AIHAJ : a journal for the science of occupational and environmental health and safety最新文献_第9页

Effects on heat stress of a flame-retardant ensemble for aluminum smelters. 铝冶炼用阻燃系对热应力的影响。

AIHAJ : a journal for the science of occupational and environmental health and safety Pub Date : 2000-11-01 DOI: 10.1080/15298660008984600

C. Cortés-Vizcaíno, T. Bernard

{"title":"Effects on heat stress of a flame-retardant ensemble for aluminum smelters.","authors":"C. Cortés-Vizcaíno, T. Bernard","doi":"10.1080/15298660008984600","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15298660008984600","url":null,"abstract":"A common belief is that a flame-retardant clothing ensemble will increase the level of heat stress over ordinary cotton work clothes. This is supported by bench tests on fabrics that indicate higher insulation and vapor resistance values for flame-retardant clothing. This research compared a flame-retardant clothing ensemble for an aluminum smelter (Zirpo wool shirt and FR8 denim pants) with typical cotton work clothing. Four young men walked on a treadmill at two work levels inside a climatic chamber under controlled conditions of heat stress. During each test, heart rate, core temperature, and skin temperatures were continuously monitored and recorded every 5 min. After a physiological steady state was achieved, temperature and humidity were slowly increased to maintain a relative humidity of 50%. The critical condition was the time when thermal regulatory control was lost (called the inflection point, marked by a steady increase in core temperature). The climatic conditions at the inflection point were used to assign a critical wet-bulb globe temperature (WBGT). A three-way analysis of variance examined the effects on critical WBGT of clothing, work level, subjects, and the interaction between clothing and work level. There were no significant findings. Therefore, there should be no difference in the level of heat stress between the two clothing ensembles under the same environmental and work conditions.","PeriodicalId":7449,"journal":{"name":"AIHAJ : a journal for the science of occupational and environmental health and safety","volume":"7 1","pages":"873-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78993587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 8

A new passive sampler for regulated workplace ketones. 一种新的受管制工作场所酮类被动采样器。

AIHAJ : a journal for the science of occupational and environmental health and safety Pub Date : 2000-11-01 DOI: 10.1080/15298660008984590

S. Tsai, S. S. Hee

{"title":"A new passive sampler for regulated workplace ketones.","authors":"S. Tsai, S. S. Hee","doi":"10.1080/15298660008984590","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15298660008984590","url":null,"abstract":"A new solid sorbent passive air sampler for ketones has a silicone membrane atop a diffusion cylindrical path length of 1.1 cm and diameter 1.3 cm above a pellet of Tenax TA coated with 10% (w/w) O-(2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorobenzyl)hydroxylamine hydrochloride. Vapors of known concentrations approximating their workplace permissible exposure limits of Occupational Safety and Health Administration-regulated ketones at a relative humidity (RH) of 3 +/- 1% were generated by a syringe pump connected to a dynamic air dilution system connected to an exposure chamber that allowed measurement of face velocities, temperatures, exposing vapor concentrations, and RHs. The O-oxime derivative was desorbed with hexane, and an aliquot injected for gas chromatographic analysis on a nonpolar capillary column by mass spectrometric or electron capture detection. The experimental passive sampler sampling rates in milliliters per minute at 25 degrees C were 4.07 +/- 0.49, cyclohexanone; 6.30 +/- 0.59, diethyl ketone; 6.31 +/- 0.31, ethyl n-butyl ketone; 3.78 +/- 0.25, methyl n-amyl ketone; 3.43 +/- 0.19, methyl n-butyl ketone; 6.48 +/- 0.64, methyl ethyl ketone; 4.37 +/- 0.43, methyl isopropyl ketone; and 4.57 +/- 0.17, methyl n-propyl ketone. These preliminary data show that sterically unhindered ketones can be sampled by the passive sampler as well as aldehydes.","PeriodicalId":7449,"journal":{"name":"AIHAJ : a journal for the science of occupational and environmental health and safety","volume":"32 1","pages":"808-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73694409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Lip lead as an alternative measure for lead exposure assessment of lead battery assembly workers. 唇铅作为铅电池组装工人铅暴露评估的替代措施。

AIHAJ : a journal for the science of occupational and environmental health and safety Pub Date : 2000-11-01 DOI: 10.1080/15298660008984593

