Physical therapy research最新文献

{"title":"Workload, Harassment, and Workplace Consultation Availability and Their Associations with Mental Distress among Physical Therapists.","authors":"Munetsugu Kota, Sae Uezono, Toru Nishigori, Tetsuya Chiba, Kiyoshi Nawai","doi":"10.1298/ptr.25-E10390","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1298/ptr.25-E10390","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Physical therapists (PTs) face various psychosocial risks that affect their mental health; however, profession-specific reports on organizational exposures remain limited. This study aimed to examine total overtime, workplace harassment, and workplace consultation availability and their associations with current mental distress among PTs in Japan.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A nationwide cross-sectional web survey of PTs, conducted from August 12 to September 20, 2025, was analyzed. The primary outcome was current mental distress (yes/no). The main exposures were total overtime in the past 3 months (per 10 h/3 months), workplace harassment (yes/no), and workplace consultation availability (yes/no). Separate multivariable logistic models were fit for each exposure with a common adjustment set (sex, age, tenure in current workplace [midpoint, years], employment status, hospital bed size, and number of PTs). Missing covariates were handled via multiple imputation (multiple imputation by chained equations, m = 15) with pooling by Rubin's rules.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 718 PTs surveyed, 312 (43.5%) were classified as distress present. Mean total overtime was 16.7 ± 15.0 h over 3 months and was higher in the distress-present group. Adjusted associations were total overtime adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.13 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.98-1.31) per additional 10 h, harassment aOR 2.29 (95% CI 1.67-3.14), and workplace consultation availability aOR 0.60 (95% CI 0.43-0.84).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Workplace harassment was associated with higher rates of mental distress, whereas workplace consultation availability was inversely associated. Total overtime showed a positive trend in the adjusted model. These findings point to organizational targets, including overtime management, harassment prevention, and accessible consultation routes.</p>","PeriodicalId":74445,"journal":{"name":"Physical therapy research","volume":"29 2","pages":"181-186"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13624567/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149119631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Change in Quality of Life after Rehabilitation in Cambodia among Adults with Lower Limb Amputation.","authors":"Sit Song, Phearavin Pheng","doi":"10.1298/ptr.R0039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1298/ptr.R0039","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to describe the quality of life (QoL) of persons with lower limb amputations (LLAs) in Cambodia both before and after rehabilitation, and to identify predictor variables associated with increased QoL outcomes post-rehabilitation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 164 participants with LLA from 7 physical rehabilitation centers (PRCs) across Cambodia completed the baseline assessment; however, only 125 participants (58% below- or through-knee amputations; 98% unilateral) completed the 3-month follow-up, with 39 participants lost to follow-up. Participants were interviewed using the Comprehensive Quality of Life Scale Adult questionnaire (which includes both objective and subjective scores). Baseline data were collected on the first day of admission at the PRC, following referrals from hospitals after the limb surgery. Follow-up data were gathered 3 months after discharge from rehabilitation. A paired t-test was used to assess the difference in QoL scores, and linear regression identified factors potentially associated with changes in QoL.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our findings indicate that both objective and subjective QoL scores of persons with LLA increased significantly 3 months after rehabilitation (p <0.001). The absence of residual stump pain was significantly associated with higher QoL scores (p = 0.002). In contrast, a longer delay (>12 months) between amputation and receipt of rehabilitation services was associated with a smaller improvement in subjective QoL (p = 0.023).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The findings suggest that early rehabilitation after amputation and the inclusion of effective pain management may be associated with better QoL outcomes; however, these approaches should be evaluated through further research to validate their impact.</p>","PeriodicalId":74445,"journal":{"name":"Physical therapy research","volume":"29 2","pages":"97-108"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13624551/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149119817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Physiotherapists in Multi-professional Primary Care: Lessons for Japan.","authors":"Stephen Peckham","doi":"10.1298/ptr.R0043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1298/ptr.R0043","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Japan's primary care system is evolving from a specialist-dominated model to one incorporating board-certified family physicians and generalist training pathways. However, the system remains fragmented, with limited integration of multi-professional teams. Primary care due to legal and systemic barriers, including the requirement for physician referrals and limited training for autonomous practice. Drawing on international evidence, this paper examines the potential role of physiotherapists as first-contact practitioners (FCPs) and advanced practice physiotherapists (APPs) within Japan's evolving