Oxygen (Basel, Switzerland)最新文献

{"title":"Higher Prevalence of Cognitive Impairment in Residents of High-Altitude Regions.","authors":"Margot Evelin Bernedo-Itusaca, Judith Marie Merma-Valero, Tatiana Milagros Cruz-Riquelme, Rocio Milagros Ccorimanya-Suni, Maria Emilia Pancaya-Flores, Zhenia Milagros Guevara-Mamani, Doris Chambi-Rodrigo, Mahely Adriana Coa-Coila, Wilma Apaza-Cansaya, Mirian Milagros Apaza-Quispe, Dante Elmer Hancco-Monrroy, Carlos Angel Loayza Coila, Alberto Salazar-Granara, Moua Yang, Ginés Viscor, Ivan Hancco Zirena","doi":"10.3390/oxygen6030016","DOIUrl":"10.3390/oxygen6030016","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>A major health issue in individuals living at high-altitude regions is an increase in the number of red blood cells (RBCs). This condition generates a series of physiological alterations including the nervous system, where damage can occur due to increased blood viscosity. This increased viscosity, in turn, could compromise oxygen uptake, potentially linked to a degree of cognitive impairment.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To determine the association between exposure to chronic hypoxia and sleep quality with the degree of cognitive impairment in a young adult population residing at different altitude levels.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted with 200 apparently healthy subjects (aged 21-26 years) permanently residing in four Peruvian cities: Lima (154 m), Arequipa (2335 m), Puno (3820 m), and La Rinconada (5100 m) (<i>n</i> = 50 per location). Physiological profiles (SpO₂, blood pressure, heart rate, hemoglobin, and hematocrit) were measured. Cognitive impairment and sleep quality were evaluated using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Sex-stratified hierarchical multiple linear regression models with bootstrapping were utilized for independent correlation analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Hemoglobin levels gradually increased with altitude, peaking at 19.47 ± 3.01 g/dL in La Rinconada, while SpO₂ decreased to 81.64%. Moderate-to-severe cognitive impairment was exclusively restricted to the extreme altitude population of La Rinconada, where only 10% of subjects remained unaffected. In the sex-stratified multivariate regression, residency in La Rinconada initially served as a robust negative predictor of MoCA scores among women (β = -5.52, <i>p</i> < 0.001); however, this geographical effect lost statistical significance after adjusting for biological variables in Model 2 (β = -4.72, <i>p</i> = 0.178). In the fully adjusted models, neither individual hemoglobin levels nor SpO₂ fluctuations displayed an independent linear association with cognitive performance in either sex (<i>p</i> > 0.05). Sleep quality was poor across cohorts but showed no significant association with cognitive impairment (<i>p</i> = 0.174).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Chronic exposure to severe hypoxia (>5000 m) is associated with a greater presence of cognitive impairment, which is largely accounted for by individual physiological adaptations rather than isolated, linear effects of independent hematological or subjective sleep parameters.</p>","PeriodicalId":74387,"journal":{"name":"Oxygen (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":"6 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13322277/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148371085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resting and Physical Activity Energy Expenditure Across an Altitudinal Gradient: An Adjusted Analysis.","authors":"Margot Evelin Bernedo-Itusaca, Shantal Cutipa-Tinta, Judith Marie Merma-Valero, Tatiana Milagros Cruz-Riquelme, Sintia Tatiana Flores-Coila, Mahely Adriana Coa-Coila, Claudia Alejandra Coriman-Cuentas, Mayra Anay Condori-Apaza, Ruth Karina Pérez-Flores, Rocío Del Rosario Ramos Allazo, Max Smith Abollaneda Amao, Alberto Alcibiades Salazar Granara, Kevin Pacheco-Barrios, Moua Yang, Ginés Viscor, Ivan Hancco Zirena","doi":"10.3390/oxygen6030019","DOIUrl":"10.3390/oxygen6030019","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Survival at high altitudes requires efficient energy management. Although hypobaric hypoxia alters thermodynamic efficiency, the independent impact of altitude versus demographic factors on basal and exertional caloric costs remains uncertain. We evaluated these variables in chronic residents across four Peruvian altitudes.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 141 healthy adults (aged 18-38 years) residing in Lima (154 m), Arequipa (2335 m), Puno (3827 m), and La Rinconada (5100 m). Resting energy expenditure (REE) and physical activity energy expenditure (PAEE) were estimated using continuous photoplethysmography; PAEE was assessed following the 6-min walk test (6MWT). Hemodynamic parameters, oxygen saturation (SpO₂), and hemoglobin (Hb) levels were evaluated. An analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was employed to adjust metabolic variations for age, sex, and body mass index (BMI).