Rand health quarterly最新文献_第8页

Implementation and Outcome Evaluation of LA DOOR: A Proposition 47-Funded Program in Los Angeles: Cohort 2 Final Evaluation Report. LA DOOR的实施和结果评估:洛杉矶47号提案资助项目:队列2最终评估报告。

Rand health quarterly Pub Date : 2023-09-01

Melissa M Labriola, Danielle Sobol, Heather Sims, Stephanie Brooks Holliday

{"title":"Implementation and Outcome Evaluation of LA DOOR: A Proposition 47-Funded Program in Los Angeles: Cohort 2 Final Evaluation Report.","authors":"Melissa M Labriola, Danielle Sobol, Heather Sims, Stephanie Brooks Holliday","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"The Los Angeles Diversion, Outreach, and Opportunities for Recovery (LA DOOR) program is a Proposition 47-funded program designed by the Los Angeles City Attorney's Office (LACA) to provide a comprehensive, health-focused, preventative approach that proactively engages individuals at elevated risk of returning to LACA on a new misdemeanor offense related to substance use, mental illness, or homelessness. This study documents the findings of a process and outcome evaluation of Cohort 2 of the LA DOOR program, covering services provided from January 2020 through February 2023. The goal of this evaluation is to better understand how the LA DOOR program was implemented and examine the effect of the program on various outcomes. This study describes an overview of the program, evaluation methods, the logic model that guided the evaluation, findings from stakeholder interviews and client focus groups, and analyses of program data. Qualitative interviews and focus groups revealed key strengths and challenges of the program and focused on specific challenges of operating during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Analyses of quantitative data describe the population of clients who are receiving LA DOOR services, the needs of that population, and the services provided. Together, these findings shed light on opportunities for future program implementation and evaluation. Interested stakeholders of this report include LACA, the California Board of State and Community Corrections, and the City of Los Angeles, as well as other entities that provide supportive services to criminal justice populations or that might be interested in implementing a similar program.","PeriodicalId":74637,"journal":{"name":"Rand health quarterly","volume":"10 4","pages":"4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10501826/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10311487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Societal and Indirect Economic Burden of Seasonal Influenza in the United Kingdom. 英国季节性流感的社会和间接经济负担。

Rand health quarterly Pub Date : 2023-09-01

Robert J Romanelli, Mark Cabling, Zuzanna Marciniak-Nuqui, Sonja Marjanovic, Stephen Morris, Eliane Dufresne, Erez Yerushalmi

{"title":"The Societal and Indirect Economic Burden of Seasonal Influenza in the United Kingdom.","authors":"Robert J Romanelli, Mark Cabling, Zuzanna Marciniak-Nuqui, Sonja Marjanovic, Stephen Morris, Eliane Dufresne, Erez Yerushalmi","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Seasonal influenza is a significant public-health issue. In the UK, the influenza season is associated with an increased demand for and pressure on the NHS. The direct health and economic impacts of seasonal influenza have received much attention. However, less attention has been given to its broader societal burden, including its indirect economic impact. We first conducted a rapid evidence assessment of the literature to understand the societal burden of seasonal influenza in the UK. Secondly, we conducted analyses of publicly available, aggregated data from NHS England and NHS Digital to better understand the impact of seasonal influenza on the provision of NHS services both before and after the COVID-19 pandemic. We also conducted a geographically representative survey of 1,000 working-age adults across the UK, who reported having influenza or caring for a dependent with influenza during at least one of the past four influenza seasons to understand impacts related to absenteeism and presenteeism in the workplace, lost wages and out-of-pocket costs. Fourthly, we conducted interviews with 20 key stakeholders within the NHS from primary care and secondary care across the four UK nations. Lastly, we used an epidemiologic-economic framework to estimate the number of influenza cases and then applied a macro-economic computable general equilibrium model to estimate the indirect economic costs associated with lost economic productivity among working-age adults who become ill with influenza.","PeriodicalId":74637,"journal":{"name":"Rand health quarterly","volume":"10 4","pages":"2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10501821/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10289840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evaluation of Mental Health First Aid in New York City. 纽约市心理健康急救评价