primary care system, with particular attention to system integration, workforce capacity, and care for musculoskeletal and chronic conditions. Studies demonstrate improved clinical outcomes, patient satisfaction, operational efficiency, and cost-effectiveness with physiotherapy-led models. FCPs reduce physician workload, medication use, and diagnostic imaging, while enhancing patient self-management and adherence to guidelines. However, challenges such as role ambiguity, diagnostic uncertainty, and inadequate funding hinder effective integration. Addressing these barriers requires legislative reform, comprehensive training, role clarity, and improved inter-professional collaboration. For Japan, embedding physiotherapists in multidisciplinary primary health care could support integrated community care, addressing the needs of an aging population and fragmented services. This transition necessitates redefining physiotherapy roles, expanding the scope of practice, and aligning with chronic care models. Coordinated policy initiatives on funding, training, and regulation are essential to develop multi-professional primary care teams and optimize patient outcomes. Lessons from international models provide valuable insights for advancing physiotherapy's role in Japan's primary care system.</p>","PeriodicalId":74445,"journal":{"name":"Physical therapy research","volume":"29 2","pages":"71-78"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13624550/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149119688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exercise-based Rehabilitation in Cardio-renal-pulmonary Multimorbidity: Shared Pathophysiology, Functional Phenotypes, and Clinical Implications.","authors":"Toshimi Sato, Yuichiro Sasamoto, Daisuke Suzuki, Shun Monoe, Keita Kaneko, Shinichiro Morishita","doi":"10.1298/ptr.R0044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1298/ptr.R0044","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Heart failure (HF), chronic kidney disease (CKD), and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) frequently coexist and collectively constitute a high-risk multimorbid state characterized by shared pathophysiology, compounded exercise intolerance, frailty, and worse clinical outcomes. These overlapping conditions interact through several mechanisms, including neurohormonal activation, systemic inflammation, oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, hemodynamic interactions, and skeletal muscle abnormalities. These mechanisms restrict functional capacity through both central and peripheral pathways. Exercise-based rehabilitation has emerged as an essential nonpharmacological intervention across cardiovascular, renal, and pulmonary medicine and is supported by robust evidence for improvements in exercise capacity and health-related quality of life in single-organ disease populations. However, patients with overlapping cardio-renal-pulmonary impairment remain underrepresented in rehabilitation trials, and evidence for the triple overlap of HF, CKD, and COPD remains particularly scarce. This narrative review synthesizes current evidence on the pathophysiology of cardio-renal-pulmonary multimorbidity and the mechanisms of exercise intolerance. Furthermore, it summarizes functional phenotypes, clinical assessments, and the effects of exercise-based rehabilitation across single-organ and overlapping disease states. Finally, practical implications for individualized exercise prescription, delivery models, and safety monitoring are discussed. We propose a phenotype-guided, function-centered framework for rehabilitation in this complex population and outline key research priorities to strengthen the evidence base for this high-risk, underserved population.</p>","PeriodicalId":74445,"journal":{"name":"Physical therapy research","volume":"29 2","pages":"87-96"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13624558/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149119815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between Frailty and the Self-reported Inability to Immediately Open a Polyethylene Terephthalate Bottle Cap in Older Japanese Adults.","authors":"Yohei Sawaya, Tamaki Hirose, Masahiro Ishizaka, Naori Hashimoto, Akira Kubo, Tomohiko Urano","doi":"10.1298/ptr.E10323","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1298/ptr.E10323","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to clarify the association between frailty and the self-reported inability to immediately open a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottle cap.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study included 427 participants aged 73 and 78 years in City A, Japan. Frailty was assessed using the Kihon Checklist (KCL), and PET bottle cap opening ability was surveyed using a mailed questionnaire. The participants were divided into Immediately Open and Cannot-Immediately Open groups. The frailty status and KCL scores were compared between the groups. Multivariate analysis was used to investigate the association between frailty and the PET bottle cap-opening pattern. The possibility of screening frailty based on the Immediately/Cannot-Immediately Open classification was analyzed using a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The number of frailty in the Cannot-Immediately Open group was significantly greater than the expected count compared to the robust and pre-frailty groups (<i>P</i> <0.001). Total KCL scores differed significantly between the Immediately Open group (3.2 ± 3.1) and the Cannot-Immediately Open group (5.7 ± 4.1) (<i>P</i> <0.001). The Cannot-Immediately Open group showed significantly higher scores in 5 of the 7 domains and a higher proportion of 1-point scores in 15 of the 25 KCL items. Individuals in the Cannot-Immediately Open group were associated with frailty (β = 2.03; odds ratio = 7.62; <i>P</i> <0.001). The ROC analysis revealed a sensitivity and specificity of 50.0% and 81.0%, respectively (area under the curve = 0.65; <i>P</i> <0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The self-reported inability to open a PET bottle cap immediately may be a moderate screening tool for frailty and is associated with many frailty factors.