Physical therapy research最新文献

{"title":"Interpreting Results from Statistical Hypothesis Testing: Understanding the Appropriate P-value.","authors":"Eiki Tsushima","doi":"10.1298/ptr.R0019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1298/ptr.R0019","url":null,"abstract":"Clinical research based on epidemiological study designs requires a good understanding of statistical analysis. This paper discusses the common misconceptions of p-values so that researchers and readers of research papers will be able to properly present and understand the results of null hypothesis significance testing (NHST). The p-values calculated by NHST are categorized as three different types: \"significant at p <0.05,\" \"significant at p <0.01,\" or \"not significant.\" If specified, they may be written as p = 0.124. The 95% confidence interval (CI) of the supplementary statistics is presented regardless of the p-value, and the range of the CI is observed and discussed to determine whether the results are clinically valid. The effect size (ES), which is a measure of the magnitude of the effect, is also referenced and discussed. However, the ES should not be overestimated. It is important to examine the actual descriptive statistics and consider them comprehensively as much as possible. A high detection power of 80% or more indicates that NHST with high accuracy was applied. However, even when it falls below 80%, it is important to consider the limitations of the study, because the results are not completely useless.","PeriodicalId":74445,"journal":{"name":"Physical therapy research","volume":"25 2","pages":"49-55"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9437930/pdf/ptr-25-49.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40368310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prediction of Low-intensity Physical Activity in Stable Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.","authors":"Atsuyoshi Kawagoshi,&nbsp;Masahiro Iwakura,&nbsp;Yutaka Furukawa,&nbsp;Keiyu Sugawara,&nbsp;Hitomi Takahashi,&nbsp;Takanobu Shioya","doi":"10.1298/ptr.E10208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1298/ptr.E10208","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To develop an equation of the predicted amount of low-intensity physical activity (LPA) by analyzing clinical parameters in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this cross-sectional study, we analyzed the assessments of clinical parameters evaluated every 6 months from the start of pulmonary rehabilitation in 53 outpatients with stable COPD (age 77 ± 6 yrs; 46 men; body mass index 21.8 ± 4.1 kg/m²; forced expiratory volume in one second 63.0 ± 26.4% pred). An uniaxial accelerometer was used to measure the number of steps and the time spent in LPA of 1.8-2.3 metabolic equivalents during 14 consecutive days. We also evaluated body composition, respiratory function, skeletal muscle strength, inspiratory muscle strength, exercise capacity, and gait speed. Factors associated with the time spent in LPA were examined by multivariate regression analysis. Internal validity between the predicted amount of LPA obtained by the equation and the measured amount was examined by regression analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Multivariate regression analysis revealed that gait speed (β = 0.369, p = 0.007) and maximum inspiratory mouth pressure (PI_max) (β = 0.329, p = 0.016) were significant influence factors on LPA (R² = 0.354, p <0.001). The stepwise regression analysis showed a moderate correlation between the measured amount and predicted amount of LPA calculated by the regression equation (r = 0.609, p <0.001; LPA = 31.909 × gait speed + 0.202 × PI_max - 20.553).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Gait speed and PI_max were extracted as influence factors on LPA, suggesting that the regression equation could predict the amount of LPA.</p>","PeriodicalId":74445,"journal":{"name":"Physical therapy research","volume":"25 3","pages":"143-149"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9910347/pdf/ptr-25-143.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10773012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pain in Spinal Muscular Atrophy: A Questionnaire Study.","authors":"Yuu Uchio,&nbsp;Kota Kajima,&nbsp;Hayato Suzuki,&nbsp;Kaho Nakamura,&nbsp;Midori Saito,&nbsp;Tetsuo Ikai","doi":"10.1298/ptr.E10201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1298/ptr.E10201","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to reveal the chronic pain prevalence in spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) patients and identify the clinical characteristics of these patients with chronic pain. The pain status was also investigated in SMA patients with chronic pain.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study was conducted between July 2018 and December 2018. SMA type II and type III patients in Japan were mailed a survey questionnaire. The survey items were chronic pain prevalence, clinical characteristics, and motor function. Patients with chronic pain also answered questions on various pain status parameters: pain intensity, frequency, duration, location using body map, and factors that exacerbated and relieved pain.