AIHAJ : a journal for the science of occupational and environmental health and safety最新文献_第8页

Workplace protection factors--supplied air hood. 工作场所保护因素——送风罩。

AIHAJ : a journal for the science of occupational and environmental health and safety Pub Date : 2001-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/15298660108984615

T. J. Nelson, T. H. Wheeler, T. Mustard

引用次数: 10

Respiratory protection as a function of respirator fitting characteristics and fit-test accuracy. 呼吸防护功能取决于呼吸器的适配特性和适配测试的准确性。

AIHAJ : a journal for the science of occupational and environmental health and safety Pub Date : 2001-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/15298660108984607

D. Campbell, C. Coffey, S. Lenhart

{"title":"Respiratory protection as a function of respirator fitting characteristics and fit-test accuracy.","authors":"D. Campbell, C. Coffey, S. Lenhart","doi":"10.1080/15298660108984607","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15298660108984607","url":null,"abstract":"The fitting characteristics of particulate respirators are no longer assessed in the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health respirator certification program. It is important for respirator program administrators to understand the implications of that change and the additional burden it may impose. To address that issue, a typical respirator fit-testing program is analyzed using a mathematical model that describes the effectiveness of a fit-testing program as a function of the fitting characteristics of the respirator and the accuracy of the fittesting method. The model is used to estimate (1) the respirator assignment error, the percentage of respirator wearers mistakenly assigned an ill-fitting respirator; (2) the number of fit-test trials necessary to qualify a group of workers for respirator use; and (3) the number of workers who will fail the fit-test with any candidate respirator model and thereby fail to qualify for respirator use. Using data from previous studies, the model predicts respirator assignment errors ranging from 0 to 20%, depending on the fitting characteristics of the respirator models selected and the fit-testing method used. This analysis indicates that when respirators do not necessarily have good fitting characteristics, respirator program administrators should exercise increased care in the selection of respirator models and increased care in fit-testing. Also presented are ways to assess the fitting characteristics of candidate respirator models by monitoring the first-time fit-testing results. The model demonstrates that significant public health and economic benefits can result when only respirators having good fitting characteristics are purchased and respirators are assigned to workers using highly accurate fit-testing methods.","PeriodicalId":7449,"journal":{"name":"AIHAJ : a journal for the science of occupational and environmental health and safety","volume":"89 10 1","pages":"36-44"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87708234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 32

Ion mobility spectrometric monitoring of phosdrin from foliage in greenhouse. 温室叶片磷素离子迁移率光谱监测。

AIHAJ : a journal for the science of occupational and environmental health and safety Pub Date : 2001-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/15298660108984613

K. Tuovinen, H. Paakkanen, O. Hänninen, J. Ruuskanen

{"title":"Ion mobility spectrometric monitoring of phosdrin from foliage in greenhouse.","authors":"K. Tuovinen, H. Paakkanen, O. Hänninen, J. Ruuskanen","doi":"10.1080/15298660108984613","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15298660108984613","url":null,"abstract":"The monitoring of Phosdrin (mevinphos; insecticide) from foliage and foliage extracts was achieved by an aspiration-type ion mobility spectrometer. This technique is based on ion mobility, which is proportional to the molecular weight, shape, and charge. The operation principle of the ion mobility spectrometer is to measure mobility distribution changes of product and reactant ions. This technique can measure positive and negative ion clusters at the same time in six different measuring electrodes. Each measuring electrode detects a different portion of the ion mobility distribution formed within the cell's radioactive source. The pattern recognition used is based on differences in the gas profiles for different compounds. This study shows that an ion mobility spectrometer can be used to monitor Phosdrin from foliage without the need for any time-consuming extraction procedure. The responses for Phosdrin-containing and background (control) samples were easily separated from each other. The responses declined as a function of time in the positive and sum response channels. In addition, the sum of the absolute values of signals at six measuring channels (sum response) were linearly proportional to the concentration of Phosdrin. Just before application (i.e., in background), this value was 41 bits, whereas these values were 10-fold, 11-fold, 8-fold, 6-fold, 5-fold, and 3.5-fold at the time points 4, 8, 11, 24, 50, and 72 hours after the spraying of Phosdrin.","PeriodicalId":7449,"journal":{"name":"AIHAJ : a journal for the science of occupational and environmental health and safety","volume":"1 1","pages":"80-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79201219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Subchronic inhalation exposures to aerosols of three petroleum lubricants. 亚慢性吸入暴露于三种石油润滑油的气溶胶。

