Oxford open immunology最新文献_第3页

Post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection in health care workers from South Africa 南非医护人员感染 SARS-CoV-2 后的急性后遗症

Oxford open immunology Pub Date : 2024-03-09 DOI: 10.1093/oxfimm/iqae001

Sthembile Mbotwe-Sibanda, G. Kwatra, S. Madhi, Marta C. Nunes

{"title":"Post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection in health care workers from South Africa","authors":"Sthembile Mbotwe-Sibanda, G. Kwatra, S. Madhi, Marta C. Nunes","doi":"10.1093/oxfimm/iqae001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfimm/iqae001","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Health care workers (HCWs) are primary health providers therefore ensuring their protection and recovery from Covid-19 is of high interest. We investigated post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC) in HCWs who had previously been infected with SARS-CoV-2. Overall, 68 HCWs were classified as PASC according to duration in days of persisting symptoms. The 68 HCWs with PASC were split into two groups according to their mean duration of symptoms which were (8 PASC) 122 and (60 PASC) 641 days. The frequencies of common symptoms reported by HWCs with PASC were continuous headaches (45), mild cough (41), fatigue (37), myalgia (25) and shortness of breath (14). When Using the Medical Research Council (MRC) Dyspnoea Scale to examine the degree of breathlessness in relations to activity in the 68 out of the 104 HCWs with PASC we found that 4 (5.9%) reported having difficulty breathing after strenuous exercise, 19 (27.9%) were identified with shortness of breath when walking fast or when walking up a slight hill, 2 (3.0%) reported walking slower than most people on level or stopping after 15 minutes walking at own pace, 1 (1.5%) reported stopping to breath after walking 91 meters, or after a few minutes on level ground and 1 (1.5%) reported being too breathless to leave the house, or breathless when dressing/undressing. Our results highlight concern for HCWs with long-term persisting symptoms which may negatively impact their health this represents an emerging public health priority. HCWs with prolonged Covid-19 symptoms especially breathing difficulties need better diagnostic tests and treatments.","PeriodicalId":74384,"journal":{"name":"Oxford open immunology","volume":"146 S282","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140256634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Malaria and tuberculosis co-infection-a review. 疟疾与肺结核合并感染综述。

Oxford open immunology Pub Date : 2023-11-15 eCollection Date: 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1093/oxfimm/iqad008

Else M Bijker, Sanjay Deshpande, Padmini Salgame, Rinn Song

{"title":"Malaria and tuberculosis co-infection-a review.","authors":"Else M Bijker, Sanjay Deshpande, Padmini Salgame, Rinn Song","doi":"10.1093/oxfimm/iqad008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfimm/iqad008","url":null,"abstract":"Malaria and tuberculosis remain highly prevalent infectious diseases and continue to cause significant burden worldwide. Endemic regions largely overlap, and co-infections are expected to occur frequently. Surprisingly, malaria-tuberculosis co-infection is relatively understudied. Malaria has long been known to have immunomodulatory effects, for example resulting in reduced vaccination responses against some pathogens, and it is conceivable that this also plays a role if co-infection occurs. Data from animal studies indeed suggest clinically important effects of malaria-tuberculosis co-infection on the immune responses with potential consequences for the pathophysiology and clinical course of both infections. Specifically, rodent studies consistently show reduced control of mycobacteria during malaria infection. Although the underlying immunological mechanisms largely remain unclear, an altered balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory responses may play a role. Some observations in humans also support the hypothesis that malaria infection skews the immune responses against tuberculosis, but data are limited. Further research is needed to unravel the underlying immunological mechanisms and delineate possible implications of malaria-tuberculosis co-infection for clinical practice.","PeriodicalId":74384,"journal":{"name":"Oxford open immunology","volume":"4 1","pages":"iqad008"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10681873/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138813565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A targeted approach to vaccine hesitancy 针对疫苗犹豫的针对性方法