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The questionnaire recovery rate was 61.1%. Sixty-four type II (mean age 17.3 ± 11.7 years) and 22 type III (mean age 44.9 ± 21.6 years) patients were eligible for inclusion. The prevalence of chronic pain in type II and III patients was 40.6% and 40.9%, respectively. Type II patients with chronic pain were more likely to report the inability to sit without manual support than those without pain (p = 0.03). Pain intensity in SMA patients was mild, but pain usually occurred daily, for prolonged durations, most often in the neck, back, and lower extremities. Sitting and high physical activity exacerbated pain the most.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The percentage of patients with SMA with chronic pain was high, at above 40%. Moreover, the pain experienced by patients with SMA was low in intensity but frequent and most common in the lower extremities.</p>","PeriodicalId":74445,"journal":{"name":"Physical therapy research","volume":"25 3","pages":"150-155"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9910355/pdf/ptr-25-150.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10760841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social Network Moderates the Association between Frequency of Social Participation and Physical Function among Community-dwelling Older Adults.","authors":"Kazuaki Uchida,&nbsp;Rika Kawaharada,&nbsp;Katsuyoshi Tanaka,&nbsp;Rei Ono","doi":"10.1298/ptr.E10182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1298/ptr.E10182","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Social participation is an essential component of active aging. Physical dysfunction is restriction of social participation, but it is inconclusive that improvement of physical function contributes to promote social participation. Therefore, understanding the other factor that moderates the association between physical dysfunction and social participation is important, and social network (i.e., ties with family and friends) may be a key factor. The aims of this study were to investigate the association between physical function and frequency of social participation, with social network as a moderator, and to examine the gender differences on the relationships.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a cross-sectional study among 287 community-dwelling older adults. We asked how often they participated in social groups in a week to measure frequency of social participation. Physical function and social network were measured by using the modified version of Short Physical Performance Battery for community-dwelling older adults and the abbreviated Lubben Social Network Scale, respectively. To investigate the association, we performed a linear regression analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After adjustment, a linear regression analysis showed interactions between physical function and social network on frequent social participation (β: -0.20, 95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.40 to -0.01). Furthermore, the same association was observed only in women (adjusted β: -0.33, 95% CI: -0.65 to -0.02).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our results suggested that social network moderates the association between physical function and social participation, and observed gender differences on the relationships. The findings of this study indicated the importance of multidimensional assessment and measures for improving social participation, not only physical function but also social network.</p>","PeriodicalId":74445,"journal":{"name":"Physical therapy research","volume":"25 3","pages":"120-126"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9910351/pdf/ptr-25-120.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10760840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Intradialytic Supine Ergometer Exercise on Hemodialysis Patients with Different Nutritional Status.","authors":"Masahiro Noguchi, Shinichi Yamaguchi, Miho Tanaka, Y. Koshino","doi":"10.1298/ptr.e10144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1298/ptr.e10144","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVE It is important for hemodialysis patients to exercise while their nutritional status is being monitored. This study aimed to examine the difference in physical exercise function and the effect of exercise intervention in hemodialysis patients who were divided into two groups (high-nutrition and low-nutrition groups) based on the serum albumin levels. METHOD A total of 26 outpatients (18 men and 8 women) undergoing hemodialysis (age: 66 ± 10 years) were included in this study. The patients' body composition data (weight, body mass index, percentage of body fat, fat-free mass, and total body water) and physical functions (grip strength, knee extensor strength, open-eyed one-legged standing time, long sitting trunk anteflexion, and 6-minute walking distance [6MWD] test) were measured. The intervention was supine ergometer exercise during hemodialysis, and the patients exercised for 30 minutes during hemodialysis thrice a week. The intervention period was three months. RESULTS Compared to the high-nutrition group, the low-nutrition group showed a significant decrease in muscle strength. Furthermore, long sitting trunk anteflexion in the high-nutrition group and 6MWD in the low-nutrition group improved significantly after the intervention. CONCLUSION The result of this study may indicate that 6MD can be improved by exercise during dialysis, regardless of nutritional