Pediatric health, medicine and therapeutics最新文献

{"title":"Analysis of Childhood Pneumonia: A Comparison Between the Pre- and During the COVID-19 Pandemic in a Reference Hospital in Brazil.","authors":"Eduardo Jorge Fonseca Lima, Luiza Campos Corrêa de Araújo, Karine Ferreira Agra, Ana Julia Xavier Mendoza, Julia Pierre de Brito Siebra, Carmina Silva Dos Santos","doi":"10.2147/PHMT.S451735","DOIUrl":"10.2147/PHMT.S451735","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is one of the most common causes of childhood morbidity and mortality, causing about two million deaths per year worldwide. The complicated CAP (CCAP) results from the worsening of CAP. Their incidence has reduced in the last 30 years due to vaccination. However, the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic reduced vaccination coverage, resulting in increased incidence of CCAP in 2021 and 2022.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To analyze the clinical and epidemiological profile of CAP in children under five years of age in two periods: pre- (2018 to 2019) and during the COVID-19 pandemic (2020 to 2022).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional retrospective study was conducted at the Professor Fernando Figueira Institute of Integral Medicine (IMIP). We analyzed the sociodemographic and clinical variables of children with CAP aged below five years who were admitted to IMIP from 2018 to 2022. Analysis encompassed the Pearson's Chi-square test, Fischer's exact test, and Student's T tests.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 468 children were analyzed: 382 in the pre-pandemic period and 86 during the COVID-19 pandemic. Concerning the antibiotic therapy, the most prescribed was Ampicillin (45.00%) in both periods. The combination of Oxacillin and Ceftriaxone was prescribed in 6.86% of cases in the pre-pandemic period; this value increased to 20.90% during the COVID-19 pandemic. Pleural effusion represented 12.10% of cases in the pre-pandemic period and 24.40% during the COVID-19 pandemic. The presence of pleural empyema went from 1.60% to 8.20%, and necrotizing pneumonia from 1.30% to 5.90% in the respective periods. Regarding ICU admission, 5.30% were admitted during the pre-pandemic period and 34.10% during the COVID-19 pandemic. Clinical suspicion of influenza presented a positivity rate of 17.60%.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Children with CAP presented a higher frequency of complications during the COVID-19 pandemic. Further research is needed to find the cause of increased CAP complications in this period.</p>","PeriodicalId":74410,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric health, medicine and therapeutics","volume":"15 ","pages":"103-110"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10913806/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140041150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Saliva-Based Protein Analysis in Pediatric Dentofacial Inflammation.","authors":"Bogusława Orzechowska-Wylęgała, Adam Wylęgała, Jolanta Zalejska Fiolka, Zenon Czuba, Michal Toborek","doi":"10.2147/PHMT.S440223","DOIUrl":"10.2147/PHMT.S440223","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>Saliva contains various proteins that are important in developing inflammatory processes and their prevention. One key aspect of saliva research is the relationship between oral infections and inflammation, and the role of some salivary proteins.</p><p><strong>The work aims: </strong>To demonstrate which salivary cytokines can be biomarkers of acute odontogenic oral and facial infections in children.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The study included two groups of patients: a study group of 28 children: 7 girls and 21 boys aged 3 -17 years with acute dentofacial inflammation (DI) and a control group of 52 children: 16 girls and 36 boys aged 4-17 years with uncomplicated dental caries (CE). The levels of Interleukin-5 (IL-5), Interleukin -10 (IL-10), Interleukin-17A (IL-17A), Interleukin-12p70 (IL-12p70), Eotaxin, Rantes, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF), and Interferon gamma-induced protein 10 (IP10) in the saliva of children in DI and CE groups were compared. Statistical analysis was performed with Statistica 13. The Student's <i>t</i>-test and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test were used.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results show that IL-10, IL-17A, and Eotaxin showed a statistically significant increase in the DI group compared to the CE group. The significance level for IL-10 was p=0.02, for IL-17A was equal to Eotaxin and p=0.04. The other measured parameters did not differ statistically significant between the two groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>IL-10, IL-17A, and Eotaxin can be used as potential biomarkers for tooth-related inflammatory states of the oral cavity and face in children. These biomarkers can be useful in identifying and monitoring the presence of inflammation in the oral cavity and face.</p>","PeriodicalId":74410,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric health, medicine and therapeutics","volume":"15 ","pages":"95-102"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10908279/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140023622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictors of Failure in Ultrasound-Guided Hydrostatic Reduction of Intussusception in Children: Retrospective Analysis in a Specialized Center in Ethiopia.","authors":"Belachew Dejene Wondemagegnehu, Ephrem Nidaw Kerego, Tihtina Negussie Mammo, Amezene Tadesse Robele, Fisseha Temesgen Gebru, Woubedel Kiflu Aklilu","doi":"10.2147/PHMT.S451832","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/PHMT.S451832","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To identify factors predicting the failure of ultrasound-guided hydrostatic reduction of intussusception in children.