{"title":"[New WHO Reporting System for Lung Cytopathology].","authors":"Marianne Engels","doi":"10.1007/s00292-025-01436-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00292-025-01436-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The new WHO Reporting System for Lung Cytopathology (World Health Organization Reporting System) is an international and standardized reporting system for cytology of the respiratory tract. Five diagnostic categories are defined: \"insufficient/inadequate/non-diagnostic\", \"benign\", \"atypical\", \"suspicious for malignancy\", \"malignant\". The WHO Reporting System is intended to be also applicable in countries with limited resources. Therefore, classification into the five diagnostic categories is based upon cytomorphology. The key diagnostic cytopathological features are described in the WHO Reporting System and differential diagnoses and ancillary testing are also covered, especially immunocytochemistry and molecular pathology.</p>","PeriodicalId":74402,"journal":{"name":"Pathologie (Heidelberg, Germany)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144152989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"[Oral squamous cell carcinoma and oral epithelial dysplasia : Pre- and postoperative diagnostics].","authors":"Jan Liese, Anne-Sophie Becker","doi":"10.1007/s00292-025-01435-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00292-025-01435-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Among non-cutaneous head and neck tumours, oral squamous cell carcinoma is one of the most common entities and is clinically characterized by functionally limiting therapies and a high recurrence rate. The majority of oral squamous cell carcinomas arise from potentially malignant diseases of the oral mucosa, which are often biopsied for preventive and diagnostic purposes. This article provides the histological criteria for grading oral epithelial dysplasia, with a scheme to help classify p53 staining and estimate prognosis. As oral cancer is still a morphologically defined entity, the histological subtypes and prognostic parameters that can be determined by light microscopy are presented. Future treatment approaches are outlined, which cannot be compared to other tumour entities due to the lack of therapeutically useful molecular alterations in oral squamous cell carcinoma.</p>","PeriodicalId":74402,"journal":{"name":"Pathologie (Heidelberg, Germany)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144163776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"[Udo Martin Helmchen : 12 February 1939-18 January 2025].","authors":"Andreas Erbersdobler","doi":"10.1007/s00292-025-01439-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00292-025-01439-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":74402,"journal":{"name":"Pathologie (Heidelberg, Germany)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144043788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"[Molecular pathology in non-small-cell lung cancer: current and emerging biomarkers].","authors":"Helen Pasternack, Jutta Kirfel","doi":"10.1007/s00292-025-01433-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00292-025-01433-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the classification of lung cancer, the basic division into small cell and non-small cell carcinomas continues to apply. Despite the same histological subtyping, it is known that there are defined genetic changes in the tumor cells that significantly determine tumor growth as \"drivers\", so that their blockade can significantly influence the clinical course. Thus, in the last 10 years, the treatment of lung cancer has been increasingly supplemented by the establishment of tumor-specific targeted drugs and immunomodulatory approaches. This development has led to increasingly differentiated and individualized approaches to treatment. Pathology and especially molecular pathological diagnostics play a central role here, as an increasing number of biomarkers must be examined.</p>","PeriodicalId":74402,"journal":{"name":"Pathologie (Heidelberg, Germany)","volume":" ","pages":"185-193"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12041048/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143775005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"[Colon polyps-nomenclature, histology, and molecular pathology].","authors":"Jens Neumann","doi":"10.1007/s00292-025-01438-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00292-025-01438-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Polyps are macroscopically visible protrusions of the mucosa in hollow organs. In the colon, epithelial neoplasms deriving from the mucosa dominate. These can be classified based on their morphology into classic and serrated adenomas and show different degrees of epithelial dysplasia. The histological subtypes show various molecular alterations and can be assigned to different pathways of carcinogenesis. These must be separated from hamartomatous polyps of the colon mucosa, which can occur sporadically or as part of hereditary syndromes.</p>","PeriodicalId":74402,"journal":{"name":"Pathologie (Heidelberg, Germany)","volume":"46 3","pages":"171-178"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144048078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"[Rare diseases: the tip of an iceberg].","authors":"Philipp Ströbel","doi":"10.1007/s00292-025-01427-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00292-025-01427-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":74402,"journal":{"name":"Pathologie (Heidelberg, Germany)","volume":"46 3","pages":"140-141"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144025970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Mitteilungen der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Pathologie.","authors":"","doi":"10.1007/s00292-025-01428-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00292-025-01428-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":74402,"journal":{"name":"Pathologie (Heidelberg, Germany)","volume":"46 3","pages":"194"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144054853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Argyris Papantonis, Stephan Rogalla, Christian Dullin, Frauke Alves, Hanibal Bohnenberger
