Plant-environment interactions (Hoboken, N.J.)最新文献

{"title":"Arbuscular mycorrhizal diversity increases across a plant productivity gradient driven by soil nitrogen availability.","authors":"Morgan R McPherson, Donald R Zak, Inés Ibáñez, Rima A Upchurch, William A Argiroff","doi":"10.1002/pei3.70002","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pei3.70002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are widespread obligate symbionts of plants. This dynamic symbiosis plays a large role in successful plant performance, given that AMF help to ameliorate plant responses to abiotic and biotic stressors. Although the importance of this symbiosis is clear, less is known about what may be driving this symbiosis, the plant's need for nutrients or the excess of plant photosynthate being transferred to the AMF, information critical to assess the functionality of this relationship. Characterizing the AMF community along a natural plant productivity gradient is a first step in understanding how this symbiosis may vary across the landscape. We surveyed the AMF community diversity at 12 sites along a plant productivity gradient driven by soil nitrogen availability. We found that AMF diversity in soil environmental DNA significantly increased along with the growth of the host plants <i>Acer</i> <i>rubrum</i> and <i>A. saccharum</i>., a widespread tree genus. These increases also coincided with a natural soil inorganic N availability gradient. We hypothesize photosynthate from the increased tree growth is being allocated to the belowground AMF community, leading to an increase in diversity. These findings contribute to understanding this complex symbiosis through the lens of AMF turnover and suggest that a more diverse AMF community is associated with increased host-plant performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":74457,"journal":{"name":"Plant-environment interactions (Hoboken, N.J.)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11316137/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141918279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Confirmation and inheritance of glufosinate resistance in an <i>Amaranthus palmeri</i> population from North Carolina.","authors":"Eric A L Jones, Jeffrey C Dunne, Charles W Cahoon, Katherine M Jennings, Ramon G Leon, Wesley J Everman","doi":"10.1002/pei3.10154","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pei3.10154","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A putative glufosinate-resistant <i>Amaranthus palmeri</i> population was reported in 2015 in Anson County, North Carolina. The results from dose-response assays conducted in the field suggested plants were surviving lethal rates of glufosinate. Dose-response assays conducted in the glasshouse determined the Anson County accession exhibited reduced susceptibility to glufosinate compared to three glufosinate-susceptible populations. The LD₅₀ values (210-316 g ai ha^-1) for the Anson County population were always higher than the LD₅₀ values (118-158 g ai ha^-1) for the tested susceptible populations from the dose-response assays. Anson County plants that survived lethal glufosinate rates were reciprocally crossed with susceptible plants to create F₁ genotypes and treated with a lethal rate of glufosinate (267 g ai ha^-1; ascertained from glasshouse dose-response assay) to determine the distribution of injury and survival for each cross compared to a cross of susceptible parents. The distribution of injury was non-normal for the crosses containing an Anson County plant compared to the cross with a susceptible parent. Survival was 68%-84% for crosses containing an Anson County plant, whereas the survival was significantly reduced to 35% for the susceptible plant cross. Chi-square goodness of fit tests were used to test inheritance models to describe the responses of the genotypes. The resistant × susceptible crosses were best described with a heterozygous two loci with incomplete dominance model compared to the resistant × resistant cross that was best described with a heterozygous single locus with incomplete dominance model. The Anson County population has evolved resistance to glufosinate that is heritable and likely conferred by an oligogenic mechanism with incomplete dominance.</p>","PeriodicalId":74457,"journal":{"name":"Plant-environment interactions (Hoboken, N.J.)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11199332/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141461114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative metabolite profiling of salt sensitive <i>Oryza sativa</i> and the halophytic wild rice <i>Oryza coarctata</i> under salt stress.","authors":"Nishat Tamanna, Anik Mojumder, Tomalika Azim, Md Ishmam Iqbal, Md Nafis Ul Alam, Abidur Rahman, Zeba I Seraj","doi":"10.1002/pei3.10155","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pei3.10155","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To better understand the salt tolerance of the wild rice, <i>Oryza coarctata</i>, root tissue-specific untargeted comparative metabolomic profiling was performed against the salt-sensitive <i>Oryza sativa</i>. Under control, <i>O. coarctata</i> exhibited abundant levels of most metabolites, while salt caused their downregulation in contrast to metabolites in <i>O. sativa</i>. Under control conditions, itaconate, vanillic acid, threonic acid, eicosanoids, and a group of xanthin compounds were comparatively abundant in <i>O. coarctata</i>. Similarly, eight amino acids showed constitutive abundance in <i>O. coarctata</i>. In contrast, under control, glycerolipid abundances were lower in <i>O. coarctata</i> and salt stress further reduced their abundance. Most phospholipids also showed a distribution similar to the glycerolipids. Fatty acyls were however significantly induced in <i>O. coarctata</i> but organic acids were prominently induced in <i>O. sativa</i>. Changes in metabolite levels suggest that there was upregulation of the arachidonic acid metabolism in <i>O. coarctata</i>. In addition, the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis as well as cutin, suberin, and wax biosynthesis were also more enriched in <i>O. coarctata</i>, likely contributing to its anatomical traits responsible for salt tolerance. The comparative variation in the number of metabolites like gelsemine, allantoin, benzyl alcohol, specific phospholipids, and glycerolipids may play a role in maintaining the superior growth of <i>O. coarctata</i> in salt. Collectively, our results offer a comprehensive analysis of the metabolite profile in the roots of salt-tolerant <i>O. coarctata</i> and salt-sensitive <i>O. sativa</i>, which confirm potential targets for metabolic engineering to improve salt tolerance and resilience in commercial rice genotypes.