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>The medical records of 174 children who underwent ultrasound-guided hydrostatic reduction of intussusception over four years were reviewed at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital. Patient's demography, clinical data, and sonography findings (type of intussusception, length of intussusception, presence of lead point, trapped fluid, lymph node, and free peritoneal fluid) were entered into SPSS 25 (IBM) and analyzed using logistic regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The overall success rate of ultrasound-guided hydrostatic reduction was 81.6%. The sex, presence of abdominal cramps, vomiting, diarrhea, trapped lymph nodes on ultrasound, or history of upper respiratory tract infection had no association with hydrostatic reducibility. Currant jelly stool (OR 0.128; 95% CI, 0.27-0.616; P=0.01), Ileo-ileo colic intussusception (OR 0.055; 95% CI, 0.005-0.597; P=0.017), pathologic lead point (OR 0.66; 95% CI, 0.01-0.447; P=0.005) and abdominal distention (OR 0.209; 95% CI, 0.044-0.998; P=0.048) showed significant association with failed hydrostatic reduction.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The presence of currant jelly stool, ileo-ileo colic type intussusception, pathologic lead point, and abdominal distention are the most important predictors for failed ultrasound ultrasound-guided reduction intussusception in children.</p>","PeriodicalId":74410,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric health, medicine and therapeutics","volume":"15 ","pages":"87-94"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10887998/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139974910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immunological Features of Children with Gastrointestinal Bleeding Due to Henoch-Schönlein Purpura.","authors":"Lingrong Yang, Jing Guo, Fu Xiong","doi":"10.2147/PHMT.S429961","DOIUrl":"10.2147/PHMT.S429961","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study aims to evaluate the immunological features of gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding in children with Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP).</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>This retrospective study was conducted on children with HSP. Demographic and clinical data were collected, including serum immunoglobulin (Ig) levels, complement C3 and C4 levels, and lymphocyte subtype percentage.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 446 hospitalized children had HSP. Eighty-six children with HSP had GI bleeding, 114 had proteinuria, and 107 had hematuria. Lower arthralgia, prolonged glucocorticoid use, increased white blood cell counts, elevated neutrophils and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, reduced IgG and C3 levels, elevated CD19⁺ cell percentage, and reduced CD3⁺ cell and natural killer cell percentages were associated with GI bleeding risk in patients with HSP. Multivariate regression analysis revealed that arthralgia, glucocorticoid use, increased neutrophil percentage, reduced IgG and C3 levels, and increased CD19⁺ cell percentage were independent predictors of GI bleeding. Further analysis indicated that the combination of C3 and CD19⁺ cell percentages had a high predictive ability for GI bleeding in children with HSP.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study indicated that reduced C3 and increased CD19⁺ cell percentages contributed to the development of GI bleeding in children with HSP. Specific immunologic profiles may be strongly correlated with GI bleeding risk in children with HSP.</p>","PeriodicalId":74410,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric health, medicine and therapeutics","volume":"15 ","pages":"59-66"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10821657/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139572288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parental Willingness and Factors Influencing COVID-19 Vaccination for Children in Saudi Arabia.","authors":"Sarah AlMuammar, Weam Alshora, Atheer Sadik Gari, Reem Khalid Bahaj, Bayan Abdullah Alansari","doi":"10.2147/PHMT.S443272","DOIUrl":"10.2147/PHMT.S443272","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The study aimed to examine the parents' willingness and its association with demographic factors, attitudes, and practices to vaccinate their child against COVID-19.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>The study involved 2500 participants from various regions of Saudi Arabia and was conducted between July 1, 2021, and August 31, 2021. Information was gathered via an online questionnaire comprising 26 questions, distributed across social media platforms. Informed consent was obtained from all participants before the commencement of the study. A chi-square test was applied to analyze the association among variables, utilizing a subset of 2127 participants based on study inclusion criteria. A chi-square test was applied to observe the association.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The willingness of parents to vaccinae their children against COVID-19 was found 61%. The main reason for taking was \"Protect the child\" by 1094 (51.4%%) and the main reason for refusing was \"Side effects/safety concerns\" by 477 (22.4%). 