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Unadjusted data demonstrated a progressive increase in REE and PAEE proportional to altitude. However, the ANCOVA revealed that the independent effect of the city of residence was no longer statistically significant after adjusting for anthropometric and demographic covariates. Physiologically, the SpO₂ deficit imposed a high metabolic demand (an increase of approximately 1.29 kcal in REE for every 1% drop in SpO₂). Hb concentrations above 18 g/dL were associated with an exponential increase in caloric cost driven by blood hyperviscosity. A positive correlation was identified between Hb levels and energy expenditure (EE), which proved to be statistically stronger in the female cohort. Under extreme hypoxia conditions (5100 m), men exhibited a significantly higher PAEE (50.60 ± 10.17 kcal vs. 40.78 ± 5.21 kcal). Despite the increased biological effort, mechanical performance in the 6MWT remained constant across cities.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>There is no independent relationship between REE and the altitude of residence. The initial unadjusted relationship between altitude and EE was negated by covariates, particularly body mass index (BMI). The preservation of functional capacity at the expense of the energy economy underscores the profound physiological burden of Andean acclimatization.</p>","PeriodicalId":74387,"journal":{"name":"Oxygen (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":"6 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13384521/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148610929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"HIF-1α Signaling in Uterine Fibroids: A Central Integrator of Hypoxic, Hormonal, and Fibrotic Pathways.","authors":"Sruthi Tatavarthi, Valentina Vanos, Abigail Lepsch Combs, Alvina Pan, Mahita Saini, Mostafa A Borahay","doi":"10.3390/oxygen6020009","DOIUrl":"10.3390/oxygen6020009","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Uterine fibroids (leiomyomas) are common benign smooth muscle tumors that impose substantial symptom burden and healthcare costs worldwide. Although uterine fibroid (leiomyoma) pathogenesis is multifactorial, hypoxia has emerged as a key feature of the uterine fibroid (leiomyoma) microenvironment, particularly within poorly perfused tumor cores. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) is a central transcriptional regulator of cellular adaptation to low oxygen and coordinates downstream programs that support angiogenesis, metabolic reprogramming, cell survival, and extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling. In uterine fibroids (leiomyomas), these HIF-1α-dependent processes intersect with steroid hormone signaling, growth factor pathways, inflammatory mediators, and redox imbalance, together promoting tumor persistence and progressive fibrosis. This review synthesizes the molecular regulation of HIF-1α, highlights major HIF-linked effector pathways relevant to uterine fibroid (leiomyoma) biology, and emphasizes mechanistic crosstalk with estrogen- and progesterone-responsive signaling, TGF-β/SMAD-driven fibrosis, NF-κB-mediated inflammation, and metabolic checkpoint pathways including mTOR and AMPK. Finally, we evaluate emerging therapeutic strategies that target HIF-1α directly or indirectly through upstream regulators.</p>","PeriodicalId":74387,"journal":{"name":"Oxygen (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":"6 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13197049/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148019103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physical Activity and Pain Perception in Residents Under Conditions of Chronic Hypoxia.","authors":"Margot Evelin Bernedo-Itusaca, Kely Melina Vilca-Coaquira, Ángel Gabriel Calisaya-Huacasi, Madeleyne Rosmery Cosi-Cupi, Stanley Rivaldo Leqque-Santi, Shantal Cutipa-Tinta, Alberto Salazar-Granara, Yony Martin-Pino Vanegas, Alcides Flores-Paredes, Shihui Guo, William Li, Moua Yang, Ginés Viscor, Ivan Hancco Zirena","doi":"10.3390/oxygen5030011","DOIUrl":"10.3390/oxygen5030011","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>(1)Previous studies indicate that individuals who engage in regular physical activity have a higher pain threshold than those who do not exercise. However, it remains unclear how this phenomenon behaves in individuals exposed to chronic hypoxia. This study evaluates pain perception at high altitude between high-altitude natives who exercised regularly and those who did not practice physical activity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>(2)Eighty-four healthy volunteers aged 20 to 30 years old with a body mass index (BMI) within the normal range (18.5-24.9) residing in the city of Puno (3825 m) were recruited. The unilateral ischemia pain provocation test was used, applying pressure with a manual sphygmomanometer to generate transient ischemia in the arm while the patient opens and closes their hand. Onset, peak, and resolution times of pain, heart rate, and oxygen saturation were recorded.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>(3)The average time to pain onset in the right arm was 30.2 s ± 14.1 during light physical activity, whereas, during moderate physical activity, it increased to 32.5 s ± 15.4. In the left arm, the average time until pain sensation was 27.9 s ± 16.8 during light physical activity and increased to 34.6 s ± 18.5 with moderate physical activity. Regarding the progression of pain intensity, the average time to reach unbearable pain in the right arm was 54.1 s ± 16.4 during light physical activity and 53.8 s ± 19.6 during moderate physical activity; in the left arm, it was 53.0 s ± 19.6 during light physical activity, increasing to 59.3 s ± 24.5 during moderate physical activity.