health, as well.","PeriodicalId":74647,"journal":{"name":"Recent progress in nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43864537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ketogenic Therapy for Major Depressive Disorder: A Review of Neurobiological Evidence","authors":"Dana Shamshtein, T. Liwinski","doi":"10.21926/rpn.2201003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21926/rpn.2201003","url":null,"abstract":"Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a debilitating illness that places a great burden on global health. A ketogenic diet, which has traditionally been used for treating refractory epileptic disorders, is being increasingly explored for its potential of alleviating other neuropsychiatric conditions. Providing an up-to-date summary on the ketogenic diet’s potential to alleviate MDD, its neurobiological basis, and preliminary clinical evidence. A structured literature survey was performed, and a narrative review was written. Basic science provides cues for the biological mechanisms underlying the antidepressant effects of ketosis. Ketosis may circumvent frontal cortical glucose hypometabolism, reduce oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, and restore neurotransmitter homeostasis by increasing gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) levels and decreasing excitatory neurotransmitter levels. Another interesting domain affected by ketosis and potentially linked to mood and mental health is the gut microbiome. Emerging clinical evidence supports the efficacy of ketosis induction in treating patients with mood disorders. Evidence supports the antidepressant potential of the ketogenic diet. However, further substantial research into the underlying mechanisms of action and clinical effects is required.","PeriodicalId":74647,"journal":{"name":"Recent progress in nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44081376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of Club Sports Participation and TV in the Bedroom with Dietary Pattern in Austrian Adolescents","authors":"C. Drenowatz, G. Ferrari, G. Ruedl, A. Cocca, K. Greier","doi":"10.21926/rpn.2201004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21926/rpn.2201004","url":null,"abstract":"Poor lifestyle choices in adolescents, including low physical activity (PA), excess screen time, and unhealthy dietary habits, are major threats to their health in the future. Unhealthy behaviors such as insufficient PA, high TV time, and poor dietary choices also tend to cluster, but information on the combined association of screen time, sports participation, and dietary habits is limited in Austrian youth. To examine the association among these behaviors, 165 adolescents (74 girls and 91 boys) between 11 and 14 years of age completed a food frequency questionnaire during regular class hours. Additionally, participants reported whether they participated in club sports and whether they had a TV in the bedroom. The results showed that there were no interaction effects of club sports participation and TV in the bedroom on dietary habits. There were also no significant associations between participation in club sports and dietary habits. Having a TV in the bedroom, however, was associated with more frequent consumption of fast food and soft drinks. These results highlight the detrimental effects of unsupervised access to a TV on dietary habits in youth. As many lifestyle habits are established during adolescence and retained in adulthood, this age is important to develop a healthy lifestyle. Although club sports provide a viable setting to promote health, the results of this study indicate that the potential of club sports to educate children on nutrition is underused.","PeriodicalId":74647,"journal":{"name":"Recent progress in nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47694189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Exploration of Preschool Teachers’ Perceptions of Physical Activity Integration in a Whole Child Pilot Curriculum","authors":"Alicia C Stapp, Madalyn Falkenheiner, Kenya Wolff","doi":"10.21926/rpn.2201001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21926/rpn.2201001","url":null,"abstract":"It is recommended that children ages 3-5 receive 180 minutes of physical activity a day, with at least 60 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. Despite these recommendations, a majority of preschoolers are not provided opportunities in the early childhood education setting to meet these daily recommendations through either structured or unstructured physical activity. Accordingly, the number of young children identified as overweight or obese over the past couple of decades has increased. Critical to addressing this epidemic is the role of physical activity in the early childhood classroom and its capacity to increase healthy development and lifelong habits for young children. Participants in this study consisted of 23 Pre-K 4 teachers from 5 different preschools across North Mississippi. A phenomenological approach was utilized to determine if the barriers to physical activity implementation in early childhood education classrooms were effectively addressed through the Growing Healthy Minds, Bodies, and Communities curriculum. This was completed by garnering teachers' perceptions of the curriculum through pre- and post-focus groups. Three themes emerged from the data regarding teachers’ perceptions of the Growing Healthy Minds, Bodies, and Communities physical activity curriclum. Those themes are as follows: (a) teacher and student benefits of and engagement with physical activity in early childhood education; (b) shifting the mindset from “fitting it all in” to “making it work with modifications”; and (c) linking it to literacy. The opportunity for young children to participate in physical activity is a critical determinant of their overall health and