Rand health quarterly Pub Date : 2023-09-01

Eunice C Wong, Michael Stephen Dunbar, Daniel Siconolfi, Anthony Rodriguez, Chester Jean, Vanessa N Torres, Rosemary Li, Michele Abbott, Ingrid Estrada-Darley, Lu Dong, Rebecca Weir

{"title":"Evaluation of Mental Health First Aid in New York City.","authors":"Eunice C Wong, Michael Stephen Dunbar, Daniel Siconolfi, Anthony Rodriguez, Chester Jean, Vanessa N Torres, Rosemary Li, Michele Abbott, Ingrid Estrada-Darley, Lu Dong, Rebecca Weir","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"More than 155,000 New Yorkers were trained in Mental Health First Aid (MHFA) between 2016 and 2020. Free citywide trainings were made available to all New Yorkers and were disseminated through city agencies and community-based settings. RAND Corporation researchers conducted a mixed-methods study that included a web-based survey of past trainees and a series of focus groups with leaders of community-based organizations and city agency staff to assess the impact of the MHFA trainings and needs for future training. In this article, the authors describe the evaluation activities that took place; the methods behind them; and the results at the individual, agency, and community levels. They also offer recommendations for ways to improve future mental health education efforts. Respondents applied MHFA skills extensively and broadly across their social networks. Nine in ten respondents had contact with an individual with a mental health problem in the past six months. Among those who had contact, 84 percent indicated using their MHFA skills to help a friend or family member, and nearly half reported applying skills with a co-worker, neighbor, or acquaintance. Because MHFA was offered through city agency workplaces and community-based settings, tens of thousands of New Yorkers were given tools to come to the aid of individuals in their personal and professional lives. MHFA may be a promising approach to building supportive social networks, organizations, and communities that are primed to recognize and assist those experiencing mental health challenges.","PeriodicalId":74637,"journal":{"name":"Rand health quarterly","volume":"10 4","pages":"3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10501820/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10309624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Letter from the Editor. 编辑来信。

Rand health quarterly Pub Date : 2023-09-01

引用次数: 0

America's Opioid Ecosystem: How Leveraging System Interactions Can Help Curb Addiction, Overdose, and Other Harms. 美国阿片类药物生态系统:如何利用系统相互作用来帮助遏制成瘾、过量和其他危害。

Rand health quarterly Pub Date : 2023-09-01

Bradley D Stein, Beau Kilmer, Jirka Taylor, Mary E Vaiana, Dionne Barnes-Proby, Jonathan P Caulkins, Lois M Davis, Michael Dworsky, Susan M Gates, Martin Y Iguchi, Karen Chan Osilla, Rosalie Liccardo Pacula, Bryce Pardo, Tisamarie B Sherry, Sierra Smucker

{"title":"America's Opioid Ecosystem: How Leveraging System Interactions Can Help Curb Addiction, Overdose, and Other Harms.","authors":"Bradley D Stein, Beau Kilmer, Jirka Taylor, Mary E Vaiana, Dionne Barnes-Proby, Jonathan P Caulkins, Lois M Davis, Michael Dworsky, Susan M Gates, Martin Y Iguchi, Karen Chan Osilla, Rosalie Liccardo Pacula, Bryce Pardo, Tisamarie B Sherry, Sierra Smucker","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Opioids play an outsized role in America's drug problems, but they also play a critically important role in medicine. Thus, they deserve special attention. Illegally manufactured opioids (such as fentanyl) are involved in a majority of U.S. drug overdoses, but the problems are broader and deeper than drug fatalities. Depending on the drugs involved, there can be myriad physical and mental health consequences associated with having a substance use disorder. And it is not just those using drugs who suffer. Substance use and related behaviors can significantly affect individuals' families, friends, employers, and wider communities. Efforts to address problems related to opioids are insufficient and sometimes contradictory. Researchers provide a nuanced assessment of America's opioid ecosystem, highlighting how leveraging system interactions can reduce addiction, overdose, suffering, and other harms. At the core of the opioid ecosystem are the individuals who use opioids and their families. Researchers also include detail on ten major components of the opioid ecosystem: substance use disorder treatment, harm reduction, medical care, the criminal legal system, illegal supply and supply control, first responders, the child welfare system, income support and homeless services, employment, and education. The primary audience for this study is policymakers, but it should also be useful for foundations looking for opportunities to create change that have often been overlooked. This study can help researchers better consider the full consequences of policy changes and help members of the media identify the dynamics of interactions that deserve more attention.","PeriodicalId":74637,"journal":{"name":"Rand health quarterly","volume":"10 4","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10501822/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10289843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evaluation of Los Angeles County's 2022 WeRise Mental Health Events. 对洛杉矶县 2022 年 WeRise 心理健康活动的评估。