{"title":"[New methods at the transition from research to routine diagnostics].","authors":"Argyris Papantonis, Stephan Rogalla, Christian Dullin, Frauke Alves, Hanibal Bohnenberger","doi":"10.1007/s00292-024-01412-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00292-024-01412-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Pathology, traditionally focused on classification and diagnosis, is continuously evolving through new technologies. Advances in proteomics, epigenetics, tissue staining, and 3D imaging expand the possibilities of classical morphology.</p><p><strong>Aim of the study: </strong>The aim of this study was to investigate how modern technologies can improve diagnostic accuracy and therapy selection and how they can be integrated into pathologic routine diagnostics.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Recent studies in proteomics, epigenetics, multiplex tissue staining, and 3D tissue imaging were analyzed to assess their application and the challenges of clinical implementation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The analysis shows significant potential for pathologic diagnostics. Proteomics provides a deeper understanding of the molecular architecture of tumors, while epigenetics and 3D genome architecture offer new insights into genetic regulation and tumor heterogeneity. Multiplex tissue staining and 3D tissue imaging improve spatial tissue analysis.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Despite the potential to improve diagnostics, high costs, technical complexity, and lack of standardization hinder integration into clinical practice. Nevertheless, these technologies offer promising approaches for optimizing diagnostics and therapy selection. Research and interdisciplinary collaboration are crucial to successfully integrating these innovations into routine clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":74402,"journal":{"name":"Pathologie (Heidelberg, Germany)","volume":" ","pages":"156-162"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143017530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alexander Marx, Philipp Ströbel, Felix Bremmer, Daniel Nettersheim, Niels J Rupp, Eva Wardelmann, Wolfgang Hartmann
{"title":"[Challenges in the research and diagnosis of rare diseases].","authors":"Alexander Marx, Philipp Ströbel, Felix Bremmer, Daniel Nettersheim, Niels J Rupp, Eva Wardelmann, Wolfgang Hartmann","doi":"10.1007/s00292-025-01426-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00292-025-01426-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Molecular methods have improved the diagnosis of many rare tumors but have also revealed their limitations. Gene fusions that originally appeared specific occur \"promiscuously\" in biologically distinct mesenchymal and epithelial tumors, underscoring the importance of integrated morphologic-molecular diagnostics. By contrast, similar tumor biology-which is difficult to prove in rare tumors-supports the concept of entity-defining gene fusions for a spectrum of morphologically diverse tumors. Still other rare tumors have no diagnostically or prognostically helpful molecular profile, and their rarity and lack of authentic tumor models are obstacles to the use of, for example, new single-cell-based molecular or AI-assisted morphological methods and preclinical functional analyses. These peculiarities of rare tumors are illustrated by thymic, testicular, salivary gland, and soft tissue neoplasms.</p>","PeriodicalId":74402,"journal":{"name":"Pathologie (Heidelberg, Germany)","volume":" ","pages":"142-151"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143775052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Frederick Klauschen, Jonas Dippel, Klaus-Robert Müller
{"title":"[Foundation models in pathology].","authors":"Frederick Klauschen, Jonas Dippel, Klaus-Robert Müller","doi":"10.1007/s00292-025-01429-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00292-025-01429-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Foundation models prepare neural networks for applications in specific domains, such as speech applications or image analysis, through self-supervised pretraining. These models can be adapted for specific applications, such as histopathological diagnostics. While adaptation still requires supervised training, AI applications based on foundation models achieve significantly better prediction accuracy with fewer training data compared to conventional approaches. This article introduces the topic and provides an overview of foundation models in pathology.</p>","PeriodicalId":74402,"journal":{"name":"Pathologie (Heidelberg, Germany)","volume":"46 3","pages":"152-155"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144051673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}