status. It is said that low nutritional status has a negative impact on survival rate; thus, considering the impact on survival rate, it is hemodialysis patients with a low nutritional status that should be considered to introduce more active exercise during dialysis.","PeriodicalId":74445,"journal":{"name":"Physical therapy research","volume":"25 1 1","pages":"12-17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66344012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cost-effectiveness Analysis of Combined Physical and Cognitive Exercises Programs Designed for Preventing Dementia among Community-dwelling Healthy Young-old Adults.","authors":"Gohei Kato, Takehiko Doi, Hidenori Arai, Hiroyuki Shimada","doi":"10.1298/ptr.E10153","DOIUrl":"10.1298/ptr.E10153","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aims to estimate the cost-effectiveness of combined physical and cognitive programs designed to prevent community-dwelling healthy young-old adults from developing dementia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The analysis was conducted from a public healthcare and long-term care payer's perspective. Quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) and expenses for health services and long-term care services were described in terms of effectiveness and cost, respectively. A thousand community-dwelling healthy adults aged 65 years were generated through simulation and analyzed. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of adults with preventive program intervention compared to those with nonintervention was simulated with a 10-year cycle Markov model. The data sources for the parameters to build the Markov models were selected with priority given to higher levels of evidence. The threshold for assessing cost-effectiveness was set as less than 5,000,000 Japanese yen/QALY.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The ICER was estimated as -5,740,083 Japanese yen (US$-57,400)/QALY.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A program targeting community-dwelling healthy young-old adults could be cost-effective.</p>","PeriodicalId":74445,"journal":{"name":"Physical therapy research","volume":"25 2","pages":"56-67"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9437929/pdf/ptr-25-56.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40366841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cutoff Value for a Nutritional Indicator Related to Gait Independence in Elderly Fracture Patients: A Preliminary Study.","authors":"M. Kurita, Takaaki Fujita, Ryuichi Kasahara, Yoko Ohira, Koji Otsuki, Yuichi Yamamoto","doi":"10.1298/ptr.e10125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1298/ptr.e10125","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVE Previous studies have reported the relationship between nutritional status and gait independence in elderly fracture patients. However, the degree to which nutritional indicators are related to gait independence is unclear. The purpose of this study is to calculate a cutoff value for a nutritional indicator related to gait independence in patients with hip and vertebral compression fractures. METHOD This study included 69 patients (33 hip fracture, 36 vertebral compression fracture) who underwent rehabilitation at a convalescent rehabilitation ward. The relationships between nutritional indexes (Mini-Nutritional Assessment-Short Form [MNAⓇ-SF] and skeletal muscle mass index [SMI] ) at admission and gait independence at discharge were analyzed using logistic regression. In addition, receiver operating characteristic analysis was performed to calculate a cutoff value that predicts gait independence. RESULTS Among the nutritional indicators used in this study, only MNAⓇ-SF was significantly able to predict gait independence at discharge, and this association was maintained, even after adjustment for confounders. The calculated MNAⓇ-SF cutoff values were 5.5 (sensitivity 100%, specificity 46.3%) and 7.5 points (sensitivity 67.9%, specificity 78.0%). CONCLUSION This study suggests that MNAⓇ-SF may be an index for predicting gait independence in patients with hip or vertebral compression fractures in the convalescent rehabilitation ward. The cutoff values calculated in this study were simple and useful index for physical therapists to interpret the results of MNAⓇ-SF.","PeriodicalId":74445,"journal":{"name":"Physical therapy research","volume":"25 1 1","pages":"26-30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66343778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Electrical Muscle Stimulation on Vascular Endothelial Function during Prolonged Sitting.","authors":"Mizuki Ishikawa,&nbsp;Hajime Miura,&nbsp;Yasuaki Tamura,&nbsp;Ayako Murakami","doi":"10.1298/ptr.E10191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1298/ptr.E10191","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>While prolonged sedentary behaviors (SBs) increase cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, interrupting prolonged sitting (PS) with frequent light exercise reduces arterial functional decline. Skeletal muscle electrical stimulation (EMS) enhances peripheral circulation through passive muscle contraction, suggesting that EMS reduces CVD risk by providing an alternative to active exercise for prolonged SBs. This study aimed to investigate the effects of EMS to skeletal muscles during PS on the endothelial function of the brachial artery (BA).