{"title":"Pathways to Phage Therapy Enlightenment, or Why I Have Become a Scientific Curmudgeon.","authors":"Stephen T Abedon","doi":"10.1089/phage.2022.0012","DOIUrl":"10.1089/phage.2022.0012","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Over the past decade I, with collaborators, have authored a number of publications outlining what in the first of these I described as \"Phage therapy best practices\"-phage therapy being the use of bacterial viruses (bacteriophages) to treat bacterial infections, such as clinically. More generally, this is phage-mediated biocontrol of bacteria, including of bacteria that can contaminate foods. For the sake of increasing accessibility, here I gather some of these suggestions, along with some frustrations, into a single place, while first providing by way of explanation where they, and I, come from scientifically. Although in my opinion phage therapy and phage-mediated biocontrol are both sound approaches toward combating unwanted bacteria, I feel at the same time that the practice of especially phage therapy research could be improved. I supply also, as supplemental material, a list of ∼100 English language 2000-and-later publications providing primary descriptions of phage application to humans.</p>","PeriodicalId":74428,"journal":{"name":"PHAGE (New Rochelle, N.Y.)","volume":"3 2","pages":"95-97"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9436250/pdf/phage.2022.0012.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9554099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Data to Power Precision Phage Therapy: A Look at the Phage Directory-Phage Australia Partnership.","authors":"Jessica C Sacher, Jan Zheng, Ruby C Y Lin","doi":"10.1089/phage.2022.29030.jcs","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/phage.2022.29030.jcs","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Phage Directory has recently partnered with Phage Australia to help optimize Australia's data-centric standardized approach to personalized phage therapy. Here is a behind-the-scenes look at the genesis of Phage Australia, how the Phage Directory-Phage Australia partnership started, and what it is working toward.</p>","PeriodicalId":74428,"journal":{"name":"PHAGE (New Rochelle, N.Y.)","volume":"3 2","pages":"112-115"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9436254/pdf/phage.2022.29030.jcs.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9929037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"inPhocus: Once Upon a Time ….","authors":"Peder Worning","doi":"10.1089/phage.2022.0017","DOIUrl":"10.1089/phage.2022.0017","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":74428,"journal":{"name":"PHAGE (New Rochelle, N.Y.)","volume":"3 2","pages":"68-70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9436252/pdf/phage.2022.0017.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9554101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Using Phages to Reduce <i>Salmonella</i> Prevalence in Chicken Meat: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Malak Almutairi, Mohammed Imam, Nouf Alammari, Radwan Hafiz, Faizal Patel, Sulaiman Alajel","doi":"10.1089/phage.2021.0017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/phage.2021.0017","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Salmonellosis is an infection that significantly impacts chicken and humans who consume it; it is a burden on public health and a contributor to commercial losses in the chicken industry worldwide. To tackle chicken meat-related bacterial infections, significant quantities of antibiotics alongside several infection prevention measures are used worldwide. However, chemical additives, such as organic acids, and chlorine-based interventions all have different limitations. These include feed refusal due to a change of taste, and incompatibility between organic acids and other inoculated preservative agents such as antimicrobial agents. Phages are host-specific viruses that interact with bacteria in a specific manner. Therefore, they possess unique biological and therapeutic features that can be used to reduce bacterial contamination, leading to improved food safety and quality. This systematic review examines the current evidence regarding the effectiveness of various phages on <i>Salmonella</i> colonization in chicken meat. This review summarizes findings from 17 studies that were conducted <i>in vitro</i> with similar experimental conditions (temperature and incubation parameters) to test the efficacy of isolated and commercially available phages on chicken raw meat samples. The current evidence suggests that most of the <i>in vitro</i> studies that used phages as a biocontrol to eradicate <i>Salmonella</i> contamination in chicken meat were successful. This indicates that phages constitute a promising solution worldwide for tackling foodborne bacteria, including <i>Salmonella.