The Effects of Sensory Electrical Stimulation and Local Vibration on Motor Learning and Motor Function.

Sensory afferent inputs play a crucial role in neuromuscular control. Enhancing sensory input through electrical or mechanical stimulation of the limbs may improve motor function and facilitate motor learning. This scoping review synthesizes literature investigating the effects of sensory electrical stimulation (SES) and local vibration (LV) on motor function and learning in both healthy individuals and those with musculoskeletal or neurological disorders. The findings suggest that SES can enhance motor learning and improve motor function. Furthermore, its efficacy is maximized when combined with rehabilitation programs and motor training rather than being used as a stand-alone intervention. Similarly, LV applied to muscle or tendon regions enhances proprioceptive input, thereby improving motor control and learning. The clinical benefits of LV, like those of SES, can be augmented by incorporating it into motor training regimens. Future research should focus on optimizing stimulation parameters and determining the most effective integration strategies for rehabilitation programs to maximize therapeutic outcomes.