AIHAJ : a journal for the science of occupational and environmental health and safety Pub Date : 2001-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/15298660108984609

W. Dalbey

{"title":"Subchronic inhalation exposures to aerosols of three petroleum lubricants.","authors":"W. Dalbey","doi":"10.1080/15298660108984609","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15298660108984609","url":null,"abstract":"Subchronic inhalation studies were performed with three petroleum lubricants: generic cutting oil (GCO), generic gear oil (GO), and generic commercial engine oil (CEO). Each formulation had a mineral oil base. Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed 6 hours/day, 5 days/week for 13 weeks to aerosol concentrations of 0 (untreated controls), 0 (sham-exposed controls), approximately 50, 150, or 400-520 mg/m3. At necropsy, 15 rats/sex/group were sampled for serum chemistry (18 parameters), hematology, and weights of 13 organs. Testis and epididymis of males in the control and high-dose group were used for number of spermatids and morphology of epididymal sperm. Histopathological slides were evaluated for 22 or more organs. Pulmonary function tests were done on 10 additional males/group. Pulmonary hydroxyproline was measured in these rats for GCO and GO. Residual oil in the lungs was determined for GCO. The primary organ affected by exposures to these three formulations was the lung; the main observed effects were accumulation of foamy macrophages in pulmonary alveoli and alveolar walls, very mild thickening of alveolar walls due to foamy macrophages and a mixed cell infiltrate, and subtle epithelial hyperplasia. The foamy macrophages tended to group together in aggregates, and the aggregates seemed responsible for plaques seen visibly on the surface of the lung. These histological changes were accompanied by concentration-related increases in lung weight and pulmonary hydroxyproline, whereas pulmonary function tests were generally unaffected. Effects distal to the lung were more limited. These results indicated low toxicity of these aerosols in this model.","PeriodicalId":7449,"journal":{"name":"AIHAJ : a journal for the science of occupational and environmental health and safety","volume":"117 1","pages":"49-56"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76425154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 14

Determination of capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin in air in a pickle and pepper processing plant. 泡菜和辣椒加工厂空气中辣椒素和二氢辣椒素的测定。

AIHAJ : a journal for the science of occupational and environmental health and safety Pub Date : 2001-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/15298660108984608

S. P. Tucker

{"title":"Determination of capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin in air in a pickle and pepper processing plant.","authors":"S. P. Tucker","doi":"10.1080/15298660108984608","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15298660108984608","url":null,"abstract":"A sampling and analytical method has been developed for measurement of capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin in air. This method is applicable to measurement of the capsaicinoids in air in pepper processing plants and involves air sampling with a 13-mm glass fiber filter, recovery of the sample with 2 mL of acetonitrile, filtration of the solution, and analysis by high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. Excitation and emission wavelengths of the detector were 281 and 312 nm, respectively. Average recoveries were 98 to 104% after fortification of glass fiber filters with 0.13- to 2.9-microg quantities of capsaicin. Average recoveries of dihydrocapsaicin were 93 to 99% after fortification of glass fiber filters with 0.11- to 3.0-microg quantities. Detection limits of capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin were 0.015 and 0.02 microg per sample, respectively. This method was used successfully for determining air concentrations of capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin in a health hazard evaluation at a large pickle and pepper processing plant. An interesting phenomenon was the fact that the ratio of capsaicin to dihydrocapsaicin in each of the largest air samples was in the range of 0.3:1 to 0.5:1. Generally, capsaicin is the capsaicinoid that occurs in Capsicum fruit in the greatest relative abundance.","PeriodicalId":7449,"journal":{"name":"AIHAJ : a journal for the science of occupational and environmental health and safety","volume":"2015 1","pages":"45-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73904577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 8

