Porto biomedical journal最新文献

{"title":"Mapping stillbirth and infant mortality rates: a district-wise exploration using civil registration system reports of Karnataka.","authors":"Deepthy Melepurakkal Sadanandan, Kalesh M Karun, Ashwini Dandappanavar, Umesh S Charantimath, Manjunath S Somannavar, Shivaprasad S Goudar","doi":"10.1097/j.pbj.0000000000000294","DOIUrl":"10.1097/j.pbj.0000000000000294","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Reducing stillbirth and infant mortality rates has become the primary focus of global public health initiatives to improve maternal and child health. This study aimed to investigate the temporal and spatial variations of stillbirth and infant mortality in Karnataka using the Civil Registration System (CRS) reports, examining trends from 1971 to 2022.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>District-wise summaries of stillbirth and infant mortality rates from CRS reports were analyzed using geospatial techniques, including choropleth mapping and spatial autocorrelation, to assess their distribution across Karnataka districts for selected years (2001, 2010, and 2022).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The findings reveal distinct temporal patterns in stillbirth rates over the study period, allowing for the identification of areas of concern. Dharwad district exhibited the highest stillbirth rate (16.67 per 1,000 total births), whereas Chamarajanagara reported highest infant mortality rate (21.88 infant deaths per 1,000 live births) in 2022. As per 2022 CRS reports, both stillbirth and infant mortality rates were highest in Dharwad, Gadag, Davangere, and Chitradurga districts. Spatial analysis techniques highlight clusters and disparities in stillbirth occurrences among different districts, providing valuable insights into regional variations.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study highlights a declining trend in the number of stillbirths and reveals substantial spatial disparities in both stillbirth and infant mortality rates across Karnataka. The identification of high-burden districts such as Dharwad, Gadag, Davangere, and Chitradurga emphasizes the need for geographically targeted strategies to improve maternal and child health outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":74479,"journal":{"name":"Porto biomedical journal","volume":"10 3","pages":"e294"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12144636/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144259572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early coronary arterial disease in Sub-Saharan Africa: an emerging challenge for public health.","authors":"Miguel B A Vicente, Roger R Dopico, Luis Mariano, Humberto Morais, Tomás Peralta","doi":"10.1097/j.pbj.0000000000000293","DOIUrl":"10.1097/j.pbj.0000000000000293","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":74479,"journal":{"name":"Porto biomedical journal","volume":"10 3","pages":"e293"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12144639/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144259571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emergency department eosinophil counts and mortality in Clostridium difficile: a multihospital retrospective cohort study.","authors":"Sarah Bella, Cosimo Laterza, Danielle Biggs, Brian Walsh, Caitlin Gaudio, Daniel Pacitto, Michael E Silverman","doi":"10.1097/j.pbj.0000000000000292","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/j.pbj.0000000000000292","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Clostridium difficile (Clostridioides difficile) infection (CDI) is the most common nosocomial infection in the United States, with mortality rates approaching 25% within 2 months of diagnosis. While current guidelines focus on CDI management once systemic symptoms develop, limited research has explored early predictors of disease severity. Eosinophils play a key role in gut immunity, and prior studies suggest absolute eosinopenia may be associated with severe CDI. This study evaluates the relationship between initial emergency department eosinophil counts and in-hospital mortality, with secondary assessments of admission rates, length of hospital stay, vasopressor use, and the need for surgical intervention.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a retrospective cohort study across 3 hospitals from July 1, 2018, to September 1, 2019. Adult patients with a positive Clostridium difficile stool assay and a documented eosinophil count during their emergency department evaluation were included. Patients already on CDI treatment, those younger than 18 years, and those without eosinophil counts were excluded. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. Secondary outcomes included admission rates, length of hospital stay, vasopressor use, and surgical intervention. Eosinophil counts were categorized 0.0 cells/μL (absolute eosinopenia) and >0.0 cells/μL. Odds ratios and relative risks were calculated with 95% confidence intervals.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 326 patients, 56 had eosinophil counts of 0.0 cells/μL, while 270 had counts >0.0 cells/μL. Patients with eosinophil counts of 0.0 cells/μL had higher mortality (16% vs. 6%, OR: 2.98, 95% CI: 1.25-7.15), increased admission rates (87% vs. 57%, OR: 5.05, 95% CI: 2.23-11.41), and longer hospital stays (7.1 vs. 3.4 days, <i>P</i> < .001). No significant differences were observed in vasopressor use or surgical intervention.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>An initial emergency department eosinophil count of 0.0 cells/μL is associated with increased mortality, admission rates, and prolonged hospital stays in CDI. Absolute eosinopenia may serve as an early prognostic marker for disease severity, warranting further prospective investigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":74479,"journal":{"name":"Porto biomedical journal","volume":"10 3","pages":"e292"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12052227/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144036841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Renal, cardiac, and neurologic disease in a patient with Fabry disease, hemizygous for the c.639+5G>C intronic variant in the galactosidase alpha (<i>GLA</i>) gene.","authors":"José Pedro L Nunes, Ricardo Soares-Dos-Reis, Maria do Sameiro Faria, Elisabete Martins, Teresa Pinho, João Rebelo, Rute N Fonseca, Martin Balboa López, Susana Ferreira, João