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Study participants included 12 healthy adult men who were subjected to 15 min of supine rest, followed by 1 h of PS only (control [CON] trial), or 20 min of EMS to the lower extremities at 50% of the maximum tolerance intensity during PS (EMS trial). Flow-mediated dilation (FMD) of the BA was measured before and 30 min after PS, and normalized FMD (nFMD) was calculated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The nFMD of the CON trial significantly decreased 30 min after PS completion (6.21% ± 1.13%) compared with that before PS (7.26% ± 0.73%), and there was no significant change in the EMS trial before and after PS. The EMS trial showed a significant increase in the nFMD 30 min after PS completion (1.14 ± 0.77) compared with that before PS (0.84 ± 0.43). However, no significant difference was observed in the CON trials.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Passive contraction of the lower extremity muscles by EMS increases BA nFMD, suggesting that prolonged sedentary lower extremity EMS use may reduce the risk of vascular endothelial dysfunction.</p>","PeriodicalId":74445,"journal":{"name":"Physical therapy research","volume":"25 3","pages":"127-133"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9910348/pdf/ptr-25-127.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10765027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early Pulmonary Rehabilitation with Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation in a Patient with Acute Exacerbation of Rheumatoid Arthritis-associated Interstitial Lung Disease: A Case Report.","authors":"Kazuki Okura,&nbsp;Yusuke Takahashi,&nbsp;Kakeru Hasegawa,&nbsp;Kazutoshi Hatakeyama,&nbsp;Kimio Saito,&nbsp;Chihiro Imaizumi,&nbsp;Hajime Kaga,&nbsp;Naoto Takahashi","doi":"10.1298/ptr.E10188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1298/ptr.E10188","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Early implementation of neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) has been reported to prevent muscle atrophy and physical functional decline in patients requiring mechanical ventilation. However, its effect in patients with acute exacerbation of interstitial lung disease (ILD) remains unclear. We herein report our experience using the NMES combined with mobilization in a patient with an acute exacerbation of rheumatoid arthritis-associated ILD (RA-ILD) requiring mechanical ventilation.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>A 74-year-old man was admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) and put on mechanical ventilation due to severe acute exacerbation of RA-ILD. Early mobilization and the NMES using a belt electrode skeletal muscle electrical stimulation system were started on day 7 of hospitalization (day 2 of ICU admission). The NMES duration was 20 min, performed once daily. The patient could perform mobility exercises on day 8 and could walk on day 16. We assessed his rectus femoris and quadriceps muscle thicknesses using ultrasound imaging, and found decreases of 4.5% and 8.4%, respectively, by day 14. On day 27, he could independently visit the lavatory, and the NMES was discontinued. He was instructed to start long-term oxygen therapy on day 49 and was discharged on day 63. His 6-minute walk distance was 308 m and his muscle thickness recovered to levels comparable to those at the initial evaluation at the time of discharge.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Combining the NMES and mobilization started in the early phase and continued after ICU discharge was safe and effective in a patient with a severe acute exacerbation of RA-ILD.</p>","PeriodicalId":74445,"journal":{"name":"Physical therapy research","volume":"25 3","pages":"156-161"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9910346/pdf/ptr-25-156.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10773011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Medical Rehabilitation Need, Case Complexity, and Related Issues among Patients in an Acute Stroke Rehabilitation Setting.","authors":"Kazuhiro Harada","doi":"10.1298/ptr.R0021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1298/ptr.R0021","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This narrative review introduces case complexity and medical rehabilitation needs in a stroke rehabilitation setting, and proposes methods to more efficiently enhance functional recovery in the acute stage after stroke onset. Therapists may measure a construct of individual need complexity around and beyond the basic and common needs for medical necessity, and thereby screen acute patients who could benefit more from additional rehabilitation inputs. This review also describes the clinical significance of medical rehabilitation needs and challenges for efficient stroke rehabilitation. Overall, we propose that challenging research trials should be conducted to compare the effectiveness of the arrangement of rehabilitation service allocation based on needs assessment after stroke with the usual care pathway.</p>","PeriodicalId":74445,"journal":{"name":"Physical therapy research","volume":"25 3","pages":"93-98"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9910349/pdf/ptr-25-93.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10773013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}