</p>","PeriodicalId":74457,"journal":{"name":"Plant-environment interactions (Hoboken, N.J.)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11179383/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141332640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does humic acid foliar application affect growth and nutrient status of water-stressed maize?","authors":"Britta Pitann, Kamran Khan, Karl H Mühling","doi":"10.1002/pei3.10156","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pei3.10156","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Maize (<i>Zea mays</i> L.) is one of the world's most important crops, but its productivity is at high risk as climate change increases the risk of water stress. Therefore, the development of mitigation strategies to combat water stress in agriculture is fundamental to ensure food security. Humic acids are known to have a positive effect on drought tolerance, but data on their efficacy under waterlogging are lacking. This study aimed to elucidate the effect of a new humic acid product, a by-product of Ukrainian bentonite mining, on maize growth and nutrient status under waterlogging. Maize was grown for 9 weeks and three water stress treatments, which were applied for 14 days: waterlogging, alternating waterlogging and drought, and drought. On the day of stress application, the humic acid product (1% v/v) was applied to the leaves. Soil Plant Analysis Development (SPAD) values were recorded during the stress treatments. Plants were harvested after stressing ceased and fresh weight and P and Zn status were analyzed. Drought reduced shoot fresh weight, while it was unaffected under waterlogging. This is in contrast to SPAD readings, which showed a significant decrease over time under submergence, but not under drought. Under alternating stress, although SPAD values declined under waterlogging but stabilized when switched to drought, no growth reduction was apparent. Application of the humic acid product was ineffective in all cases. Although anthocyanin discoloration occurred under waterlogging stress, P deficiency, which is usually the main factor driving anthocyanin formation, was not the reason. Interestingly, Zn concentration decreased under waterlogging but not under the other stresses, which was alleviated by humic acid application. However, no effect of foliar-applied humic acids was observed under alternating and drought stress. It can be concluded that the tested humic acid product has the potential to improve the Zn status of maize under waterlogging.</p>","PeriodicalId":74457,"journal":{"name":"Plant-environment interactions (Hoboken, N.J.)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11176913/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141332641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Topography-driven microclimate gradients shape forest structure, diversity, and composition in a temperate refugial forest.","authors":"Bailey H McNichol, Ran Wang, Amanda Hefner, Chris Helzer, Sean M McMahon, Sabrina E Russo","doi":"10.1002/pei3.10153","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pei3.10153","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Macroclimate drives vegetation distributions, but fine-scale topographic variation can generate microclimate refugia for plant persistence in unsuitable areas. However, we lack quantitative descriptions of topography-driven microclimatic variation and how it shapes forest structure, diversity, and composition. We hypothesized that topographic variation and the presence of the forest overstory cause spatiotemporal microclimate variation affecting tree performance, causing forest structure, diversity, and composition to vary with topography and microclimate, and topography and the overstory to buffer microclimate. In a 20.2-ha inventory plot in the North American Great Plains, we censused woody stems ≥1 cm in diameter and collected detailed topographic and microclimatic data. Across 59-m of elevation, microclimate covaried with topography to create a sharp desiccation gradient, and topography and the overstory buffered understory microclimate. The magnitude of microclimatic variation mirrored that of regional-scale variation: with increasing elevation, there was a decrease in soil moisture corresponding to the difference across ~2.1° of longitude along the east-to-west aridity gradient and an increase in air temperature corresponding to the difference across ~2.7° of latitude along the north-to-south gradient. More complex forest structure and higher diversity occurred in moister, less-exposed habitats, and species occupied distinct topographic niches. Our study demonstrates how topographic and microclimatic gradients structure forests in putative climate-change refugia, by revealing ecological processes enabling populations to be maintained during periods of unfavorable macroclimate.</p>","PeriodicalId":74457,"journal":{"name":"Plant-environment interactions (Hoboken, N.J.)