Rand health quarterly最新文献_第9页

Rand health quarterly Pub Date : 2024-12-10 eCollection Date: 2024-12-01

引用次数: 0

Modern Biosurveillance Methods: A Lay Introduction to Effective Use of Nucleic Acid Methods. 现代生物监测方法：浅谈核酸方法的有效应用。

Rand health quarterly Pub Date : 2024-12-10 eCollection Date: 2024-12-01

Sara Duhachek Muggy, Mary Avriette, Derek Roberts, Kristin J Leuschner

{"title":"Modern Biosurveillance Methods: A Lay Introduction to Effective Use of Nucleic Acid Methods.","authors":"Sara Duhachek Muggy, Mary Avriette, Derek Roberts, Kristin J Leuschner","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"The devastating impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has led governments, health care institutions, and researchers to intensify their focus on developing improved means to detect, contain, and manage potential future outbreaks. As part of these efforts, policymakers and other nontechnical personnel need to understand available biosurveillance technologies. In this study, the authors summarize how current and emerging nucleic acid biosurveillance techniques work, describe their capabilities and limitations, and discuss the promise of emerging technologies. Biosurveillance systems are used to detect, monitor, and characterize health threats, or pathogens, in human and animal populations, food, wastewater, and the environment. Nucleic acid testing assesses nucleic acids, comprising deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA), to determine the biologic agents present in clinical samples (i.e., a sample collected by a medical laboratory from a symptomatic human) or environmental samples (e.g., wastewater). The authors describe a scenario of testing for pathogens in wastewater that uses detection technology within a comprehensive and pathogen-agnostic biosurveillance system. Wastewater testing offers a method for collecting samples without needing symptomatic individuals to present at clinics for care. Such testing can, therefore, offer data prior to symptoms and from those who have less access to clinical care. The case study demonstrates the advancements needed to develop a truly pathogen-agnostic, cost-effective wastewater biosurveillance system. The authors conclude that policymakers interested in establishing a biosurveillance program should carefully evaluate their specific research questions and their resource limitations to determine which technology is best suited to their needs.","PeriodicalId":74637,"journal":{"name":"Rand health quarterly","volume":"12 1","pages":"13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11630095/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142815166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

America's Military and Veteran Caregivers: Hidden Heroes Emerging from the Shadows. 美国军人和退伍军人护理人员：从阴影中浮现的隐藏英雄。

Rand health quarterly Pub Date : 2024-12-10 eCollection Date: 2024-12-01

Rajeev Ramchand, Sarah Dalton, Tamara Dubowitz, Kelly Hyde, Nipher Malika, Andrew R Morral, Elie Ohana, Vanessa Parks, Terry L Schell, Gretchen Swabe, Thomas E Trail, Kayla M Williams

{"title":"America's Military and Veteran Caregivers: Hidden Heroes Emerging from the Shadows.","authors":"Rajeev Ramchand, Sarah Dalton, Tamara Dubowitz, Kelly Hyde, Nipher Malika, Andrew R Morral, Elie Ohana, Vanessa Parks, Terry L Schell, Gretchen Swabe, Thomas E Trail, Kayla M Williams","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"The authors produced new estimates of the number of adults caregiving in the United States today; investigated how those caring for wounded, ill, and injured service members and veterans compare with those caring for civilians and with non-caregivers; and share insights on the potential consequences of caregiving on caregiversapos health, their economic security, and their families' well-being. They also propose recommendations to strengthen caregiver support. The information in this study is derived from two sources. RAND researchers administered the 2023 RAND Caregiving Survey. The final analytic sample size was 2,946 respondents, including 513 military and veteran caregivers, and, for comparison, 1,205 civilian caregivers and 1,228 non-caregivers. RAND researchers also administered the 2022 RAND Veterans Survey, a survey of 1,100 veterans residing in the United States. There are 14.3 million military and veteran caregivers, representing 5.5 percent of the U.S. adult population. There are an additional 91.3 million civilian caregivers (35.0 percent of U.S. adults) caring for wounded, ill, or injured civilian adults. Across all caregivers, most (78 to 81 percent) spend between one and 30 hours per week providing care. Under 10 percent spend less than one hour per week, and 11 to 16 percent spend 31 hours or more per week caregiving. The estimated aggregate economic value generated by military/veteran caregiving activities, which are largely uncompensated, ranges from $119 billion to $485 billion per year. Military/veteran caregivers incur an estimated $8,583 in annual out-of-pocket costs associated with their caregiving responsibilities. Military/veteran caregivers forgo an estimated $4,522 in annual household income.","PeriodicalId":74637,"journal":{"name":"Rand health quarterly","volume":"12 1","pages":"7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11630098/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142814946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Projections of Disability in the Department of Defense Workforce Through 2031: Estimating Future Assistive Technology Requirements for Department of Defense Civilian Employees and Service Members. 到 2031 年国防部劳动力中的残疾预测：估算国防部文职雇员和现役军人未来的辅助技术需求。