Y. Hwang, K. Chao, C. W. Chang, F. Hsiao, H. Chang, H. Han

{"title":"Lip lead as an alternative measure for lead exposure assessment of lead battery assembly workers.","authors":"Y. Hwang, K. Chao, C. W. Chang, F. Hsiao, H. Chang, H. Han","doi":"10.1080/15298660008984593","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15298660008984593","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated lead exposures of lead battery assembly workers in Taiwan. A special attempt was made to evaluate the use of lip lead as an alternative index for occupational lead exposure. Ninety-six of 113 workers from a lead battery plant were recruited as study subjects. Air lead; lead loadings on workers' sleeves, gloves, hands, cheeks, and lips; and blood lead were determined for exposure assessment. A questionnaire also was administered to collect information on work history, suspected exogenous lead sources, and personal behavior and activities. Geometric means of total air lead at different subareas ranged from 0.070 (2.5 geometric standard deviation [GSD]) to 0.159 (1.8 GSD) mg/m3. Geometric means of respirable air lead level for different subgroups of workers varied from 0.009 (2.0 GSD) to 0.032 (1.9 GSD) mg/m3, whereas those of the blood lead level ranged from 22.4 (1.3 GSD) to 44.5 (1.3 GSD) microg/dL. The heaviest lead loadings were found for plate-processing workers (e.g., 66.4 [1.5 GSD] on gloves, 0.80 [3.7 GSD] on cheeks, and 0.79 [3.2 GSD] microg/cm2) on bare-hands after washing. Blood lead level was significantly correlated with lead levels in air, lead loadings on lips, and bare hands after washing (r=0.24-0.30). Results of multiple regression analysis showed that only lip lead had a significant effect on the blood lead, whereas respirable air lead and personal behavior had only mild effects in this model. It was concluded that lip lead level may be used as an alternative index of lead exposure to facilitate the estimation of lead uptake through ingestion.","PeriodicalId":7449,"journal":{"name":"AIHAJ : a journal for the science of occupational and environmental health and safety","volume":"83 1","pages":"825-31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86200309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 13

A quantitative study of aromatic amine permeation through protective gloves using amine adsorptive pads. 胺吸附垫防护手套对芳香胺渗透的定量研究。

AIHAJ : a journal for the science of occupational and environmental health and safety Pub Date : 2000-11-01 DOI: 10.1080/15298660008984595

E. Vo, S. Berardinelli, R. Hall, N. El Ayouby

引用次数: 8

Performance of Air-O-Cell, Burkard, and Button Samplers for total enumeration of airborne spores. Air-O-Cell、Burkard和Button采样器对空气中孢子总数计数的性能。

AIHAJ : a journal for the science of occupational and environmental health and safety Pub Date : 2000-11-01 DOI: 10.1080/15298660008984598

V. Aĭzenberg, T. Reponen, S. Grinshpun, K. Willeke

{"title":"Performance of Air-O-Cell, Burkard, and Button Samplers for total enumeration of airborne spores.","authors":"V. Aĭzenberg, T. Reponen, S. Grinshpun, K. Willeke","doi":"10.1080/15298660008984598","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15298660008984598","url":null,"abstract":"Performance of three devices used for the total enumeration of airborne spores-the Air-O-Cell sampling cassette, the Burkard personal volumetric air sampler, and the Button Aerosol Sampler--was evaluated under controlled laboratory conditions. The first two are glass-slide impactors; the third collects spores on a filter. The samplers were challenged with 0.44-5.10 microm polystyrene latex particles and five microorganisms of 0.84-3.07 microm mean aerodynamic diameter: Streptomyces albus, Bacillus subtilis, Cladosporium cladosporioides, Penicillium brevicompactum, and Penicillium melinii. An optical particle counter measured the particle concentrations upstream and downstream of each sampler, and thus determined the physical collection efficiency of the three samplers. Collection efficiency of the Button Aerosol Sampler was close to 100% for the entire particle size range studied. The cut-off size of each impactor was 2.3-2.4 microm. Acridine orange (with epifluorescent microscopy) and lactophenol cotton blue (with bright light microscopy) staining techniques were used for the microscopic enumeration of spores. No significant difference in microscopic counts was found (at the 95% significance level) when using these two techniques with the Button Aerosol Sampler filters. When the lactophenol cotton blue staining was used to compare total microbial counts yielded by all three samplers, the Button Sampler showed significantly higher counts for the smaller size microorganisms (B. subtilis and C. cladosporioides). For the larger microorganisms (P. brevicompactum and P. melinii) all three samplers yielded similar results. Uniformity of particle deposition on the collection surface was highest for the Button Aerosol Sampler due to the design of its inlet. Thus, the filter collection method used with the Button Aerosol Sampler is suitable and can be advantageous for the enumeration of total airborne spores.","PeriodicalId":7449,"journal":{"name":"AIHAJ : a journal for the science of occupational and environmental health and safety","volume":"5 1","pages":"855-64"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81302722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 106

National Occupational Health Service policies and programs for workers in small-scale industries in China. 国家职业卫生服务机构对中国小型工业工人的政策和规划。

AIHAJ : a journal for the science of occupational and environmental health and safety Pub Date : 2000-11-01 DOI: 10.1080/15298660008984596

