Physical therapy research最新文献

{"title":"Association between Frailty and the Self-reported Inability to Immediately Open a Polyethylene Terephthalate Bottle Cap in Older Japanese Adults.","authors":"Yohei Sawaya, Tamaki Hirose, Masahiro Ishizaka, Naori Hashimoto, Akira Kubo, Tomohiko Urano","doi":"10.1298/ptr.E10323","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1298/ptr.E10323","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to clarify the association between frailty and the self-reported inability to immediately open a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottle cap.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study included 427 participants aged 73 and 78 years in City A, Japan. Frailty was assessed using the Kihon Checklist (KCL), and PET bottle cap opening ability was surveyed using a mailed questionnaire. The participants were divided into Immediately Open and Cannot-Immediately Open groups. The frailty status and KCL scores were compared between the groups. Multivariate analysis was used to investigate the association between frailty and the PET bottle cap-opening pattern. The possibility of screening frailty based on the Immediately/Cannot-Immediately Open classification was analyzed using a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The number of frailty in the Cannot-Immediately Open group was significantly greater than the expected count compared to the robust and pre-frailty groups (<i>P</i> <0.001). Total KCL scores differed significantly between the Immediately Open group (3.2 ± 3.1) and the Cannot-Immediately Open group (5.7 ± 4.1) (<i>P</i> <0.001). The Cannot-Immediately Open group showed significantly higher scores in 5 of the 7 domains and a higher proportion of 1-point scores in 15 of the 25 KCL items. Individuals in the Cannot-Immediately Open group were associated with frailty (β = 2.03; odds ratio = 7.62; <i>P</i> <0.001). The ROC analysis revealed a sensitivity and specificity of 50.0% and 81.0%, respectively (area under the curve = 0.65; <i>P</i> <0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The self-reported inability to open a PET bottle cap immediately may be a moderate screening tool for frailty and is associated with many frailty factors.</p>","PeriodicalId":74445,"journal":{"name":"Physical therapy research","volume":"28 1","pages":"37-44"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12047043/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144036924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modulating Cortico-cortical Networks with Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation: A Minireview.","authors":"Ryoki Sasaki","doi":"10.1298/ptr.R0035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1298/ptr.R0035","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Advancements in brain imaging and analytical methods have demonstrated that behavior arises from the coordinated activity of multiple brain regions within cortico-cortical networks. Transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS), a noninvasive brain stimulation (NIBS) technique, applies weak sinusoidal alternating currents to specific brain regions using scalp-mounted electrodes. Traditionally, tACS has been used to target single brain regions to enhance functions such as motor, sensory, and cognitive abilities. However, recent findings indicate its potential for simultaneously stimulating 2 brain regions, thereby modulating cortico-cortical network strength through neural entrainment-where brain oscillations synchronize with external rhythmic stimuli. Despite this potential, tACS applications remain primarily focused on individual brain regions. Given that behavior stems from dynamic interactions within cortico-cortical networks rather than isolated regions, this minireview explores the role of these networks in shaping behavior through functional connectivity as identified by neuroimaging. It also provides an in-depth analysis of tACS as a tool for modifying cortico-cortical networks via neural entrainment, offering promising applications in neurorehabilitation for brain disorders linked to network dysfunction. This highlights tACS as a novel approach for targeted modulation of cortico-cortical networks, distinguishing it from traditional NIBS techniques.</p>","PeriodicalId":74445,"journal":{"name":"Physical therapy research","volume":"28 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12047044/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144037808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In-hospital Cardiac Arrest Following Spinal Cord Injury: A Scoping Review.","authors":"Daisuke Kubo, Tatsuya Okawa","doi":"10.1298/ptr.E10329","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1298/ptr.E10329","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This review aimed to examine the characteristics of patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) who experience in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA), as well as the timing, circumstances, and interventions associated with these events.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A comprehensive literature search was conducted across multiple databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and Igaku Chuo Zasshi Web (in Japanese), for studies published up to 2024. Two independent reviewers screened the literature. Data were extracted from the selected studies regarding the characteristics of patients with SCI who experienced IHCA, the timing of IHCA, the circumstances under which it occurred, and the interventions provided.