1846 (86.8%) participants, received the COVID-19 vaccine or were planning to receive it.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study concluded that parent's willingness to vaccinate their children against COVID-19 was relatively high in our sample as about two-thirds of them accept the vaccine for their child once it is available. The use of the health belief model demonstrated the urgent requirement for awareness and education campaigns in the private and public sectors to increase awareness of parents not only related to COVID-19 but also to cater to any unexpected or suspected pandemic of infectious disease in the future full capacity.</p>","PeriodicalId":74410,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric health, medicine and therapeutics","volume":"15 ","pages":"29-48"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10800286/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139520908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Natural Extracts in the Management of Infantile Hemangiomas and Vascular Tumors","authors":"Iulia Roca, Elena Cojocaru, Carmen Rusu, L. Trandafir, Cătălina Săveanu, V. Lupu, L. Butnariu, V. Țarcă, Mihaela Moscalu, Jana Bernic, Ancuța Lupu, E. Țarcă","doi":"10.2147/phmt.s439537","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/phmt.s439537","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":74410,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric health, medicine and therapeutics","volume":"17 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139394533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of Stunting and Its Associated Factors Among Children Residing in Internally Displaced Persons (IDP) Camps in Hargeisa, Somaliland: A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study","authors":"B. Abdeeq, Ahmed Mohamed, Abdiwahab Abdi, Jama Mohamed, Dessalegn Tamiru, Kalkidan Abate","doi":"10.2147/phmt.s439586","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/phmt.s439586","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Stunting, a consequence of prolonged malnutrition, remains a critical global health issue affecting 165 million children under the age of five, with 10.6 million associated deaths. Its stunting prevalence is particularly pronounced in developing nations, notably Sub-Saharan Africa. Chronic protein-energy malnutrition, identified as a major cause of morbidity and mortality in displaced settings, underscores the urgency of understanding its impact in such contexts. Objective: This study aimed to assess the prevalence and associated factors of stunting among children aged 12–59 months and residing in IDP camps in Hargeisa, Somaliland. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Hargeisa from May 5 to July 30, 2022, utilizing systematic random sampling, online mobile surveys, and caregiver interviews with anthropometric measurements. The SPSS version 25 was utilized in handled data entry, processing and analysis. Multivariable logistic regression, with p < 0.05 significance, included variables from bivariate analysis ( p < 0.2). Stunting assessment utilized WHO AnthroPlus software, categorizing HAZ scores < −2.0 SD. Results: The prevalence of stunting among children living in IDP camps was found to be 21.1% [95% CI: 17.0–24.91%]. Vaccination status (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 0.19, 95% CI: 0.09–0.38), deworming practice (aOR = 6.5, 95% CI: 2.91–14.52), place of delivery (aOR = 0.14, 95% CI: 0.07–0.30), measles experience in the last year (aOR = 0.12, 95% CI: 0.04–0.34), ANC visits (aOR = 0.33, 95% CI: 0.14–0.81), and maternal insufficient extra food intake (aOR = 2.15, 95% CI: 1.11–4.15) were significantly associated with stunting. Conclusion: The observed stunting prevalence in IDP camps (21.1%) was substantial, highlighting the need for targeted interventions. Future efforts should aim to reduce stunting from the current rate to an estimated 5–10%, emphasizing comprehensive measures such as deworming, maternal nutrition, postnatal care improvement, robust immunization, and promoting healthcare facility deliveries.","PeriodicalId":74410,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric health, medicine and therapeutics","volume":"42 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139456236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patterns and Clinico-Radiological Characteristics of Primary Liver Masses in Children Treated at a Tertiary Referral Hospital, in Ethiopia","authors":"Melese Ayllo, A. Tamire, Mohammed Legas, Gashaw Arega","doi":"10.2147/PHMT.S433460","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/PHMT.S433460","url":null,"abstract":"Background Liver masses are a cause of morbidity and mortality in children worldwide. Although the patterns and clinical-radiological characteristics of primary liver masses have been studied in developed countries, few studies have been conducted in developing countries. Studying the patterns of liver mass in children helps to improve the outcome of liver masses and to design preventive strategies if the identified risk factors are preventable. Material and Method A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted on children who met the inclusion criteria, using a self-administered structured questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. Descriptive and logistic regression analyses were used to assess the determinant factors. Results A total of 74 children were included, with most patients being males (60.8%). More than one-third (n = 27) of the participants were between 1 and 4 years