Rand health quarterly Pub Date : 2024-09-25 eCollection Date: 2024-09-01

Philip Armour, Michael S Pollard, Yael Katz, Katie Feistel, Christina Panis, Mariah Brennan

{"title":"Projections of Disability in the Department of Defense Workforce Through 2031: Estimating Future Assistive Technology Requirements for Department of Defense Civilian Employees and Service Members.","authors":"Philip Armour, Michael S Pollard, Yael Katz, Katie Feistel, Christina Panis, Mariah Brennan","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"The Department of Defense (DoD) requires both current and projected estimates of the size of its workforce population with specific categories of disabilities. These estimates support the requirements under the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 as well as the goals outlined in multiple executive orders, including Executive Order 14035, directing DoD to hire employees with disabilities and provide them with reasonable accommodations. These estimates are necessary to determine the assistive technology (AT) required and its anticipated costs through 2031. AT also furthers DoD's goals in aiding the recovery and retention of injured service members, as well as the broader DoD and U.S. Department of Veteran Affairs (VA) community in aiding in the post-service employment of service members who are medically separating. Thus, the authors seek to estimate the potential demand for AT from these groups. The authors give projections of the DoD civilian employee population-and of injured and wounded service members-with specific disabilities categorized by DoD's centralized AT procurer (hearing, vision, cognitive, and dexterity disabilities), as well as the potential anticipated requests for AT by these populations and their costs between 2021 and 2031.","PeriodicalId":74637,"journal":{"name":"Rand health quarterly","volume":"11 4","pages":"5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11425925/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142334022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Measuring Cognition in Clinical Trials in Parkinson's Disease, Dementia with Lewy Bodies, and Related Disorders: Roundtable Proceedings and Roadmap for Research. 帕金森病、路易体痴呆及相关疾病临床试验中的认知测量：圆桌会议记录和研究路线图》。

Rand health quarterly Pub Date : 2024-09-25 eCollection Date: 2024-09-01

Shannon D Donofry, Claire E O'Hanlon

{"title":"Measuring Cognition in Clinical Trials in Parkinson's Disease, Dementia with Lewy Bodies, and Related Disorders: Roundtable Proceedings and Roadmap for Research.","authors":"Shannon D Donofry, Claire E O'Hanlon","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Emerging research suggests that Parkinson's disease (PD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) share underlying pathology and may represent a single, biologically defined disease spectrum. Cognitive changes are among the most worrisome symptoms for patients with PD, and are the core feature of DLB. While the cognitive changes experienced by individuals with PD and mild cognitive impairment share some clinical characteristics with patients who have undiagnosed or prodromal DLB, these changes are distinct from other types of dementias, such as Alzheimer's disease. To spur the adaptation of existing cognition-focused measures and the development of new ones to underlie clinical trial endpoints in PD and DLB, the PD/DLB Cognition Roundtable was held on January 10 and 11, 2024, in Washington, D.C. The roundtable brought together representatives from academia and industry, as well as with representatives of regulatory agencies, community partners, patient advocates, and research funders, to build consensus and collaborate on the outcome assessment and trial design methods that will support the development of new treatments for early or mild cognitive changes in disorders on the PD/DLB spectrum. The authors of this document summarize the roundtable, discussing the state of the field for clinical trial design and cognition measures in PD and DLB, promising avenues of research, and perspectives of regulatory agencies.","PeriodicalId":74637,"journal":{"name":"Rand health quarterly","volume":"11 4","pages":"8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11425926/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142334021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Twenty Years of Legal Marriage for Same-Sex Couples in the United States: Evidence Review and New Analyse. 美国同性配偶合法婚姻二十年：证据回顾与新分析》。

Rand health quarterly Pub Date : 2024-09-25 eCollection Date: 2024-09-01

Benjamin R Karney, Melanie A Zaber, Molly G Smith, Samuel J Mann, Marwa AlFakhri, Jessie Coe, Jamie L Ryan, Catria Gadwah-Meaden, Christy Mallory, Brad Sears, Chandra Garber