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>(4)A more stable and slightly higher pain tolerance in the dominant arm was observed.</p>","PeriodicalId":74387,"journal":{"name":"Oxygen (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":"5 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12254002/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144627939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pain Perception Threshold in Young High-Altitude Natives After Acute Exposure to Severe Hypoxic Conditions.","authors":"Kely Melina Vilca-Coaquira, Angel Gabriel Calisaya-Huacasi, Jeancarlo Tejada-Flores, Henry Oscar Tintaya-Ramos, Mariela Mercedes Quispe-Trujillo, Solanyela Anny Quispe-Humpiri, Rossela Alejandra Rojas-Chambilla, Gilberto Félix Peña-Vicuña, Alberto Salazar Granara, Luis F Lens Sardón, Alcides Flores-Paredes, Moua Yang, Ginés Viscor, Ivan Hancco Zirena","doi":"10.3390/oxygen5010001","DOIUrl":"10.3390/oxygen5010001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Previous studies indicate that individuals at high altitudes have a lower pain threshold than those living at sea level. This study evaluates the differences in pain perception among young people living at an altitude of 3800 m and after acute exposure to a severe hypoxic environment at more than 5100 m. Fourteen people (BMI of 22.6 ± 1.2 and age of 23.3 ± 1.9 years) residing in the city of Puno (3825 m) participated in an ascent to the Populated Center of La Rinconada (>5100 m). The unilateral ischemia pain provocation test was used, applying pressure with a manual sphygmomanometer to generate transient ischemia in the arm while the patient opens and closes their hand. Onset, peak, and resolution times of pain, heart rate, and oxygen saturation were recorded. At their residence altitude of 3828 m, the mean hemoglobin was 16.16 ± 2.29, while at 5100 m, mean hemoglobin increased to 17.57 ± 1.74. The average time to pain onset in the right arm was 30.43 s ± 14.15 at 3828 m, whereas at 5100 m above sea level, the pain perception was at 31.00 s ± 19.01. At 3828 m, the average time until pain sensation in the left arm was 19.93 s ± 9.44 and increased to 23.07 s ± 10.83 at 5100 m. During exposure to a severe hypoxic environment, the pain perception threshold was similar between 3828 m and 5100 m above sea level.</p>","PeriodicalId":74387,"journal":{"name":"Oxygen (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11759491/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143048757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hypoxia in uterine fibroids: role in pathobiology and therapeutic opportunities.","authors":"Sydney L Olson, Razeen J Akbar, Adrianna Gorniak, Laura I Fuhr, Mostafa A Borahay","doi":"10.3390/oxygen4020013","DOIUrl":"10.3390/oxygen4020013","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Uterine fibroids are the most common tumors in females affecting up to 70% of women world-wide, yet targeted therapeutic options are limited. Oxidative stress has recently surfaced as a key driver of fibroid pathogenesis and provides insights into hypoxia-induced cell transformation, extracellular matrix pathophysiology, hypoxic cell signaling cascades, and uterine biology. Hypoxia drives fibroid tumorigenesis through (1) promoting myometrial stem cell proliferation, (2) causing DNA damage propelling transformation of stem cells to tumor initiating cells, and (3) driving excess extracellular matrix (ECM) production. Common fibroid-associated DNA mutations include MED12 mutations, HMGA2 overexpression, and Fumarate hydratase loss of function. Evidence suggests an interaction between hypoxia signaling and these mutations. Fibroid development and growth are promoted by hypoxia-triggered cell signaling via various pathways including HIF-1, TGFβ, and Wnt/β-catenin. Fibroid-associated hypoxia persists due to antioxidant imbalance, ECM accumulation, and growth beyond adequate vascular supply. Current clinically available fibroid treatments do not take advantage of hypoxia-targeting therapies. Growing pre-clinical and clinical studies identify ROS inhibitors, anti-HIF-1 agents, Wnt/β-catenin inhibition, and TGFβ cascade inhibitors as agents that may reduce fibroid development and growth through targeting hypoxia.</p>","PeriodicalId":74387,"journal":{"name":"Oxygen (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":"4 2","pages":"236-252"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11218552/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141494487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Nanocarrier-Based Treatments in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)","authors":"Kiyoshi Sato, Hiroyoshi Kawakami","doi":"10.3390/oxygen3040026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/oxygen3040026","url":null,"abstract":"Mitochondrial dysfunction significantly contributes to the pathogenesis and progression of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). To treat mitochondrial dysfunction in COPD, novel drug delivery systems (DDS) are needed. In this review, we provide a brief overview of the current understanding of the factors in COPD and highlight the trends in novel nanocarriers/nanoparticles for targeting mitochondrial dysfunction. These drug-encapsulated nanoparticles are still in the early stages of clinical application