development. While there has been an overall decrease in opportunities for preschool children to participate in both unstructured and structured physical activity, it is crucial to view physical activity as an essential and integrated component of the curriculum. When viewed through this lens, it provides a foundation that promotes lifelong healthy habits and development of children who become happy, healthy, and productive citizens in society.","PeriodicalId":74647,"journal":{"name":"Recent progress in nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41543405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Consumption of a Recommended Serving of Wheat Bran Cereals Significantly Increases Human Faecal Butyrate Levels in Healthy Volunteers and Reduces Markers of Inflammation Ex Vivo","authors":"Madalina Neacsu, S. Anderson, Pola Verschoor, N. Vaughan, G. Horgan, T. Hulshof, S. Duncan, S. Duthie, W. Russell","doi":"10.21926/rpn.2104002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21926/rpn.2104002","url":null,"abstract":"Wheat bran cereals are an important source of dietary fibre. The aim of the study was to investigate if a high intake (120 g) of fibre rich breakfast cereal (which delivers the UK Government guidelines for fibre intake in one serving but is three-fold higher than the manufacturers recommended serving) has additional potential health benefits compared to the recommended serving (40 g, containing 11 g of dietary fibre). To assess this, the study determined the short chain fatty acid (SCFA) profiles in human faecal, urine and plasma samples after consumption of two different servings of fibre-rich cereal. Inhibition of prostanoid production was measured (ex vivo) in human colonic fibroblast cells after cytokine (IL-1β) inflammation stimulation. Eight healthy volunteers, 18-55 years old; BMI (18-30 kg/m2) consumed the wheat bran-rich “ready to eat cereal”, at both the high (120 g) serving and recommended (40 g) serving. Faecal, urine and plasma samples were collected at baseline, throughout the five-hour intervention period and approximately 24 hours following consumption. Faecal butyrate showed the largest increase (p<0.05) of more than a two-fold change following the consumption of the recommended serving of wheat bran cereal (from 13.95 ± 9.17 to 31.63 ± 20.53 mM) and no significant change following the higher serving (from 21.96 ± 11.03 to 22.9 ± 12.69 mM). ANOVA analysis also found a weak serving effect (p = 0.046) of the portion size (high vs. recommended) only for butyrate in urine 24 hours after consumption of the bran cereal. The physiological nutritionally relevant concentrations of faecal SCFAs, as determined in the volunteers’ faecal samples showed significant anti-inflammatory activity or the individual faecal SCFAs; acetate (p<0.001), propionate (p<0.001) and butyrate (p<0.01), as well as in combination. Plasma folate was also increased after consumption of both wheat bran servings and was significant (p = 0.037) at the three-hour time point following consumption of the high wheat bran serving. The consumption of the recommended serving (40 g) of wheat bran cereal increased the total microbial SCFAs levels (from 96.88 to 136.96 mM) compared to the higher serving (120 g) (from 110.5 to 117.64 mM) suggesting that the intake of the higher portion size is likely to promote a faecal bulking effect and thereby decrease colonic SCFA levels. These data indicate that consumption of the recommended serving of wheat bran cereal serving would therefore be sufficient to promote microbial butyrate formation, reduce colonic inflammation and increase plasma folate levels in humans.","PeriodicalId":74647,"journal":{"name":"Recent progress in nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42983165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ad Libitum Western Diet Feeding Does Not Alter Basal Skeletal Muscle Heat Shock Protein Expression in Sedentary or Aerobically Trained Young Rats","authors":"A. Schulze, M. Merwe, C. Touchberry, R. Bloomer","doi":"10.21926/rpn.2104001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21926/rpn.2104001","url":null,"abstract":"Poor dietary habits can lead to obesity and insulin resistance—both of which can impair basal heat shock protein (HSP) expression and the HSP stress response in skeletal muscle. It remains unclear if impairments in HSP expression occur during the early stages of diet-induced obesity and metabolic dysfunction. We determined if basal HSP expression (HSP70, HSP60, HSP25) was impaired in sedentary or exercised rats following the onset of diet-induced obesity. Male Long-Evans rats (N=6-7/group) were assigned to a Western diet (WD) or purified diet (PD). Animals were divided into sedentary (WD and PD) or exercise-trained (WD+Ex and PD+Ex) groups and fed ad libitum for 12-weeks. WD animals displayed higher body mass, fat mass, blood glucose, and HOMA-IR scores compared to PD (p<0.05). Exercise attenuated elevations in HOMA-IR and body mass for WD+Ex (p>0.05) but did not prevent elevations in fat mass or blood glucose when compared to controls. Basal HSP (HSP70, HSP60, HSP25) expression was not impaired in sedentary WD animals when compared to PD (p>0.05) or when WD+Ex was compared to PD+Ex (p>0.05). Exercise training elevated HSP70 expression in the gastrocnemius muscle (GAST) (p<0.05), but not in the soleus (SOL) (p>0.05) in WD+Ex and PD+Ex animals. HSP60 and pHSP25 were unaffected by exercise training (GAST and SOL, p>0.05). The onset of diet-induced obesity does not impair skeletal muscle HSP expression in sedentary or exercised animals. Thus, obesity and symptomology of metabolic dysfunction may occur before reductions in skeletal muscle HSP expression.","PeriodicalId":74647,"journal":{"name":"Recent progress in nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44582999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}