Paulo Oliveira","doi":"10.1097/j.pbj.0000000000000291","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/j.pbj.0000000000000291","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":74479,"journal":{"name":"Porto biomedical journal","volume":"10 2","pages":"e291"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11984774/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143994046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exercise across the cardiovascular continuum: expanding perspectives on its key role in contemporary clinical practice.","authors":"Eduardo Vilela, Marco Oliveira, Madalena Teixeira, Andreia Coelho, Sofia Viamonte, Ricardo Fontes-Carvalho","doi":"10.1097/j.pbj.0000000000000290","DOIUrl":"10.1097/j.pbj.0000000000000290","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":74479,"journal":{"name":"Porto biomedical journal","volume":"10 2","pages":"e290"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11957623/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143765944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Knowledge and perceptions of regional anesthesia and block room usage among orthopaedic surgeons and nurses.","authors":"Ângela Barbosa Mendes, Carlota Carvalho da Silva, Raquel Dias, Catarina S Nunes, Humberto Machado, Neusa Lages","doi":"10.1097/j.pbj.0000000000000288","DOIUrl":"10.1097/j.pbj.0000000000000288","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The performance of regional anesthesia (RA) in a block room (BR) may have an impact on the efficiency of the orthopaedics operating room (OR). The aim of this study was to understand the knowledge of healthcare professionals regarding RA and BR.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Two types of pilot surveys were developed and applied in three independent hospitals. Statistical validation of the survey was performed (Cronbach alpha coefficient and factor analysis), followed by its restructuring. Validated surveys were randomly delivered to orthopaedists and OR nurses from our institution, and a descriptive analysis was performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The pilot surveys presented a Cronbach alpha of 0.533 and 0.417 in the orthopaedic and OR nurse groups, respectively. Two questions in each survey were removed, increasing the internal consistency of the final restructured surveys. There was a total of 126 validated surveys completed (46 by orthopaedists and 76 by OR nurses). Both groups consider that, compared with general anesthesia, RA is associated with better pain control (95.7%/93.4%), fewer side effects (63%/73.7%), and improved patient satisfaction (84.7%/69.7%). Both groups would choose RA for themselves (89.1%/89.5%) and recommend it to a family member (89.1%/92.1%). Regarding BR, 80.4% of orthopaedists agreed that it is associated with less time wasted in anesthetic preparation, higher productivity (65.2%), and greater efficacy (65.2%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Most orthopaedists and OR nurses recognized the various benefits of RA. Orthopaedists agreed that BR improves outcomes and provides efficiency gains in the OR. Genuine support from the entire OR team can play a critical role in the change.</p>","PeriodicalId":74479,"journal":{"name":"Porto biomedical journal","volume":"10 2","pages":"e288"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11957638/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143765945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isolated syndesmotic injury: treatment with suture button system-retrospective cohort study.","authors":"Luís Fabião, Vítor Macedo-Campos, Rita Ferreira de Castro, Tiago Frada, Luís Miguel Silva, Nuno Esteves, Bruno S Pereira","doi":"10.1097/j.pbj.0000000000000287","DOIUrl":"10.1097/j.pbj.0000000000000287","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Ankle injuries, often involving the syndesmotic complex, are common and may lead to acute instability. The syndesmosis, comprising several key ligaments, provides critical support for ankle function. This study assesses the efficacy and safety of the suture button system for isolated syndesmotic injuries, a treatment method that is gaining popularity over traditional transsyndesmotic screws.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective review was conducted on patients treated surgically with the suture button system for isolated syndesmotic injuries from January 2018 to December 2023. Key outcomes measured included time to full weight-bearing, returning of daily activities, and complications. The study also compared these outcomes with historical data from screw fixation methods.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Thirty-two patients (20 men, 12 women; mean age 41.66 ± 16.57 years [range 16-72 years]) were analyzed over an average follow-up of 9.94 ± 5.49 months (range 3-28 months). Patients achieved full weight-bearing at 1.23 ± 0.31 months postoperatively, resumed daily activities with restrictions at 3 ± 1.09 months, and without restrictions at 6.67 ± 2.55 months. No major complications were reported; minor complications included implant removal due to irritation in two patients (6.25%) and minor wound issues in one patient (3.13%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The suture button system demonstrated good outcomes in allowing physiological motion, low malreduction rates, and minimizing reoperation needs. The present results indicate a promising safety profile and functional recovery, despite limitations such as small sample size and lack of patient-reported outcome measures.</p>","PeriodicalId":74479,"journal":{"name":"Porto biomedical journal","volume":"10 2","pages":"e287"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11922477/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143672095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Red cell transfusions in patients with cancer in palliative care: a multicentric study.","authors":"José António Ferraz-Gonçalves, Florbela Gonçalves, Jorge de Castro, Margarida Gaudêncio, Micaela Sousa, Rafael Muñoz-Romero, Susete Freitas","doi":"10.1097/j.pbj.0000000000000285","DOIUrl":"10.1097/j.pbj.0000000000000285","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Anemia is frequent in palliative care, and transfusions are often used to correct it. Research indicates that transfusions are sometimes based solely on hemoglobin levels rather than patients' symptoms and administered in those with very short survival.