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 56 studies met the inclusion criteria. IHCA most commonly occurs in patients with complete cervical SCI. The time frame for IHCA occurrence ranged from 1 day and 2.5 months post-injury. IHCA frequently occurs during endotracheal suctioning or postural changes. The most commonly reported intervention for IHCA was the use of a pacemaker.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In patients with SCI, IHCA is more prevalent among those with severe cervical injuries and is often triggered by procedures such as suctioning or postural adjustments. Physical therapist needs to implement robust risk management strategies. These findings are crucial for both clinical practice and future research.</p>","PeriodicalId":74445,"journal":{"name":"Physical therapy research","volume":"28 1","pages":"68-75"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12047041/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144060618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physiotherapy in the Polyclinic during Tokyo 2020 Olympic Games: A Detailed Analysis of Care Provided for 808 Athletes.","authors":"Marie-Elaine Grant, Kathrin Steffen, Debbie Palmer, Torbjørn Soligard, Alexandre Dias Lopes","doi":"10.1298/ptr.E10332","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1298/ptr.E10332","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The study provided a comprehensive analysis exploring the association between athletes' injury characteristics and the choice of physiotherapy treatments applied at the Polyclinic Tokyo 2020.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data from all physiotherapy treatments offered in the Polyclinic Olympic Village in Tokyo between 13 July and 10 August were recorded electronically. The physiotherapy team consisted of approximately 150 Japanese physiotherapists. Physiotherapy modalities analyzed were cryotherapy, electrotherapy, exercise therapy, laser therapy, manual therapy, shockwave therapy, taping, and ultrasound therapy. Logistic regression assessed the association between athletes' injury characteristics and the physiotherapy treatment the Polyclinic Physiotherapy Services offered at the Tokyo 2020 Olympic Games using odds ratio.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This study analyzed 808 athletes who received physiotherapy, of which 66.6% (n = 1023) were for lower limb chronic injuries affecting muscles and tendons (72.8%, n = 1209) and were the most prevalent ones treated. Chronic injuries accounted for 56.7% (n = 942). Manual therapy was associated with trunk injuries (odds ratio 1.8, 95% confidence interval 1.4-2.3) and chronic injuries (1.5, 1.2-1.9). Ultrasound therapy was associated with injuries of the upper limbs (3.6, 1.9-6.7) and lower limbs (3.0, 1.7-5.2). Taping was associated with bone/joint/ligament injuries (2.1, 1.4-3.0). Shockwave was associated with muscle/tendon injuries (2.0, 1.2-3.4). Cryotherapy was related to acute injuries (1.8, 1.1-3.0) and lower limbs (3.6, 1.4-9.4). Laser was associated with bone/joint/ligament injuries (14.4, 4.5-45.8).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Chronic injuries affecting lower limb muscles and tendons were the most prevalent musculoskeletal injuries treated at the Tokyo 2020 Polyclinic. Overall, Japanese physiotherapists used manual therapy, taping, exercise, and ultrasound therapy to treat athlete injuries.</p>","PeriodicalId":74445,"journal":{"name":"Physical therapy research","volume":"28 1","pages":"61-67"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12047046/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144001718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Co-occurrence of Whole-body Muscle Wasting and Respiratory Muscle Weakness Affecting the Clinical Characteristics of Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.","authors":"Atsuyoshi Kawagoshi, Masahiro Iwakura, Yutaka Furukawa, Takeshi Kera, Hisashi Kawai, Shuichi Obuchi, Keiyu Sugawara, Takanobu Shioya","doi":"10.1298/ptr.E10316","DOIUrl":"10.1298/ptr.E10316","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The effect of the co-occurrence of whole-body muscle wasting and respiratory muscle weakness on the clinical characteristics of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is unclear. We investigated this association in patients with chronic respiratory diseases.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>47 outpatients with mild to very severe COPD were classified into four groups according to their fat-free mass index and respiratory muscle strength: 19 without muscle wasting and respiratory muscle weakness (normal), 6 with muscle wasting only (MW), 11 with respiratory weakness only (RW), and 11 with muscle wasting and respiratory weakness (MW + RW). We measured their body composition, pulmonary function, lower muscle strength, submaximal exercise capacity, physical activity in daily life, nutritional status, frailty status, and health-related quality of life (QOL). Multiple linear regression analyses examined the association of muscle wasting and/or respiratory muscle weakness with participant characteristics, using each participant's characteristics as an explained variable adjusted for confounding variables (Normal as the reference).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The regression analysis revealed that the percentage of vital capacity, lower muscle strength, submaximal exercise capacity, nutritional status, and frailty status were worse in the MW + RW group than in the Normal group. The MR + RW group had the largest number of variables with significant differences compared to the Normal group.