</p>","PeriodicalId":74445,"journal":{"name":"Physical therapy research","volume":"28 1","pages":"37-44"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12047043/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144036924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modulating Cortico-cortical Networks with Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation: A Minireview.","authors":"Ryoki Sasaki","doi":"10.1298/ptr.R0035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1298/ptr.R0035","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Advancements in brain imaging and analytical methods have demonstrated that behavior arises from the coordinated activity of multiple brain regions within cortico-cortical networks. Transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS), a noninvasive brain stimulation (NIBS) technique, applies weak sinusoidal alternating currents to specific brain regions using scalp-mounted electrodes. Traditionally, tACS has been used to target single brain regions to enhance functions such as motor, sensory, and cognitive abilities. However, recent findings indicate its potential for simultaneously stimulating 2 brain regions, thereby modulating cortico-cortical network strength through neural entrainment-where brain oscillations synchronize with external rhythmic stimuli. Despite this potential, tACS applications remain primarily focused on individual brain regions. Given that behavior stems from dynamic interactions within cortico-cortical networks rather than isolated regions, this minireview explores the role of these networks in shaping behavior through functional connectivity as identified by neuroimaging. It also provides an in-depth analysis of tACS as a tool for modifying cortico-cortical networks via neural entrainment, offering promising applications in neurorehabilitation for brain disorders linked to network dysfunction. This highlights tACS as a novel approach for targeted modulation of cortico-cortical networks, distinguishing it from traditional NIBS techniques.</p>","PeriodicalId":74445,"journal":{"name":"Physical therapy research","volume":"28 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12047044/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144037808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Postoperative Effects of Somatosensory Foot Training on Balance and Walking Ability in Proximal Femoral Fractures: A Single-case Design Analysis.","authors":"Tomoki Hakamata, Junichi Suganuma, Kazuhiro Chidori","doi":"10.1298/ptr.25-E10349","DOIUrl":"10.1298/ptr.25-E10349","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>By using a single-case design, we aimed to assess the impact of postoperative somatosensory foot training on walking balance and speed compared with conventional physical therapy interventions in 3 patients with proximal femoral fractures.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study included 3 patients in their 70s who sustained left proximal femoral fractures due to falls and underwent open reduction and internal fixation or hemiarthroplasty. An AB-type single-case design was employed, with phase A consisting of conventional physical therapy interventions and phase B involving additional somatosensory training. Each phase lasted for 6 days. The outcome measures included the Timed Up-and-Go (TUG) test and 10-m maximum walking speed. To determine interventional effects, effect sizes were calculated using the percentage of nonoverlapping data (PND) and the Tau-U coefficient.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our PND analysis indicated a large effect size for the TUG and 10-m maximum walking speed outcome measures in all cases. Additionally, the Tau-U analysis showed that all patients exhibited significantly shorter TUG times and higher 10-m maximum walking speeds in phase B compared with phase A (p <0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Postoperative somatosensory foot training may be effective in improving walking balance and speed in patients with proximal femoral fractures.</p>","PeriodicalId":74445,"journal":{"name":"Physical therapy research","volume":"28 3","pages":"225-230"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12778362/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145936606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In-hospital Cardiac Arrest Following Spinal Cord Injury: A Scoping Review.","authors":"Daisuke Kubo, Tatsuya Okawa","doi":"10.1298/ptr.E10329","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1298/ptr.E10329","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This review aimed to examine the characteristics of patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) who experience in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA), as well as the timing, circumstances, and interventions associated with these events.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A comprehensive literature search was conducted across multiple databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and Igaku Chuo Zasshi Web (in Japanese), for studies published up to 2024. Two independent reviewers screened the literature. Data were extracted from the selected studies regarding the characteristics of patients with SCI who experienced IHCA, the timing of IHCA, the circumstances under which it occurred, and the interventions provided.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 56 studies met the inclusion criteria. IHCA most commonly occurs in patients with complete cervical SCI. The time frame for IHCA occurrence ranged from 1 day and 2.5 months post-injury. IHCA frequently occurs during endotracheal suctioning or postural changes. The most commonly reported intervention for IHCA was the use of a pacemaker.