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11166229/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141307564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Elevation-dependent tree growth response to climate in a natural Scots pine/downy birch forest in northern Sweden.","authors":"Magdalena Fassl, Tuomas Aakala, Lars Östlund","doi":"10.1002/pei3.10140","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pei3.10140","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Forests dominate the landscape at high latitudes in the boreal regions and contribute significantly to the global carbon stock. Large areas are protected and provide possibilities to analyze natural forest dynamics including resilience to climate change. In Fennoscandia, Scots pine (<i>Pinus sylvestris</i> L.) and downy birch (<i>Betula pubescens</i> Ehrh.) often coexist in natural forests close to the limits of their ecological ranges. Tree growth in these forests is generally thought to be limited by temperature, and changes in growth trends can therefore serve as early indicators of the impact of global warming on natural ecosystems. We sampled 592 Scots pine and downy birch trees along two elevational gradients spanning the transition from the forest zone to the coniferous treeline in Tjeggelvas nature reserve, northern Sweden. Based on the tree-ring data, we compared annual basal area increment (BAI) trends from 1902 to 2021, analyzed the ring-width indices (RWI) in relation to local climate data, and investigated trends in climate-growth relationships. We found that the mean annual growth of both species was higher in more recent years than at the beginning of the 20th century. The RWI were positively correlated with summer temperatures, however, we found a much stronger relationship for Scots pine than downy birch. We noticed a decrease in the importance of summer temperature for Scots pine growth, whereas the importance of late spring temperatures increased over the 120-year-long study period. Due to strongly positive BAI trends combined with a decrease in temperature sensitivity, the overall conclusion of our study is that the influence of increasing temperatures is still positive and outweighs the negative impacts of climate change on Scots pine growth in natural forests in northern Sweden, particularly at higher elevations. Natural forests are important natural experiments that contrast the managed forests and are key to understanding the latter.</p>","PeriodicalId":74457,"journal":{"name":"Plant-environment interactions (Hoboken, N.J.)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10984726/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140338540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fern mycorrhizae do not respond to fertilization in a tropical montane forest.","authors":"Thais Guillen, Michael Kessler, Jürgen Homeier","doi":"10.1002/pei3.10139","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pei3.10139","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ferns are known to have a lower incidence of mycorrhization than angiosperms. It has been suggested that this results from carbon being more limiting to fern growth than nutrient availability, but this assertion has not been tested yet. In the present study, we took advantage of a fertilization experiment with nitrogen and phosphorus on cloud forest plots of the Ecuadorean Andes for 15 years. A previous analysis revealed changes in the abundances of fern species in the fertilized plots compared to the control plots and hypothesized that this might be related to the responses of the mycorrhizal relationships to nutrient availability. We revisited the plots to assess the root-associated fungal communities of two epiphytic and two terrestrial fern species that showed shifts in abundance. We sampled and analyzed the roots of 125 individuals following a metabarcoding approach. We recovered 1382 fungal ASVs, with a dominance of members of Tremellales (Basidiomycota) and Heliotales (Ascomycota). The fungal diversity was highly partitioned with little overlap between individuals. We found marked differences between terrestrial and epiphytic species, with the latter fundamentally missing arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). We found no effect of fertilization on the diversity or relative abundance of the fungal assemblages. Still, we observed a direct impact of phosphorus fertilization on its concentration in the fern leaves. We conclude that fern-fungi relationships in the study site are not restricted by nutrient availability and suggest the existence of little specificity on the fungal partners relative to the host fern species.</p>","PeriodicalId":74457,"journal":{"name":"Plant-environment interactions (Hoboken, N.J.)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10979390/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140337999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determination of abundance and symbiotic effectiveness of native rhizobia nodulating soybean and other legumes in Rwanda.","authors":"Felix Nzeyimana, Richard N Onwonga, Fredrick O Ayuke, George N Chemining'wa, Nsharwasi L Nabahungu, Joseph Bigirimana, Umuhoza K Noella Josiane","doi":"10.1002/pei3.10138","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pei3.10138","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rhizobia diversity in the rhizosphere is one of the key promoters of biological nitrogen fixation between host legumes and microsymbionts, although related complex interaction may depend on various factors. This research was intended to assess the abundance of indigenous rhizobia isolates under various soil conditions, as well as their effectiveness to nodulate legumes such as soybeans. Factors such as soil properties and legume species influence the volume and symbiotic effectiveness of native rhizobia to nodulate crop legumes. To investigate the abundance of rhizobia isolates, legume crops were uprooted to obtain nodules for most probable number (MPN) determination of rhizobia isolates, and soybean (<i>Glycine max.