Oxford open immunology Pub Date : 2023-10-28 DOI: 10.1093/oxfimm/iqad007

Meredith Leston, Simon de Lusignan, F D Richard Hobbs

{"title":"A targeted approach to vaccine hesitancy","authors":"Meredith Leston, Simon de Lusignan, F D Richard Hobbs","doi":"10.1093/oxfimm/iqad007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfimm/iqad007","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This short communication makes the case for targeted vaccine research when attempting to counter hesitancy, especially amongst vulnerable or rarefied patient groups. Far from disincentivising vaccination, the freedom to research and publicise the limitations of these technologies for certain groups and personalising dosing, pacing, adjuvants, and time-sensitive alternatives in response is essential for optimising health outcomes while neutralising the vaccine research landscape itself. Vaccine evangelism only arouses suspicion when it is not tempered by rigorous research into differential vaccine benefit-risk in this way. That said, the long-standing politicisation of vaccination – a topic vulnerable to misinterpretation and media sensationalism – along with the commercial incentives associated with universal adoption makes more comparative and critical research difficult to fund and promote in practice. Likewise, a prescriptive approach to vaccination does little to address the issues of vaccine inequality that contribute to both hesitancy and conspiracy globally and will likely prove financially prohibitive in certain markets. These obstacles are not insurmountable, however, provided that comparative research is centrally subsidised, regulations ensure that vaccine development trials explore differentiated outcomes, especially amongst high-risk or rare groups, and findings are used to prioritise global vaccine allocation to those that stand to benefit most from them.","PeriodicalId":74384,"journal":{"name":"Oxford open immunology","volume":"37 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136232845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The current state and future of T-cell exhaustion research. t细胞耗竭研究的现状与未来。

Oxford open immunology Pub Date : 2023-07-08 eCollection Date: 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1093/oxfimm/iqad006

Edward Jenkins, Toby Whitehead, Martin Fellermeyer, Simon J Davis, Sumana Sharma

{"title":"The current state and future of T-cell exhaustion research.","authors":"Edward Jenkins, Toby Whitehead, Martin Fellermeyer, Simon J Davis, Sumana Sharma","doi":"10.1093/oxfimm/iqad006","DOIUrl":"10.1093/oxfimm/iqad006","url":null,"abstract":"'Exhaustion' is a term used to describe a state of native and redirected T-cell hypo-responsiveness resulting from persistent antigen exposure during chronic viral infections or cancer. Although a well-established phenotype across mice and humans, exhaustion at the molecular level remains poorly defined and inconsistent across the literature. This is, in part, due to an overreliance on surface receptors to define these cells and explain exhaustive behaviours, an incomplete understanding of how exhaustion arises, and a lack of clarity over whether exhaustion is the same across contexts, e.g. chronic viral infections versus cancer. With the development of systems-based genetic approaches such as single-cell RNA-seq and CRISPR screens applied to in vivo data, we are moving closer to a consensus view of exhaustion, although understanding how it arises remains challenging given the difficulty in manipulating the in vivo setting. Accordingly, producing and studying exhausted T-cells ex vivo are burgeoning, allowing experiments to be conducted at scale up and with high throughput. Here, we first review what is currently known about T-cell exhaustion and how it's being studied. We then discuss how improvements in their method of isolation/production and examining the impact of different microenvironmental signals and cell interactions have now become an active area of research. Finally, we discuss what the future holds for the analysis of this physiological condition and, given the diversity of ways in which exhausted cells are now being generated, propose the adoption of a unified approach to clearly defining exhaustion using a set of metabolic-, epigenetic-, transcriptional-, and activation-based phenotypic markers, that we call 'M.E.T.A'.","PeriodicalId":74384,"journal":{"name":"Oxford open immunology","volume":"4 1","pages":"iqad006"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10352049/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9956744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Endogenous antibody responses in REGN-COV2-treated SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals. 经 REGN-COV2 处理的 SARS-CoV-2 感染者的内源性抗体反应。

Oxford open immunology Pub Date : 2023-01-06 eCollection Date: 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1093/oxfimm/iqac012

Ashwini Kurshan, Luke B Snell, Lucie Prior, Jerry C H Tam, Carl Graham, Rajeni Thangarajah, Jonathan D Edgeworth, Gaia Nebbia, Katie J Doores

{"title":"Endogenous antibody responses in REGN-COV2-treated SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals.","authors":"Ashwini Kurshan, Luke B Snell, Lucie Prior, Jerry C H Tam, Carl Graham, Rajeni Thangarajah, Jonathan D Edgeworth, Gaia Nebbia, Katie J Doores","doi":"10.1093/oxfimm/iqac012","DOIUrl":"10.1093/oxfimm/iqac012","url":null,"abstract":"Neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) targeting severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Spike glycoprotein have been developed for the treatment of COVID-19. Whilst antibody therapy has been shown to reduce the risk of COVID-19-associated hospitalization and death, there is limited understanding of the endogenous immunity to SARS-CoV-2 generated in mAb-treated patients and therefore ongoing susceptibility to future infections. Here we measure the endogenous antibody response in SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals treated with REGN-COV2 (Ronapreve). We show that in the majority of unvaccinated, delta-infected REGN-COV2-treated individuals, an endogenous antibody response is generated, but, like untreated, delta-infected individuals, there was a limited neutralization breadth. However, some vaccinated individuals who were seronegative at SARS-CoV-2 infection baseline and some unvaccinated individuals failed to produce an endogenous immune response following infection and REGN-COV2 treatment demonstrating the importance of mAb therapy in some patient populations.","PeriodicalId":74384,"journal":{"name":"Oxford open immunology","volume":"4 1","pages":"iqac012"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9914479/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9280297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The ageing immune system as a potential target of senolytics. 衰老的免疫系统是抗衰老的潜在靶点。