S. Zhi, W. Sheng, S. Levine

{"title":"National Occupational Health Service policies and programs for workers in small-scale industries in China.","authors":"S. Zhi, W. Sheng, S. Levine","doi":"10.1080/15298660008984596","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15298660008984596","url":null,"abstract":"Over the 14 years since economic reform began, and the restructuring of the economy to encourage international trade, a large number of township enterprises have been developed and put into operation in the Peoples Republic of China. From 1978 to 1991, the number of enterprises has increased 11.5 times; the number of employees has increased 2.4 times; the fixed assets have increased 13.7 times; and the value of the total output has increased 22.5 times. In this article, a report is given on a sample survey in 30 counties in 1990, which showed that 82.69% of rural industrial enterprises had at least one type of occupational hazard in their work environments. Workers engaged in at least one type of hazardous working environment accounted for 33.91% of the blue-collar workers. Physical examinations were performed for seven types of occupational diseases: silicosis, coal worker's pneumoconiosis, asbestosis, chronic lead poisoning, benzene analogs poisoning, chronic chromium poisoning, and noise-induced hearing loss. The total detectable rate of the seven types of occupational diseases was 4.4% among those workers. In addition, 11% had illnesses suspected of being (though not proven to be) caused by occupational exposures. Most township enterprises do not provide basic occupational health services. The coverage of five routine occupational health service activities provided for township enterprises were very limited, from 1.4 to 36%.","PeriodicalId":7449,"journal":{"name":"AIHAJ : a journal for the science of occupational and environmental health and safety","volume":"261 1","pages":"842-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73556591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 29

A method for the analysis of butyltin chlorides in air by gas chromatography with atomic emission detection. 气相色谱-原子发射检测法分析空气中丁基锡氯化物。

AIHAJ : a journal for the science of occupational and environmental health and safety Pub Date : 2000-11-01 DOI: 10.1080/15298660008984592

L. M. Allan, D. Verma, F. Yang, Y. Chau, R. Maguire

引用次数: 1

Determining parameters of lognormal distributions from minimal information. 从最小信息确定对数正态分布的参数。

AIHAJ : a journal for the science of occupational and environmental health and safety Pub Date : 2000-11-01 DOI: 10.1080/15298660008984601

D. J. Strom, P. Stansbury

引用次数: 29

Copper exposure and metal fume fever: lack of evidence for a causal relationship. 铜暴露与金属烟雾热:缺乏因果关系的证据。

AIHAJ : a journal for the science of occupational and environmental health and safety Pub Date : 2000-11-01 DOI: 10.1080/15298660008984594

J. Borak, H. Cohen, T. Hethmon

引用次数: 30

Identifying the determinants of viable microorganisms in the air and bulk metalworking fluids. 确定空气和金属加工液中活菌的决定因素。

AIHAJ : a journal for the science of occupational and environmental health and safety Pub Date : 2000-11-01 DOI: 10.1080/15298660008984588

M. Virji, S. Woskie, S. Sama, D. Kriebel, D. Eberiel

{"title":"Identifying the determinants of viable microorganisms in the air and bulk metalworking fluids.","authors":"M. Virji, S. Woskie, S. Sama, D. Kriebel, D. Eberiel","doi":"10.1080/15298660008984588","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15298660008984588","url":null,"abstract":"Exposure assessment was conducted for an epidemiologic study of the respiratory effects of exposure to metalworking fluids (MWF). As part of the study, airborne microorganisms were collected with a two-stage microbial impactor, and a sample of the bulk soluble MWF was collected from each machine sump, as well as information about the work environment. These data were then used to develop multivariate statistical models of the determinants bulk MWF and airborne microbial levels. Microbial concentrations in the bulk MWF ranged from 5 x 10(4) to 5 x 10(10) colony-forming units (CFU)/mL, with a geometric mean of 3.4 x 10(7) CFU/mL. The geometric mean airborne microbial level was 182 CFU/m3 (for particles size <8 microm) with a range of 1 to 8,308 CFU/m3. In modeling the determinants of bulk microorganisms, fluid-related factors were the most important characteristics associated with microbial levels, followed by process-related and environmental factors. The final full multivariate model predicted a significant reduction in bulk microbial levels by increasing pH of the fluid and reducing the amount of tramp oil leaking into the fluid. For the airborne microbial models, process-related factors were the major characteristics associated with microbial levels, followed by factors related to worker activities and environmental factors. The final full multivariate model predicted a significant control of airborne microorganisms by increasing worker distance from the machine, reducing the number of machines within 10 feet of the worker, decreasing the bulk microbial levels, and adding machine enclosures. These models can be used to prioritize nonbiocidal interventions to control microbial contamination of the bulk MWF and the air.","PeriodicalId":7449,"journal":{"name":"AIHAJ : a journal for the science of occupational and environmental health and safety","volume":"52 1","pages":"788-97"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76060448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 19