{"title":"Twenty Years of Legal Marriage for Same-Sex Couples in the United States: Evidence Review and New Analyse.","authors":"Benjamin R Karney, Melanie A Zaber, Molly G Smith, Samuel J Mann, Marwa AlFakhri, Jessie Coe, Jamie L Ryan, Catria Gadwah-Meaden, Christy Mallory, Brad Sears, Chandra Garber","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Twenty years ago, the United States was divided by heated debates over legalizing marriage for same-sex couples. Those in favor argued that granting same-sex couples access to marriage would strengthen commitment for same-sex couples, extend the financial benefits of marriage to same-sex households, and improve outcomes for children raised by same-sex parents. Those who were opposed argued that granting legal status to marriages between same-sex partners would alter the foundation of marriage and diminish its value for different-sex couples, ultimately harming children by making them less likely to be raised in stable, two-parent families. It has now been 20 years since Massachusetts became the first state to issue marriage licenses to same-sex couples in May 2004. The consequences of extending legal recognition to same-sex couples need no longer be a topic of speculation and debate; researchers have had two decades to study the consequences of legalizing marriage for same-sex couples on lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) individuals; their children; and the general public. The broad goal of this study is to document those consequences. The authors pursued this goal in two ways. First, they conducted a comprehensive review of the existing research literature on the effects of legalizing marriage for same-sex couples. Second, they conducted new analyses to evaluate the prediction that rates of marriage, cohabitation, and divorce and attitudes toward marriage would be adversely affected by granting same-sex couples access to legal marriage.","PeriodicalId":74637,"journal":{"name":"Rand health quarterly","volume":"11 4","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11425929/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142334023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

2023 National Survey of Health Attitudes: Description and Top-Line Summary Data. 2023 年全国健康态度调查：说明和顶线汇总数据。

Rand health quarterly Pub Date : 2024-09-25 eCollection Date: 2024-09-01

Anita Chandra, Delia Bugliari, Linnea Warren May, Sarah Weilant, Christopher Nelson, Laurie T Martin, Douglas Yeung, Carolyn Miller

引用次数: 0

Understanding the State and Local Policies Affecting Abortion Care Administration, Access, and Delivery: A Case Study in North Carolina. 了解影响堕胎护理管理、获取和提供的州和地方政策：北卡罗来纳州案例研究》。

Rand health quarterly Pub Date : 2024-09-25 eCollection Date: 2024-09-01

Julia Rollison, Skye Miner, Maya Buenaventura, Maya Rabinowitz

{"title":"Understanding the State and Local Policies Affecting Abortion Care Administration, Access, and Delivery: A Case Study in North Carolina.","authors":"Julia Rollison, Skye Miner, Maya Buenaventura, Maya Rabinowitz","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"The implementation and enforcement of state and local abortion policy can vary significantly between medical clinics and depend on the context and the individual decisionmakers involved. Research conducted prior to the U.S. Supreme Court decision in Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization showed that, when providers are unclear about potentially conflicting or changing local and state policies (formal and informal) or enforcement, many err on the side of caution and become more restrictive in their practices. However, it is unknown whether and to what extent state and local policies and practices adapted in the wake of Dobbs have influenced providers' practices. The authors conducted an initial study of laws and policies post-Dobbs in one state, North Carolina, to better understand the policy landscape and gather perspectives from staff in facilities or organizations that provide or support abortion care. This study served as a unique opportunity to explore laws and policies, as well as implementation experiences, given North Carolina's Senate Bill 20, which instituted a gestational limit of 12 weeks and 6 days, as well as other provisions, including a 72-hour in-person consent requirement. The findings highlight the reported impacts of Senate Bill 20 on facilities, providers, and patients, as well as other local and institutional policies on abortion care access. This work highlights the importance of understanding legislation and its underlying provisions to ensure a complete picture of implementation factors and potential impacts.","PeriodicalId":74637,"journal":{"name":"Rand health quarterly","volume":"11 4","pages":"2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11425927/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142336725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Letter from the Editor. 编辑来信

Rand health quarterly Pub Date : 2024-09-25 eCollection Date: 2024-09-01

引用次数: 0

How Working Conditions in Civilian Jobs Can Affect Veterans' Health and Well-Being: Veterans' Issues in Focus. 文职工作的工作条件如何影响退伍军人的健康和福祉：退伍军人问题聚焦》。

Rand health quarterly Pub Date : 2024-09-25 eCollection Date: 2024-09-01

Margaret D Whitley, Eric Apaydin

引用次数: 0