Interchangeability of gas detection tubes and hand pumps. 气体检测管和手动泵的互换性。

AIHAJ : a journal for the science of occupational and environmental health and safety Pub Date : 2001-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/15298660108984611

W. Haag

{"title":"Interchangeability of gas detection tubes and hand pumps.","authors":"W. Haag","doi":"10.1080/15298660108984611","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15298660108984611","url":null,"abstract":"Users of gas detection tubes occasionally seek the convenience of using a single hand pump with different brands of tubes, to avoid the need to carry more than one pump. Several professional organizations recommend against such interchange. However, these recommendations appear to be based on a single study of pump designs that mostly are no longer in use. The present study was undertaken to determine if current hand pumps are interchangeable. Both piston-type and bellows-type hand pumps were evaluated by comparing pump flow profiles and test gas measurements with a variety of tubes. The results demonstrate that three piston hand pumps in common use (Sensidyne/Gastec GV/100, RAE Systems LP-1200, and Matheson-Kitagawa 8104-400A) are fully interchangeable. Two bellows pumps (Draeger Accuro and MSA Kwik-Draw) also are interchangeable with each other. Mixing of bellows and piston systems is often possible, but there are enough exceptions to conclude that such practice should be discouraged because it can give inaccurate readings. It is recommended that technical standards be adopted, such as total volume and an initial pump vacuum or a pump flow curve, to assess hand pump interchangeability. When two manufacturers' pumps meet the same standard and routine leak tests are conducted, interchangeability is scientifically valid and poses no risk to the end user while offering greater convenience.","PeriodicalId":7449,"journal":{"name":"AIHAJ : a journal for the science of occupational and environmental health and safety","volume":"62 1 1","pages":"65-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87609366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Hydrocarbon solvent exposure data: compilation and analysis of the literature. 烃溶剂暴露数据:文献汇编与分析。

AIHAJ : a journal for the science of occupational and environmental health and safety Pub Date : 2000-11-01 DOI: 10.1080/15298660008984602

D. J. Caldwell, T. Armstrong, N. Barone, J. Suder, M. Evans

{"title":"Hydrocarbon solvent exposure data: compilation and analysis of the literature.","authors":"D. J. Caldwell, T. Armstrong, N. Barone, J. Suder, M. Evans","doi":"10.1080/15298660008984602","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15298660008984602","url":null,"abstract":"An occupational exposure database for hydrocarbon solvent end-use applications was constructed from the published literature. The database provides exposure assessment information for such purposes as regulatory risk assessments, support of industry product stewardship initiatives, and identification of applications in which limited exposure data are available. It is quantitative, documented, and based on credible data. Approximately 350 articles containing quantitative hydrocarbon solvent exposure data were identified using a search of computer databases of published literature. Many articles did not report sufficient details of the exposure data for inclusion in the database (e.g., full-shift exposure or task-based exposure data). Others were excluded because only limited summary statistics were provided, which precluded statistical analysis of the data (e.g., arithmetic mean concentration presented, but no sample number). Following evaluation, 16,880 hydrocarbon solvent exposure measurements from 99 articles were entered into a database for analysis. Methods used to identify and evaluate published solvent exposure data are described along with more detailed analysis of worker exposure to hydrocarbon solvents in three major end-use applications: painting and coating, printing, and adhesives. Solvent exposures were evaluated against current ACGIH threshold limit values (TLVs) and trends were identified. Limited quantitative data are available prior to 1970. In general, reported hydrocarbon solvent exposures decreased fourfold from 1960 to 1998, were below the TLVs applicable to specific hydrocarbon solvents at the time, and on average have been below 40% of the TLV since 1980. The database already has proved valuable; however, the utility of published exposure data could be further improved if authors consistently reported essential data elements and supporting information.","PeriodicalId":7449,"journal":{"name":"AIHAJ : a journal for the science of occupational and environmental health and safety","volume":"30 1","pages":"881-94"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78138329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 55

Evaluation of portable air samplers for monitoring airborne culturable bacteria. 监测空气中可培养细菌的便携式空气采样器的评价。