but represent the most promising system for COPD therapy.","PeriodicalId":74387,"journal":{"name":"Oxygen (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":"69 24","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134900894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Influence of the Atmospheric Electric Field on Soil Redox Potential","authors":"Konstantinos Kourtidis, Michel Vorenhout","doi":"10.3390/oxygen3040025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/oxygen3040025","url":null,"abstract":"Atmospheric electric fields (AEFs) have recently been proposed to link to biogeochemical processes below the Earth’s surface by means of a charge separation. Despite the potential importance of such a process, up to now we almost completely lack the relevant measurements. Here, we extend the database with 2 months of concurrent soil redox and atmospheric electric field measurements. It appears that the changes that occur in the order of days in soil redox are at periods anticorrelated with the logarithm of the positive values of the AEF. However, weather conditions might be driving the anticorrelation rather than a direct link, as the synoptic weather conditions appear to influence soil redox. Soil redox does not respond to changes in the AEF that are of shorter duration, either minutes or several hours, except in some cases of very negative AEFs or very high field strengths in the presence of moderate rainfall. In such a case, the variation in soil redox could be associated with a mechanism that transfers charge to the ground or brings ions towards the ground’s surface. To reach firmer conclusions on the effect of the AEF on soil redox, we need to extend the range of collocated soil redox and AEF measurements so that they cover at least one year.","PeriodicalId":74387,"journal":{"name":"Oxygen (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135730341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Kelch/Nrf2 Antioxidant System as a Target for Some Marine Fungal Metabolites","authors":"Ekaterina A. Yurchenko, Olga O. Khmel, Liliana E. Nesterenko, Dmitry L. Aminin","doi":"10.3390/oxygen3040024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/oxygen3040024","url":null,"abstract":"Marine fungal metabolites often exhibit antioxidant activity, but their effects on the Keap1/Nrf2 cellular system are rarely studied, possibly due to insufficient isolated amounts. In this work, we used a bioinformatics approach to evaluate the ability of some promising cytoprotective compounds to bind Kelch domain of Keap1 protein, and thus inhibit its interaction with Nrf2. The molecular docking data suggested that gliorosein, niveoglaucin A, 6-hydroxy-N-acetyl-β-oxotryptamine, 4-hydroxyscytalone and 4-hydroxy-6-dehydroxyscytalone can form the hydrogen building with Arg415 or Arg483 amino acid residues of P1-P2 sub-pockets in the Nrf2 binding site of Keap1′s Kelch domain. These positions of the small molecules in the Kelch domain of Keap1 can inhibit the interaction of Keap1 with Nrf2 and enhance the nuclear translocation of Nrf2 from cytosol that can result in overexpression of relative genes. This assumption, based on virtual screening of a number of low molecular weight metabolites of marine fungi, makes them promising for further studies.","PeriodicalId":74387,"journal":{"name":"Oxygen (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":"46 8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135386723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the Impact of Training Methods on Repeated Sprints in Hypoxia Training Effects","authors":"Daniel Rojas-Valverde, Aldo A. Vasquez-Bonilla, Rafael Timón, Joan M. Feliu-Ilvonen, Ismael Martínez-Guardado, Guillermo Olcina","doi":"10.3390/oxygen3030023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/oxygen3030023","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Emerging evidence suggests that the outcomes of hypoxia training may be influenced by various factors, contingent upon the chosen method, such as chamber, tent, or mask. This study aimed to examine how different training methods influence the effects of Repeated Sprints in Hypoxia (RSH) training. Methods: Sixteen well-trained cyclists were divided into two groups, experimental (tent; n = 8) and control (mask; n = 8), and carried out eight RSH sessions for four weeks. Training sessions consisted of three bouts of high-intensity sprints using a cycle ergometer. The indoor ambient conditions (CO2, temperature, and humidity), performance variables (power and relative power output), arterial oxygen saturation, local muscle oxygen of vastus lateralis, heart rate, core temperature, and physiological variables (perception of effort) were measured in each training session. Results: The experimental group reported significantly higher CO2 (p < 0.001 ES = 0.784), humidity levels (p < 0.001 ES = 0.750), thermal discomfort (p = 0.003 ES = 0.266), dehydration (p 0.025 ES = 0.097), heart rate (p = 0.017 ES = 0.113), and lower muscle oxygen amplification (p = 0.002 ES = 0.181) than the control group. Conclusion: According to the responses observed, interval training performed under hypoxic conditions inside a chamber induces a more severe physiological response.","PeriodicalId":74387,"journal":{"name":"Oxygen (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136362212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}