of age and the mean age at diagnosis of the liver mass was 4.6 years. The duration of illness at presentation to Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital was between 4 and 8 weeks, in 42% of the patients. The most common presenting symptom was abdominal swelling, accounting for 70.3% (n = 52) of the patients. Benign hepatic mass lesions accounted for 57.5% (n = 42), and 43.2% (n = 32) were malignant liver masses. Most lesions were solitary and involved the right lobe of the liver. The common benign hepatic masses were pyogenic liver abscesses (38.1%), and the most common malignant hepatic masses were hepatoblastomas (78.1%). Conclusion Pyogenic liver abscess was the most common benign hepatic mass and hepatoblastoma was the most common malignant hepatic mass in our study. Most lesions were solitary and involved the right lobe. Understanding the patterns of liver masses will help in the early diagnosis and improve treatment outcomes in children with liver masses.","PeriodicalId":74410,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric health, medicine and therapeutics","volume":"122 46","pages":"455 - 464"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138608072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hypercalcemia in a 5-Year-Old Child with Disseminated Tuberculosis: Case Report and Literature Review","authors":"F. Salah, Abubeker Abdela, Zeinab Obeid, Leul Adane, Gashaw Arega","doi":"10.2147/PHMT.S435222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/PHMT.S435222","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In tuberculous patient, abnormal extrarenal production of 1.25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 by activated macrophages results in hypercalcemia. High calcium level associated with tuberculosis is frequent in adults with active pulmonary tuberculosis even though most patients are asymptomatic, while hypercalcemia in children due to disseminated tuberculosis is rare. Here, we described a case of a 5-year-old who presented with cough and right anterior chest swelling of two-month duration with an Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate of 144mm/hour, and a high serum ionized calcium level of 1.46millimol/L. With the epidemiologically prevalence, clinical and radiological imaging findings the diagnosis of disseminated tuberculosis to lung, pleura, lymph node, liver and bone was made, and the child was started with the anti-tuberculosis treatment, hypercalcemia was attributed to the disseminated tuberculosis precipitated by high calcium meal intake and excessive sun exposure. Tuberculosis can be complicated with hypercalcemia; care must be taken in supplementing vitamin D and high calcium meals especially in high sun exposure geographic areas.","PeriodicalId":74410,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric health, medicine and therapeutics","volume":"5 2","pages":"477 - 481"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138625342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Scoping Review of Gut Microbiome and Bifidobacterium Research in Zimbabwe: Implications for Future Studies","authors":"Danai T Zhou, Taona Mudhluli, Lindsay J Hall, Justen Manasa, S. Munyati","doi":"10.2147/PHMT.S414766","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/PHMT.S414766","url":null,"abstract":"Background Gut microbiota play a key role in host health, with certain Bifidobacterium strains critical for immune development. The healthy gut of breastfed infants is dominated by these pioneer microbes, especially the strains that feed on human milk oligosaccharides. Objective This is a scoping review of gut microbiome research from Zimbabwe. It focuses on distribution and dynamic changes of bifidobacteria, and milk components that promote growth of microbes in infants, together with the distribution of associated gut microbes in adults. Design Online databases were searched for publications from 2000 to 2023. Results and Analysis Fourteen publications on microbiota of infants and adults were included in this scoping review. Most were cross-sectional, while three were clinical trials/cohort protocols. Publications focused on pediatrics (78.5%), pregnant women (14.3%), and men (7.2%). Zimbabwe has a high burden of HIV; hence 35.7% of study populations were delineated by HIV status. The laboratory methods used included shotgun metagenomics (62%) or 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. Almost 85% of the studies focused on total microbiome profiles and rarely reported the distribution of different Bifidobacterium species and variants. None of the papers studied human breast milk composition. There were reports of reduced abundance of beneficial genera in pregnant women, children, and adolescents living with HIV. Additionally, gut microbiota was reported to be poorly predictive of child growth and vaccine response, though this was not conclusive. Conclusion There are few studies that characterize the gut microbiome by Zimbabwe-based researchers. However, studies on strain level diversity of Bifidobacterium and other key microbes, and their role in health during and beyond infancy, lag behind in Zimbabwe and other low- and middle-income countries. Such cohorts are needed to inform future mechanistic studies and downstream translational work such as next-generation probiotics and prebiotics.","PeriodicalId":74410,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric health, medicine and therapeutics","volume":"30 ","pages":"483 - 496"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138988658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}