AIHAJ : a journal for the science of occupational and environmental health and safety Pub Date : 2000-11-01 DOI: 10.1080/15298660008984597

S. Mehta, D. Bell-Robinson, T. O. Groves, L. Stetzenbach, D. Pierson

{"title":"Evaluation of portable air samplers for monitoring airborne culturable bacteria.","authors":"S. Mehta, D. Bell-Robinson, T. O. Groves, L. Stetzenbach, D. Pierson","doi":"10.1080/15298660008984597","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15298660008984597","url":null,"abstract":"Airborne culturable bacteria were monitored at five locations (three in an office/laboratory building and two in a private residence) in a series of experiments designed to compare the efficiency of four air samplers: the Andersen two-stage, Burkard portable, RCS Plus, and SAS Super 90 samplers. A total of 280 samples was collected. The four samplers were operated simultaneously, each sampling 100 L of air with collection on trypticase soy agar. The data were corrected by applying positive hole conversion factors for the Burkard portable, Andersen two-stage, and SAS Super 90 air samplers, and were expressed as log10 values prior to statistical analysis by analysis of variance. The Burkard portable air sampler retrieved the highest number of airborne culturable bacteria at four of the five sampling sites, followed by the SAS Super 90 and the Andersen two-stage impactor. The number of bacteria retrieved by the RCS Plus was significantly less than those retrieved by the other samplers. Among the predominant bacterial genera retrieved by all samplers were Staphylococcus, Bacillus, Corynebacterium, Micrococcus, and Streptococcus.","PeriodicalId":7449,"journal":{"name":"AIHAJ : a journal for the science of occupational and environmental health and safety","volume":"22 1","pages":"850-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79038384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 33

Building materials used in construction can affect indoor fungal levels greatly. 建筑中使用的建筑材料对室内真菌水平影响很大。

AIHAJ : a journal for the science of occupational and environmental health and safety Pub Date : 2000-11-01 DOI: 10.1080/15298660008984603

P. Ellringer, K. Boone, S. Hendrickson

引用次数: 33

Lead exposure among workers renovating a previously deleaded bridge: comparison of trades, work tasks. 修复先前被拆除桥梁的工人的铅暴露:行业、工作任务的比较。

AIHAJ : a journal for the science of occupational and environmental health and safety Pub Date : 2000-11-01 DOI: 10.1080/15298660008984591

J. Johnson, S. Reynolds, L. Fuortes, W. R. Clarke

{"title":"Lead exposure among workers renovating a previously deleaded bridge: comparison of trades, work tasks.","authors":"J. Johnson, S. Reynolds, L. Fuortes, W. R. Clarke","doi":"10.1080/15298660008984591","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15298660008984591","url":null,"abstract":"Airborne and surface lead exposures were evaluated for construction trade groups at a previously deleaded bridge renovation site in the midwestern United States. Although all lead-based paint should have been removed, old layers of leaded paint were still present on some sections of the bridge. Ironworkers performing metal torch cutting had the highest exposures (188 microg/m3), followed by workers engaged in clean-up operations and paint removal (p < 0.001). Respirators were most frequently worn by workers with the greatest lead exposures; however, laborers performing clean-up operations had exposures to lead dust of 43 microg/m3 and often wore no respiratory protection. Wipe samples revealed that almost all contractor vehicles were contaminated with lead. Heavy equipment operators with low airborne lead exposure had the highest levels of surface contamination in personal vehicles (3,600 microg/m2). Laborers cleaning structural steel with compressed air and ironworkers exposed to lead fumes from cutting had the highest concentrations of lead dust on clothing (mean 4,766 microg/m2). Handwashing facilities were provided, but were infrequently used. No separate clothes changing facility was available at the site. The potential for \"take-home\" contamination was high, even though this site was thought to be relatively free of lead. Construction contractors and their workers need to be aware that previous deleading of a site may not preclude exposure to significant amounts of lead.","PeriodicalId":7449,"journal":{"name":"AIHAJ : a journal for the science of occupational and environmental health and safety","volume":"54 1","pages":"815-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73572331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 8