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In patients with SCI, IHCA is more prevalent among those with severe cervical injuries and is often triggered by procedures such as suctioning or postural adjustments. Physical therapist needs to implement robust risk management strategies. These findings are crucial for both clinical practice and future research.</p>","PeriodicalId":74445,"journal":{"name":"Physical therapy research","volume":"28 1","pages":"68-75"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12047041/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144060618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations of Changes in Skeletal Muscle Mass on Computed Tomography with Improvements of Muscle Strength and Physical Activity after Sleeve Gastrectomy: A Pilot Study.","authors":"Misuzu Kuba, Shinichiro Ueda","doi":"10.1298/ptr.25-E10351","DOIUrl":"10.1298/ptr.25-E10351","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Sleeve gastrectomy (SG) effectively reduces food intake and enhances health and longevity, although weight loss often involves reductions in body fat and skeletal muscle. Hence, we examined how changes in skeletal muscle density relate to muscle strength and physical activity before and after SG.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This pilot observational study included 173 patients (mean age: 46 ± 11 years) who attended the hospital before and 1 year after undergoing SG between December 2018 and July 2022. Muscle cross-sectional area (cm²), skeletal muscle density, and fat cross-sectional area (cm²) at the 3rd lumbar vertebra were measured on computed tomography (CT) images. The psoas muscle index (PMI) was calculated as the cross-sectional area of both psoas muscles (cm²) divided by height squared (m²), and CT values for skeletal muscle density of the psoas and multifidus muscles, visceral fat area (VFA), and subcutaneous fat area (SFA) were obtained. Relative and absolute muscle strengths, sitting time, and total physical activity from the International Physical Activity Questionnaire were also assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Although VFA, SFA, PMI, and absolute muscle strength decreased significantly after SG compared to those before SG (p <0.001), skeletal muscle density, relative muscle strength, and total physical activity increased significantly after SG, with a significant reduction in sitting time (p <0.001). There were significant positive correlations between changes in skeletal muscle density and changes in relative muscle strength and total physical activity.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Improving skeletal muscle density with SG may be associated with increased relative muscle strength and improved physical activity.</p>","PeriodicalId":74445,"journal":{"name":"Physical therapy research","volume":"28 3","pages":"181-187"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12778353/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145936592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physiotherapy in the Polyclinic during Tokyo 2020 Olympic Games: A Detailed Analysis of Care Provided for 808 Athletes.","authors":"Marie-Elaine Grant, Kathrin Steffen, Debbie Palmer, Torbjørn Soligard, Alexandre Dias Lopes","doi":"10.1298/ptr.E10332","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1298/ptr.E10332","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The study provided a comprehensive analysis exploring the association between athletes' injury characteristics and the choice of physiotherapy treatments applied at the Polyclinic Tokyo 2020.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data from all physiotherapy treatments offered in the Polyclinic Olympic Village in Tokyo between 13 July and 10 August were recorded electronically. The physiotherapy team consisted of approximately 150 Japanese physiotherapists. Physiotherapy modalities analyzed were cryotherapy, electrotherapy, exercise therapy, laser therapy, manual therapy, shockwave therapy, taping, and ultrasound therapy. Logistic regression assessed the association between athletes' injury characteristics and the physiotherapy treatment the Polyclinic Physiotherapy Services offered at the Tokyo 2020 Olympic Games using odds ratio.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This study analyzed 808 athletes who received physiotherapy, of which 66.6% (n = 1023) were for lower limb chronic injuries affecting muscles and tendons (72.8%, n = 1209) and were the most prevalent ones treated. Chronic injuries accounted for 56.7% (n = 942). Manual therapy was associated with trunk injuries (odds ratio 1.8, 95% confidence interval 1.4-2.3) and chronic injuries (1.5, 1.2-1.9). Ultrasound therapy was associated with injuries of the upper limbs (3.6, 1.9-6.7) and lower limbs (3.0, 1.7-5.2). Taping was associated with bone/joint/ligament injuries (2.1, 1.4-3.0). Shockwave was associated with muscle/tendon injuries (2.0, 1.2-3.4). Cryotherapy was related to acute injuries (1.8, 1.1-3.0) and lower limbs (3.6, 1.4-9.4). Laser was associated with bone/joint/ligament injuries (14.4, 4.5-45.8).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Chronic injuries affecting lower limb muscles and tendons were the most prevalent musculoskeletal injuries treated at the Tokyo 2020 Polyclinic. Overall, Japanese physiotherapists used manual therapy, taping, exercise, and ultrasound therapy to treat athlete injuries.</p>","PeriodicalId":74445,"journal":{"name":"Physical therapy research","volume":"28 1","pages":"61-67"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12047046/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144001718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}