</i></p>","PeriodicalId":74428,"journal":{"name":"PHAGE (New Rochelle, N.Y.)","volume":"3 1","pages":"15-27"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9041517/pdf/phage.2021.0017.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10814644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Amanda G Finney, Jalyne M Perry, Daniel R Evans, Kevin J Westbrook, Christi L McElheny, Alina Iovleva, Yohei Doi, Ryan K Shields, Daria Van Tyne
{"title":"Isolation and Characterization of Lytic Bacteriophages Targeting Diverse <i>Enterobacter</i> spp. Clinical Isolates.","authors":"Amanda G Finney, Jalyne M Perry, Daniel R Evans, Kevin J Westbrook, Christi L McElheny, Alina Iovleva, Yohei Doi, Ryan K Shields, Daria Van Tyne","doi":"10.1089/phage.2021.0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/phage.2021.0011","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Background:</i></b> <i>Enterobacter</i> spp. are opportunistic pathogens that cause nosocomial infections. Bacteriophages could be used to treat antibiotic-resistant <i>Enterobacter</i> infections. <b><i>Materials and Methods:</i></b> We used 10 genetically diverse clinical <i>Enterobacter</i> spp. isolates to identify lytic bacteriophages in hospital and municipal wastewater. Comparative genomics was performed on host bacterial isolates and isolated phages. Activity of each phage against all 10 host isolates was determined. We also tested phage activity against paired isolates from two patients who developed ceftazidime-avibactam resistance. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Bacteria belonged to three <i>Enterobacter</i> species and <i>Klebsiella aerogenes.</i> We isolated 12 bacteriophages, most of which belonged to the <i>Myoviridae</i> and <i>Autographiviridae</i> families. Most phages were able to lyse multiple bacterial isolates, and many lysed isolates of different species. Ceftazidime-avibactam-resistant isolates were still phage susceptible, and one isolate showed increased susceptibility compared with the parent isolate. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> The phages we isolated expand the diversity of <i>Enterobacter-</i>targeting phages, and could be useful for treating antibiotic-resistant <i>Enterobacter</i> infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":74428,"journal":{"name":"PHAGE (New Rochelle, N.Y.)","volume":"3 1","pages":"50-58"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/b3/90/phage.2021.0011.PMC9041515.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10159252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Navin Kumar Verma, Si Jia Tan, John Chen, Hanrong Chen, Muhammad Hafiz Ismail, Scott A Rice, Pablo Bifani, Sukumar Hariharan, Vivek Daniel Paul, Bharathi Sriram, Linh Chi Dam, Chia Ching Chan, Peiying Ho, Boon Chong Goh, Shimin Jasmine Chung, Kenneth Choon Meng Goh, Shu Hua Thong, Andrea Lay-Hoon Kwa, Adam Ostrowski, Thet Tun Aung, Halimah Razali, Shermaine W Y Low, Mani Shankar Bhattacharyya, Hemant K Gautam, Rajamani Lakshminarayanan, Thomas Sicheritz-Pontén, Martha R J Clokie, Wilfried Moreira, Maurice Adrianus Monique van Steensel
{"title":"inPhocus: Current State and Challenges of Phage Research in Singapore.","authors":"Navin Kumar Verma, Si Jia Tan, John Chen, Hanrong Chen, Muhammad Hafiz Ismail, Scott A Rice, Pablo Bifani, Sukumar Hariharan, Vivek Daniel Paul, Bharathi Sriram, Linh Chi Dam, Chia Ching Chan, Peiying Ho, Boon Chong Goh, Shimin Jasmine Chung, Kenneth Choon Meng Goh, Shu Hua Thong, Andrea Lay-Hoon Kwa, Adam Ostrowski, Thet Tun Aung, Halimah Razali, Shermaine W Y Low, Mani Shankar Bhattacharyya, Hemant K Gautam, Rajamani Lakshminarayanan, Thomas Sicheritz-Pontén, Martha R J Clokie, Wilfried Moreira, Maurice Adrianus Monique van Steensel","doi":"10.1089/phage.2022.29028.nkv","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/phage.2022.29028.nkv","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bacteriophages and phage-derived proteins are a promising class of antibacterial agents that experience a growing worldwide interest. To map ongoing phage research in Singapore and neighboring countries, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore (NTU) and Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUS) recently co-organized a virtual symposium on Bacteriophage and Bacteriophage-Derived Technologies, which was attended by more than 80 participants. Topics were discussed relating to phage life cycles, diversity, the roles of phages in biofilms and the human gut microbiome, engineered phage lysins to combat polymicrobial infections in wounds, and the challenges and prospects of clinical phage therapy. This perspective summarizes major points discussed during the symposium and new perceptions that emerged after the panel discussion.