</i>) was used to verify the presence of suitable and efficient rhizobia strains for nitrogen fixation. Soil samples were obtained from the holes out of which nodules were collected, and the laboratory analysis included pH, Mg, K, available P, organic C, Ca, and N to establish the correlation between the soil status and number of rhizobia isolates' cells. Significant variations (<i>p</i>-value <.05) were observed in the cell counts of Rhizobia isolates from <i>Glycine max</i>, <i>Phaseolus vulgaris</i>, <i>Pisum sativum</i>, and <i>Vigna unguiculata</i>, particularly when compared to <i>Arachis hypogaea</i> isolates under acidic conditions. Notably, <i>Pisum sativum</i> and <i>Vigna unguiculata</i> showed consistent performance across all pH conditions. The number of rhizobia isolates was found to be significantly linked to total N and P deficiencies (<i>p</i> < .05). It was also established that total N was dependent on the number of rhizobia cells and that there is a strong correlation between organic carbon and N content. This study highlights the crucial role of understanding and optimizing conditions for rhizobia nodulation in diverse soil environments, emphasizing its potential impact on enhancing biological nitrogen fixation in legumes.</p>","PeriodicalId":74457,"journal":{"name":"Plant-environment interactions (Hoboken, N.J.)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10949400/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140178142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nonpathogenic leaf-colonizing bacteria elicit pathogen-like responses in a colonization density-dependent manner.","authors":"Moritz Miebach, Léa Faivre, Daniel Schubert, Paula Jameson, Mitja Remus-Emsermann","doi":"10.1002/pei3.10137","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pei3.10137","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Leaves are colonized by a complex mix of microbes, termed the leaf microbiota. Even though the leaf microbiota is increasingly recognized as an integral part of plant life and health, our understanding of its interactions with the plant host is still limited. Here, mature, axenically grown <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> plants were spray inoculated with six diverse leaf-colonizing bacteria. The transcriptomic changes in leaves were tracked over time and significant changes in ethylene marker (<i>ARL2</i>) expression were observed only 2-4 days after spray inoculation. Whole-transcriptome sequencing revealed that 4 days after inoculation, leaf transcriptional changes to colonization by nonpathogenic and pathogenic bacteria differed in strength but not in the type of response. Inoculation of plants with different densities of the nonpathogenic bacterium <i>Williamsia</i> sp. Leaf354 showed that high bacterial titers resulted in disease phenotypes and led to severe transcriptional reprogramming with a strong focus on plant defense. An in silico epigenetic analysis of the data was congruent with the transcriptomic analysis. These findings suggest (1) that plant responses are not rapid after spray inoculation, (2) that plant responses only differ in strength, and (3) that plants respond to high titers of nonpathogenic bacteria with pathogen-like responses.</p>","PeriodicalId":74457,"journal":{"name":"Plant-environment interactions (Hoboken, N.J.)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10934995/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140121555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Historical tree phenology data reveal the seasonal rhythms of the Congo Basin rainforest.","authors":"Elizabeth Kearsley, Hans Verbeeck, Piet Stoffelen, Steven B Janssens, Emmanuel Kasongo Yakusu, Margaret Kosmala, Tom De Mil, Marijn Bauters, Elasi Ramanzani Kitima, José Mbifo Ndiapo, Adelard Lonema Chuda, Andrew D Richardson, Lisa Wingate, Bhély Angoboy Ilondea, Hans Beeckman, Jan van den Bulcke, Pascal Boeckx, Koen Hufkens","doi":"10.1002/pei3.10136","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pei3.10136","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tropical forest phenology directly affects regional carbon cycles, but the relation between species-specific and whole-canopy phenology remains largely uncharacterized. We present a unique analysis of historical tropical tree phenology collected in the central Congo Basin, before large-scale impacts of human-induced climate change. Ground-based long-term (1937-1956) phenological observations of 140 tropical tree species are recovered, species-specific phenological patterns analyzed and related to historical meteorological records, and scaled to characterize stand-level canopy dynamics. High phenological variability within and across species and in climate-phenology relationships is observed. The onset of leaf phenophases in deciduous species was triggered by drought and light availability for a subset of species and showed a species-specific decoupling in time along a bi-modal seasonality. The majority of the species remain evergreen, although central African forests experience relatively low rainfall. Annually a maximum of 1.5% of the canopy is in leaf senescence or leaf turnover, with overall phenological variability dominated by a few deciduous species, while substantial variability is attributed to asynchronous events of large and/or abundant trees. Our results underscore the importance of accounting for constituent signals in canopy-wide scaling and the interpretation of remotely sensed phenology signals.</p>","PeriodicalId":74457,"journal":{"name":"Plant-environment interactions (Hoboken, N.J.)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10926959/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140112392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}