Rand health quarterly Pub Date : 2023-06-16 eCollection Date: 2023-06-01

Rebecca L Collins, Nicole K Eberhart, Ingrid Estrada-Darley, Elizabeth Roth

引用次数: 0

A Scoping Review of Guidelines and Quality Measures to Screen for Social and Caregiver Support and Cognitive Impairment in Primary Care. 初级保健中筛查社会和照顾者支持和认知障碍的指南和质量措施的范围审查。

Rand health quarterly Pub Date : 2023-06-16 eCollection Date: 2023-06-01

Sydne J Newberry, Aneesa Motala, Lisa V Rubenstein, Paul G Shekelle, Jody Larkin

{"title":"A Scoping Review of Guidelines and Quality Measures to Screen for Social and Caregiver Support and Cognitive Impairment in Primary Care.","authors":"Sydne J Newberry, Aneesa Motala, Lisa V Rubenstein, Paul G Shekelle, Jody Larkin","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"High-risk patients-those patients with complex health care needs who are most likely to face hospitalization or death in the following two years-are most often initially seen in the primary care setting. This small group of patients uses a disproportionate amount of care resources. Contributing to the challenges of care planning for this population is that individuals are highly heterogeneous; no two patients present the same set of symptoms, diagnoses, and challenges related to social determinants of health (SDOH). Methods for early identification of these high-risk patients-and their care needs-have raised the possibility of timely enhanced care. In this study, the authors conduct a scoping review to identify existing measures of care quality; assessment and screening guidelines; and tools that (1) assess social support, the need for caregiver support, and the need for referral to social services and (2) screen for cognitive impairment (CI). Evidence-based screening guidelines define who and what should be assessed-and how often-to enhance care quality and improve health outcomes, whereas measures permit ascertainment that this assessment is occurring. Evidence-based guidelines and measures-those that are found to lead to better health care outcomes-would be candidates for inclusion in a measure dashboard for high-risk patients in primary care settings.","PeriodicalId":74637,"journal":{"name":"Rand health quarterly","volume":"10 3","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10273887/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9654408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evaluation of Los Angeles County's L.A. Dodgers 2022 Mental Health Campaign. 洛杉矶县 "洛杉矶道奇队 2022 年心理健康运动 "评估。

