Pete Riley, Roberto Lionello, Jon A Linker, Mathew J Owens
{"title":"The State of the Solar Wind, Magnetosphere, and Ionosphere During the Maunder Minimum.","authors":"Pete Riley, Roberto Lionello, Jon A Linker, Mathew J Owens","doi":"10.1017/S1743921318001199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S1743921318001199","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Both direct observations and reconstructions from various datasets, suggest that conditions were radically different during the Maunder Minimum (MM) than during the space era. Using an MHD model, we develop a set of feasible solutions to infer the properties of the solar wind during this interval. Additionally, we use these results to drive a global magnetospheric model. Finally, using the 2008/2009 solar minimum as an upper limit for MM conditions, we use results from the International Reference Ionosphere (ILI) model to speculate on the state of the ionosphere. The results describe interplanetary, magnetospheric, and ionospheric conditions that were substantially different than today. For example: (1) the solar wind density and magnetic field strength were an order of magnitude lower; (2) the Earth’s magnetopause and shock standoff distances were a factor of two larger; and (3) the maximum electron density in the ionosphere was substantially lower.","PeriodicalId":74548,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union. International Astronomical Union","volume":"13 ","pages":"247-250"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/S1743921318001199","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36842884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"High Mass X-ray Binaries: Beacons in a Stormy Universe.","authors":"Douglas R Gies","doi":"10.1093/mnras/stx943","DOIUrl":"10.1093/mnras/stx943","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The discovery of gravity waves from the mergers of black hole binaries has focused the astronomical community on the high mass X-ray binaries (HMXBs) as the potential progenitors of close pairs of compact stars. This symposium gathered experts in observational and theoretical work for a very timely review of our understanding of the processes that drive the X-ray luminosity of the diverse kinds of binaries and what evolutionary stages are revealed in the observed cases. Here I offer a condensed summary of some of the results about massive star properties, the observational categories of HMXBs, their accretion processes, their numbers in the Milky Way and other galaxies, and how they may be related to the compact binaries that merge in a burst of gravity waves.</p>","PeriodicalId":74548,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union. International Astronomical Union","volume":"469 1","pages":"1166-1174"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6480420/pdf/nihms-1520861.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37368681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}