</p>","PeriodicalId":74428,"journal":{"name":"PHAGE (New Rochelle, N.Y.)","volume":"3 1","pages":"6-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9436264/pdf/phage.2022.29028.nkv.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10820874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Evolution of Phage - Phage Cartoon by Ellie Jameson.","authors":"","doi":"10.1089/phage.2022.29029.car","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/phage.2022.29029.car","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":74428,"journal":{"name":"PHAGE (New Rochelle, N.Y.)","volume":"3 1","pages":"5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9436259/pdf/phage.2022.29029.car.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10814643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A March Mashup.","authors":"Martha R J Clokie","doi":"10.1089/phage.2022.29027.edi","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/phage.2022.29027.edi","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":74428,"journal":{"name":"PHAGE (New Rochelle, N.Y.)","volume":"3 1","pages":"3-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9436249/pdf/phage.2022.29027.edi.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10820875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Daniel Castillo, Alexander Ravndal Højsting, Andrea Roosvall, Giorgos Smyrlis, Johanna Jørgensen, Mathias Middelboe
{"title":"<i>In Vitro</i> Evolution of Specific Phages Infecting the Fish Pathogen <i>Flavobacterium psychrophilum</i>.","authors":"Daniel Castillo, Alexander Ravndal Højsting, Andrea Roosvall, Giorgos Smyrlis, Johanna Jørgensen, Mathias Middelboe","doi":"10.1089/phage.2022.0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/phage.2022.0006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong><i>Flavobacterium psychrophilum</i> is the causative agent of the bacterial cold-water disease and rainbow trout fry syndrome. Owing to the issues associated with increasing use of antibiotics to control the diseases, phage therapy has been proposed as an alternative method to control <i>Flavobacterium</i> infection within the industry.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>We explored two simple and fast <i>in vitro</i> strategies for the isolation of evolved <i>F. psychrophilum</i> phages, using three well-characterized phages FpV4, FpV9, and FPSV-S20.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During <i>in vitro</i> serial transfer experiments, 12 evolved phages were selected 72-96 h after phage exposure in the first or second week. Phenotype analysis showed improvement of host range and efficiency of plating and adsorption constants. Comparative genomic analysis of the evolved phages identified 13 independent point mutations causing amino acid changes mostly in hypothetical proteins.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These results confirmed the reliability and effectivity of two strategies to isolate evolved <i>F. psychrophilum</i> phages, which may be used to expand phage-host range and target phage-resistant pathogens in phage therapy applications against <i>Flavobacterium</i> infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":74428,"journal":{"name":"PHAGE (New Rochelle, N.Y.)","volume":"3 1","pages":"28-37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10071593/pdf/phage.2022.0006.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9325091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"<i>Call for Special Issue Papers:</i> Phage/Host Combat: Phage Strategies for Taking Over the Host and Host Strategies for Defense: Deadline for Manuscript Submission: July 1, 2022.","authors":"Deborah M Hinton, Paul E Turner","doi":"10.1089/phage.2022.29026.cfp","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/phage.2022.29026.cfp","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":74428,"journal":{"name":"PHAGE (New Rochelle, N.Y.)","volume":"3 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9436253/pdf/phage.2022.29026.cfp.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10814642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}