Oxford open immunology Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1093/oxfimm/iqad004

Peter Yandi Du, Ankesh Gandhi, Manraj Bawa, Justyna Gromala

{"title":"The ageing immune system as a potential target of senolytics.","authors":"Peter Yandi Du, Ankesh Gandhi, Manraj Bawa, Justyna Gromala","doi":"10.1093/oxfimm/iqad004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfimm/iqad004","url":null,"abstract":"Ageing leads to a sharp decline in immune function, precipitating the development of inflammatory conditions. The combined impact of these processes renders older individuals at greater risk of inflammatory and immune-related diseases, such as cancer and infections. This is compounded by reduced efficacy in interventions aiming to limit disease impact, for instance vaccines being less effective in elderly populations. This state of diminished cellular function is driven by cellular senescence, a process where cells undergo stable growth arrest following exposure to stressful stimuli, and the associated pro-inflammatory secretory phenotype. Removing harmful senescent cells (SnCs) using senolytic therapies is an emerging field holding promise for patient benefit. Current senolytics have been developed either to specifically target SnCs, or repurposed from cancer therapies or vaccination protocols. Herein, we discuss recent developments in senolytic therapies, focusing on how senolytics could be used to combat the age-associated diminution of the immune system. In particular, exploring how these drugs may be used to promote immunity in the elderly, and highlighting recent trials of senolytics in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and diabetic kidney disease. Novel immunotherapeutic approaches including chimeric antigen receptor T-cells or monoclonal antibodies targeting SnCs are being investigated to combat the shortcomings of current senolytics and their adverse effects. The flexible nature of senolytic treatment modalities and their efficacy in safely removing harmful SnCs could have great potential to promote healthy immune function in ageing populations.","PeriodicalId":74384,"journal":{"name":"Oxford open immunology","volume":"4 1","pages":"iqad004"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10191675/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9551425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Autoimmunity in Long Covid and POTS. 长Covid和POTS的自身免疫。

Oxford open immunology Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1093/oxfimm/iqad002

Fatema-Zahra El-Rhermoul, Artur Fedorowski, Philip Eardley, Patricia Taraborrelli, Dimitrios Panagopoulos, Richard Sutton, Phang Boon Lim, Melanie Dani

引用次数: 5

Achieving symptom relief in patients with myalgic encephalomyelitis by targeting the neuro-immune interface and optimizing disease tolerance. 通过靶向神经免疫界面和优化疾病耐受性实现肌痛性脑脊髓炎患者的症状缓解。

Oxford open immunology Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1093/oxfimm/iqad003

Lucie Rodriguez, Christian Pou, Tadepally Lakshmikanth, Jingdian Zhang, Constantin Habimana Mugabo, Jun Wang, Jaromir Mikes, Axel Olin, Yang Chen, Joanna Rorbach, Jan-Erik Juto, Tie Qiang Li, Per Julin, Petter Brodin

{"title":"Achieving symptom relief in patients with myalgic encephalomyelitis by targeting the neuro-immune interface and optimizing disease tolerance.","authors":"Lucie Rodriguez, Christian Pou, Tadepally Lakshmikanth, Jingdian Zhang, Constantin Habimana Mugabo, Jun Wang, Jaromir Mikes, Axel Olin, Yang Chen, Joanna Rorbach, Jan-Erik Juto, Tie Qiang Li, Per Julin, Petter Brodin","doi":"10.1093/oxfimm/iqad003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfimm/iqad003","url":null,"abstract":"Myalgic encephalomyelitis (ME) previously also known as chronic fatigue syndrome is a heterogeneous, debilitating syndrome of unknown etiology responsible for long-lasting disability in millions of patients worldwide. The most well-known symptom of ME is post-exertional malaise, but many patients also experience autonomic dysregulation, cranial nerve dysfunction and signs of immune system activation. Many patients also report a sudden onset of disease following an infection. The brainstem is a suspected focal point in ME pathogenesis and patients with structural impairment to the brainstem often show ME-like symptoms. The brainstem is also where the vagus nerve originates, a critical neuro-immune interface and mediator of the inflammatory reflex which regulate systemic inflammation. Here, we report the results of a randomized, placebo-controlled trial using intranasal mechanical stimulation targeting nerve endings in the nasal cavity, likely from the trigeminal nerve, possibly activating additional centers in the brainstem of ME patients and correlating with a ∼30% reduction in overall symptom scores after 8 weeks of treatment. By performing longitudinal, systems-level monitoring of the blood immune system in these patients, we uncover signs of chronic immune activation in ME, as well as immunological correlates of improvement that center around gut-homing immune cells and reduced inflammation. The mechanisms of symptom relief remain to be determined, but transcriptional analyses suggest an upregulation of disease tolerance mechanisms. We believe that these results are suggestive of ME as a condition explained by a maladaptive disease tolerance response following infection.","PeriodicalId":74384,"journal":{"name":"Oxford open immunology","volume":"4 1","pages":"iqad003"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10148714/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9924307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