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These data suggest that the co-occurrence of whole-body muscle wasting and respiratory muscle weakness was significantly associated with deteriorating clinical characteristics in patients with COPD.</p>","PeriodicalId":74445,"journal":{"name":"Physical therapy research","volume":"28 2","pages":"145-149"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12445364/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145115255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a Competency Scale for Rehabilitation Professionals Supporting Kayoi-no-ba in Japan.","authors":"Mutsumi Nakamura, Yoshifumi Urabe","doi":"10.1298/ptr.E10334","DOIUrl":"10.1298/ptr.E10334","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Recently, rehabilitation professionals in Japan have become increasingly involved in Kayoi-no-ba for long-term care prevention. However, there are significant differences in the quality and content of professional rehabilitation support. This study aimed to develop a competency scale for rehabilitation professionals who support Kayoi-no-ba.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A survey was mailed to rehabilitation supervisors at 440 facilities selected from a nationwide Internet search of facilities that implement the \"community-based rehabilitation activity support project,\" and rehabilitation professionals involved in supporting Kayoi-no-ba were asked to respond to the survey. The questionnaire was self-administered, and responses were sought via a 6-point scale for the 50 proposed competency items. For statistical analysis, exploratory factor analysis was conducted to examine the factor structure of the scale. Covariance structure analysis was used to assess model fit and to evaluate the reliability and internal consistency of the scale.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the 260 facilities that responded (59.1%), 607 participants provided valid responses. The final competency scale had a 3-factor structure (knowledge and attitude, ability to coordinate groups, and clinical practice skills) comprising 20 items. Model fit and internal consistency were good.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings indicate that rehabilitation professionals who support Kayoi-no-ba should have the attitude and knowledge of supporters, the ability to coordinate groups, and the clinical practice skills of rehabilitation therapists. This competency scale could be used as a guideline to improve the quality of support.</p>","PeriodicalId":74445,"journal":{"name":"Physical therapy research","volume":"28 2","pages":"114-121"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12445359/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145115281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Number of Days to Ambulation on Postoperative Daily Activities in Patients with Type A Aortic Dissection.","authors":"Yutaro Ohnishi, Tsubasa Yokote, Kengo Shirado, Shota Okuno, Kenta Kawamitsu, Kazuki Yamauchi, Takatoshi Nishimura, Masaya Tanaka, Takayuki Uchida, Shoji Kawakami","doi":"10.1298/ptr.E10308","DOIUrl":"10.1298/ptr.E10308","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the effect of the number of days from surgery to ambulation on activities of daily living (ADL) at discharge in postoperative patients with type A aortic dissection (TAAD).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>It included patients with a diagnosis of TAAD who were independent in ADL before the onset of symptoms. ADL was assessed using the Katz Index (KI), with a KI score of 6 points at discharge defining independence and less than 6 points classified as dependence. Patients were divided into 2 groups based on independence in ADL at discharge. Logistic regression analysis was performed with independence in ADL at discharge as the object variable and the number of days from surgery to ambulation as the explanatory variable. A receiver operating characteristic curve was constructed to calculate the cutoff value.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 100 patients were included in the analysis. There was a significant difference in the number of days to ambulation between the 2 groups. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that the probability of being independent in ADL at discharge was significantly lower with more days to ambulation (odds ratio: 0.93, 95% confidence interval: 0.86-0.99, P < 0.035). The cutoff value for the number of days from surgery to ambulation for independence in ADL at discharge was 8 days (area under the curve: 0.64).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In postoperative patients with TAAD, the longer the postoperative days to start ambulation, the more difficult ADL recovery may be, but the cutoff values need further validation.</p>","PeriodicalId":74445,"journal":{"name":"Physical therapy research","volume":"28 2","pages":"106-113"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12445355/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145115288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of Stroke Impairment Assessment Set and Dysphagia in the 1st Week after Acute Ischemic Stroke with Early Discharge to Home Following Endovascular Therapy: A Retrospective Observational Study.","authors":"Eisei Harayama, Shota Tanaka, Kota Yamauchi, Shuji Arakawa","doi":"10.1298/ptr.E10313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1298/ptr.E10313","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>In this study, we aimed to identify factors associated with the likelihood of early discharge to home by the 7th-day assessment in patients with ischemic stroke who underwent endovascular therapy (EVT).