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To survey the transfusion practice of Portuguese palliative teams.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This is a multicentric and retrospective study involving patients who received red blood cell transfusions in 2021, followed by palliative care teams.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Five palliative care teams participated and included 86 patients who underwent 122 transfusion episodes; 49 (57%) were male, and the median age was 76 years (43-100). The median hemoglobin level before transfusion was 7.4 g/dL (3.7-11.5). Symptomatic improvement was observed in 30 (25%) episodes; in 19 (16%), there was no improvement; and the outcome was not recorded in 73 (60%). Fatigue (38%) and low hemoglobin level (37%) were the most common reasons for transfusion. Decisions to transfuse, recorded primarily by one palliative care team, were often made by nonpalliative care doctors concurrently treating these patients, mostly in the emergency department. Those patients had more complications and significantly shorter survival compared with those whose transfusions were decided by palliative care physicians.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The decisions made by palliative care physicians regarding red blood cell transfusion deviated from the recommendations as seen in other similar studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":74479,"journal":{"name":"Porto biomedical journal","volume":"10 2","pages":"e285"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11922475/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143672096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and associated factors of COVID-19 among biomedical science students of Rivers State University, Port Harcourt, Nigeria: a cross-sectional study.","authors":"Moore I Mike-Ogburia, Gift M Hart, Barynem Vito-Peter, Aisha Dio, Victory C Nwogu","doi":"10.1097/j.pbj.0000000000000283","DOIUrl":"10.1097/j.pbj.0000000000000283","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has profoundly affected global health, emphasizing the need to assess specific populations such as university students to better understand the prevalence of the infection and its determinants. This study investigated the prevalence and associated factors of COVID-19 among biomedical science students at Rivers State University, Port Harcourt, Nigeria.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted among 220 students from March to August 2022. Data collection was performed using interviewer-administered questionnaires while COVID-19 infection was screened using the Panbio™ COVID-19 Ag Rapid Test Device. Data analysis involved both descriptive and inferential statistics, with statistical significance set at <i>P</i> ≤ .05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The prevalence of COVID-19 was 11.4% (95% CI: 7.8-16.2). Significant associations were observed between COVID-19 prevalence and facemask use, handwashing practices, use of sanitizers, and nature of accommodation. However, in the multivariable analysis, only noncompliance with facemask use was identified as a significant independent predictor of COVID-19 infection (aOR = 4.350, 95% CI: 1.379-14.13, <i>P</i> = .0124).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study highlights a concerning prevalence of COVID-19 among biomedical science students. Tailored public health strategies are essential, emphasizing compliance with preventive measures as a means to mitigate COVID-19 transmission within this crucial demographic.</p>","PeriodicalId":74479,"journal":{"name":"Porto biomedical journal","volume":"10 2","pages":"e283"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11913410/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143659923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Systolic blood pressure increase in chronic heart failure associates with survival advantage.","authors":"Helena Rocha, Rita Gouveia, Catarina Elias, Catarina Reis, Ana Margarida Fonseca, Adriana Costa, Carolina Guimarães, Rui Ribeiro, Ana Toste, Carlos Grijó, Helena Reis, Ana Neves, Jorge Almeida, Patrícia Lourenço","doi":"10.1097/j.pbj.0000000000000284","DOIUrl":"10.1097/j.pbj.0000000000000284","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The impact of systolic blood pressure (SBP) variation on chronic heart failure (HF) is largely unknown. We assessed the impact of SBP variation in patients with chronic HF.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This is a retrospective analysis of adult ambulatory patients with HF with left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD). SBP variation = SBP at the index visit - SBP at the 1-year visit. Patients dying in the first year or with missing data concerning SBP were excluded. Patients with SBP increase ≥10 mmHg during the first year were compared with the remaining. Determinants of SBP increase were assessed by binary logistic regression analysis. The patients were followed up from the 1-year visit up to 5 years. The primary end point was all-cause mortality. A Cox regression analysis was used to determine the association of SBP variation with mortality.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We studied 787 patients (68% male), with a mean age of 70 years. SBP increased by ≥10 mmHg in 277 patients (35.2%) and remained stable or decreased in 510. Patients in whom SBP increased more often presented severe LVSD and nonischemic HF; they had lower baseline SBP and were more medicated with loop diuretics. Independent predictors of SBP increase were lower basal SBP and loop diuretic use. Patients with a SBP increase ≥10 mmHg had a crude hazard ratio (HR) of all-cause mortality of 0.74 (0.59-0.94), and the multivariate-adjusted HR was 0.61 (0.46-0.79).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Patients with chronic HF with SBP increase ≥10 mmHg over the first year have a 39% reduction in the all-cause mortality risk irrespective of basal SBP, severity of ventricular dysfunction, and evidence-based drug use. Patients with SBP stability or decrease have a similarly poor prognosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":74479,"journal":{"name":"Porto biomedical journal","volume":"10 2","pages":"e284"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11913415/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143659925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}