A cellular overview of immunometabolism in systemic lupus erythematosus. 系统性红斑狼疮免疫代谢的细胞综述。

Oxford open immunology Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1093/oxfimm/iqad005

Antonios Psarras, Alexander Clarke

{"title":"A cellular overview of immunometabolism in systemic lupus erythematosus.","authors":"Antonios Psarras, Alexander Clarke","doi":"10.1093/oxfimm/iqad005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfimm/iqad005","url":null,"abstract":"Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex autoimmune disease, characterized by a breakdown of immune tolerance and the development of autoantibodies against nucleic self-antigens. Immunometabolism is a rapidly expanding scientific field investigating the metabolic programming of cells of the immune system. During the normal immune response, extensive reprogramming of cellular metabolism occurs, both to generate adenosine triphosphate and facilitate protein synthesis, and also to manage cellular stress. Major pathways upregulated include glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation, the tricarboxylic acid cycle and the pentose phosphate pathway, among others. Metabolic reprogramming also occurs to aid resolution of inflammation. Immune cells of both patients with SLE and lupus-prone mice are characterized by metabolic abnormalities resulting in an altered functional and inflammatory state. Recent studies have described how metabolic reprogramming occurs in many cell populations in SLE, particularly CD4+ T cells, e.g. favouring a glycolytic profile by overactivation of the mechanistic target of rapamycin pathway. These advances have led to an increased understanding of the metabolic changes affecting the inflammatory profile of T and B cells, monocytes, dendritic cells and neutrophils, and how they contribute to autoimmunity and SLE pathogenesis. In the current review, we aim to summarize recent advances in the field of immunometabolism involved in SLE and how these could potentially lead to new therapeutic strategies in the future.","PeriodicalId":74384,"journal":{"name":"Oxford open immunology","volume":"4 1","pages":"iqad005"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10264559/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9956748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Combating the challenges of COVID-19 pandemic: Insights into molecular mechanisms, immune responses and therapeutics against SARS-CoV-2. 应对COVID-19大流行的挑战:洞察SARS-CoV-2的分子机制、免疫反应和治疗方法。

Oxford open immunology Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1093/oxfimm/iqad001

Kriti Negi, Meetu Agarwal, Isha Pahuja, Bhavya Bhardwaj, Mansi Rawat, Ashima Bhaskar, Ved Prakash Dwivedi

{"title":"Combating the challenges of COVID-19 pandemic: Insights into molecular mechanisms, immune responses and therapeutics against SARS-CoV-2.","authors":"Kriti Negi, Meetu Agarwal, Isha Pahuja, Bhavya Bhardwaj, Mansi Rawat, Ashima Bhaskar, Ved Prakash Dwivedi","doi":"10.1093/oxfimm/iqad001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfimm/iqad001","url":null,"abstract":"Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection causes lethal coronavirus disease (COVID-19). SARS-CoV-2 has been the chief source of threat to public health and safety from 2019 to the present. SARS-CoV-2 caused a sudden and significant rise in hospitalization due to respiratory issues and pneumonia. We are consistently uncovering new information about SARS-CoV-2, and yet so much is to explore to implement efficient interventions to combat the emergent variants and spread of the ongoing pandemic. Information regarding the existing COVID-19 pandemic is streamlining continuously. However, clinical symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 infections spanning from asymptomatic infection to severe death-instigating disease remain consistent with preliminary reports. In this review, we have briefly introduced highlights of the COVID-19 pandemic and features of SARS-CoV-2. We have focused on current knowledge of innate and adaptive immune responses during SARS-CoV-2 infections and persisting clinical features of recovered patients. Furthermore, we have discussed how these immune responses are not tightly regulated and imbalance can direct the latter phases of COVID-19, long-COVID symptoms, and cause detrimental immunopathogenesis. COVID-19 vaccines are also discussed in detail to describe the efforts going around the world to control and prevent the infection. Overall, we have summarized the current knowledge on the immunology of SARS-CoV-2 infection and the utilization of that knowledge in the development of a suitable COVID-19 therapeutics and vaccines.","PeriodicalId":74384,"journal":{"name":"Oxford open immunology","volume":"4 1","pages":"iqad001"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9985161/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9305129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3