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Among the 128 patients with ischemic stroke who underwent EVT, 2 groups were identified: an early discharge to the home group and the transfer group, with patients included in the latter group needing to be transferred to rehabilitation hospitals. Variables from the 7th day were used as explanatory variables to determine the outcome. Multiple logistic regression analysis was conducted using these variables. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves for the significant factors were obtained, and cutoff values were calculated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were 19 patients (14.8%) in the early discharge to the home group and 109 patients (85.2%) in the transfer group. The Stroke Impairment Assessment Set (SIAS) (odds ratio [OR]: 1.16, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.02-1.32, p = 0.03) and the presence of dysphagia (OR: 8.75, 95% CI: 1.55-49.45, p = 0.01) were significant factors associated with early discharge home. The area under the ROC curve of the SIAS was 0.90, with a cutoff value of 63.5 points.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our results suggest that SIAS scores and the presence of dysphagia within the 1st week post-onset are significant predictors of whether patients with ischemic stroke who undergo EVT can be early discharged home.</p>","PeriodicalId":74445,"journal":{"name":"Physical therapy research","volume":"28 1","pages":"14-21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12047045/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144065346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improvement of Physical Functions in Elderly Patients with Heart Failure Depends on the Hepatic Reserve.","authors":"Daisuke Kuwahara, Takuya Umehara, Nobuhiro Kito","doi":"10.1298/ptr.E10328","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1298/ptr.E10328","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>In recent years, the number of elderly heart failure patients with multiorgan failure has been increasing. Furthermore, the combination of heart failure and decreased hepatic reserve can cause severe skeletal muscle impairment and decreased survival rates. This study investigated whether the degree of improvement in the five repetitions of sit-to-stand (5STS) and walking speed (WS) differs depending on hepatic reserve in elderly heart failure patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The patients were divided into the following two groups: good hepatic reserve (albumin-bilirubin score [ALBI score] ≤-2.25) and poor hepatic reserve (ALBI score >-2.25). Propensity score matching was performed using the brain natriuretic peptide level. A two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to examine the main effects of the hepatic reserve and time points (admission or discharge).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After propensity score matching, 28 out of the 33 (84.8%) patients in the good hepatic reserve (age, 83.74 ± 9.25 years and ALBI score, -2.55 ± 0.19 points) and 27 out of 40 (67.5%)patients in the poor hepatic reserve (age, 85.85 ± 7.53 years and ALBI score, -1.93 ± 0.26 points) were analyzed. Two-way ANOVA showed that the 5STS (p = 0.04) and WS (p = 0.01) in poor hepatic reserve tended to be worse than in good hepatic reserve. Furthermore, the 5STS (p = 0.04) and WS tended to improve at discharge in both groups. However, the improvement in WS was not significant (p = 0.15).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our study suggests that the hepatic reserve in elderly heart failure patients may be an important factor in the assessment of physical functions.</p>","PeriodicalId":74445,"journal":{"name":"Physical therapy research","volume":"28 1","pages":"45-53"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12047040/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144045050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effects of Sensory Electrical Stimulation and Local Vibration on Motor Learning and Motor Function.","authors":"Wan-Yan Tseng, I-Hsiang Tseng, Li-Wei Chou","doi":"10.1298/ptr.R0036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1298/ptr.R0036","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sensory afferent inputs play a crucial role in neuromuscular control. Enhancing sensory input through electrical or mechanical stimulation of the limbs may improve motor function and facilitate motor learning. This scoping review synthesizes literature investigating the effects of sensory electrical stimulation (SES) and local vibration (LV) on motor function and learning in both healthy individuals and those with musculoskeletal or neurological disorders. The findings suggest that SES can enhance motor learning and improve motor function. Furthermore, its efficacy is maximized when combined with rehabilitation programs and motor training rather than being used as a stand-alone intervention. Similarly, LV applied to muscle or tendon regions enhances proprioceptive input, thereby improving motor control and learning. The clinical benefits of LV, like those of SES, can be augmented by incorporating it into motor training regimens. Future research should focus on optimizing stimulation parameters and determining the most effective integration strategies for rehabilitation programs to maximize therapeutic outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":74445,"journal":{"name":"Physical therapy research","volume":"28 1","pages":"9-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12047047/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144065349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}