Rand health quarterly Pub Date : 2023-06-16 eCollection Date: 2023-06-01

Rebecca L Collins, Nicole K Eberhart, Ingrid Estrada-Darley, Elizabeth Roth

{"title":"Evaluation of Los Angeles County's L.A. Dodgers 2022 Mental Health Campaign.","authors":"Rebecca L Collins, Nicole K Eberhart, Ingrid Estrada-Darley, Elizabeth Roth","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"WhyWeRise is a social marketing campaign conducted by the Los Angeles County Department of Mental Health (LACDMH) to promote community engagement with mental health issues, reduce barriers to care, and increase awareness of how to seek mental health care. LACDMH has partnered with the Los Angeles Dodgers for several years to expand the reach of the campaign to the Major League Baseball team's audience and spread the WhyWeRise messages to the Dodgers' extensive Hispanic fan base-a key county demographic with attitudes toward mental illness that sometimes differ from those of other ethnic groups. The LACDMH/Dodgers campaign focused on awareness of resources and stigma reduction among Hispanic county residents. This study builds on prior RAND work and provides an evaluation of the reach of the 2022 Dodgers campaign overall and a focus on the reach to (and potential impact of outreach on) attendees of 2022 Dodger games. Results indicate that the Dodgers campaign reached a substantial percentage of Los Angeles County residents: 12 percent of adults and 27 percent of youth reported exposure to the campaign, translating to more than 800,000 adults and more than 400,000 youth reached. The campaign was effective in targeting Hispanic- or Latino-identifying residents, who made up 71 percent of youth who were campaign-exposed and 58 percent of adults exposed. In summary, there is evidence that the Dodgers campaign successfully reached Los Angeles County residents, particularly Hispanics and young adults, and that those reached were more aware of key county mental health resources.","PeriodicalId":74637,"journal":{"name":"Rand health quarterly","volume":"10 3","pages":"6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10273888/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10036449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evaluation of Flexible Spending Accounts for Active-Duty Service Members. 对现役军人灵活支出账户的评估。

Rand health quarterly Pub Date : 2023-06-01

Beth J Asch, Patricia K Tong, Lisa Berdie, Michael G Mattock

{"title":"Evaluation of Flexible Spending Accounts for Active-Duty Service Members.","authors":"Beth J Asch, Patricia K Tong, Lisa Berdie, Michael G Mattock","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Unlike many large employers, the U.S. military does not offer flexible spending account (FSA) options to members of the armed services and their families. Contributions to either a health care FSA (HCFSA) and/or dependent care FSA (DCFSA) reduce the amount of income subject to income and payroll taxes, thereby reducing the individual's tax liability. FSAs interact with other tax incentives in the U.S. tax code, potentially reducing or even eliminating the potential tax savings to individuals participating in an FSA. For service members to take advantage of an FSA, they must have eligible dependent care and medical expenses for themselves or their family members. For example, in the case of health care, most members would have few or no eligible out-of-pocket medical care costs associated with TRICARE. This study presents an analysis-requested by the Office of the Secretary of Defense as input for Congress-on the implications of FSA options for active-duty service members and their families that would allow pre-tax payment of dependent care expenses, insurance premiums, and out-of-pocket medical expenses. The authors evaluate the benefits and costs of FSA options to active members and the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD), and present an implementation plan should FSA options be implemented by DoD. They also identified legislative or administrative barriers to these options.","PeriodicalId":74637,"journal":{"name":"Rand health quarterly","volume":"10 3","pages":"8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10273894/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9662455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Policy Decisionmaking in Long-Term Care: Lessons from Infection Control During the COVID-19 Pandemic. 长期护理中的政策决策:COVID-19大流行期间感染控制的经验教训。

Rand health quarterly Pub Date : 2023-06-01

Lori Frank, Thomas W Concannon, Jordan M Harrison, Sarah Zelazny

{"title":"Policy Decisionmaking in Long-Term Care: Lessons from Infection Control During the COVID-19 Pandemic.","authors":"Lori Frank, Thomas W Concannon, Jordan M Harrison, Sarah Zelazny","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 pandemic focused attention on long-term care facilities' need for infection-control policies that balanced community safety and individual well-being. Infection-control policies were often developed, implemented, and mandated without the input or involvement of those who are most affected: residents and their family members, administrators, and staff. This failure led to declines in residents' physical and mental health. The pandemic exposed an opportunity-and an imperative-to reimagine long-term care in a way that is centered on the needs and preferences of those who receive care, their family members, and those who provide care. This study lays the groundwork for cultural change and a move toward inclusive policy decisionmaking in long-term care through a review of infection-control policy decisions and action items proposed in guided discussions with a diversity of stakeholders-long-term care residents, direct care staff, and consumer advocates to facility administrators, clinicians, researchers, and industry organizations. Transforming the culture of long-term care to elevate the needs of residents will require attention to facility leadership, along with steps to increase inclusiveness, transparency, and accountability in decisionmaking.","PeriodicalId":74637,"journal":{"name":"Rand health quarterly","volume":"10 3","pages":"4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10273890/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9662456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0