Oxford open immunology最新文献_第3页

A targeted approach to vaccine hesitancy 针对疫苗犹豫的针对性方法

Oxford open immunology Pub Date : 2023-10-28 DOI: 10.1093/oxfimm/iqad007

Meredith Leston, Simon de Lusignan, F D Richard Hobbs

{"title":"A targeted approach to vaccine hesitancy","authors":"Meredith Leston, Simon de Lusignan, F D Richard Hobbs","doi":"10.1093/oxfimm/iqad007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfimm/iqad007","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This short communication makes the case for targeted vaccine research when attempting to counter hesitancy, especially amongst vulnerable or rarefied patient groups. Far from disincentivising vaccination, the freedom to research and publicise the limitations of these technologies for certain groups and personalising dosing, pacing, adjuvants, and time-sensitive alternatives in response is essential for optimising health outcomes while neutralising the vaccine research landscape itself. Vaccine evangelism only arouses suspicion when it is not tempered by rigorous research into differential vaccine benefit-risk in this way. That said, the long-standing politicisation of vaccination – a topic vulnerable to misinterpretation and media sensationalism – along with the commercial incentives associated with universal adoption makes more comparative and critical research difficult to fund and promote in practice. Likewise, a prescriptive approach to vaccination does little to address the issues of vaccine inequality that contribute to both hesitancy and conspiracy globally and will likely prove financially prohibitive in certain markets. These obstacles are not insurmountable, however, provided that comparative research is centrally subsidised, regulations ensure that vaccine development trials explore differentiated outcomes, especially amongst high-risk or rare groups, and findings are used to prioritise global vaccine allocation to those that stand to benefit most from them.","PeriodicalId":74384,"journal":{"name":"Oxford open immunology","volume":"37 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136232845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The current state and future of T-cell exhaustion research. t细胞耗竭研究的现状与未来。

Oxford open immunology Pub Date : 2023-07-08 eCollection Date: 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1093/oxfimm/iqad006

Edward Jenkins, Toby Whitehead, Martin Fellermeyer, Simon J Davis, Sumana Sharma

{"title":"The current state and future of T-cell exhaustion research.","authors":"Edward Jenkins, Toby Whitehead, Martin Fellermeyer, Simon J Davis, Sumana Sharma","doi":"10.1093/oxfimm/iqad006","DOIUrl":"10.1093/oxfimm/iqad006","url":null,"abstract":"'Exhaustion' is a term used to describe a state of native and redirected T-cell hypo-responsiveness resulting from persistent antigen exposure during chronic viral infections or cancer. Although a well-established phenotype across mice and humans, exhaustion at the molecular level remains poorly defined and inconsistent across the literature. This is, in part, due to an overreliance on surface receptors to define these cells and explain exhaustive behaviours, an incomplete understanding of how exhaustion arises, and a lack of clarity over whether exhaustion is the same across contexts, e.g. chronic viral infections versus cancer. With the development of systems-based genetic approaches such as single-cell RNA-seq and CRISPR screens applied to in vivo data, we are moving closer to a consensus view of exhaustion, although understanding how it arises remains challenging given the difficulty in manipulating the in vivo setting. Accordingly, producing and studying exhausted T-cells ex vivo are burgeoning, allowing experiments to be conducted at scale up and with high throughput. Here, we first review what is currently known about T-cell exhaustion and how it's being studied. We then discuss how improvements in their method of isolation/production and examining the impact of different microenvironmental signals and cell interactions have now become an active area of research. Finally, we discuss what the future holds for the analysis of this physiological condition and, given the diversity of ways in which exhausted cells are now being generated, propose the adoption of a unified approach to clearly defining exhaustion using a set of metabolic-, epigenetic-, transcriptional-, and activation-based phenotypic markers, that we call 'M.E.T.A'.","PeriodicalId":74384,"journal":{"name":"Oxford open immunology","volume":"4 1","pages":"iqad006"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10352049/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9956744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Endogenous antibody responses in REGN-COV2-treated SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals. 经 REGN-COV2 处理的 SARS-CoV-2 感染者的内源性抗体反应。

Oxford open immunology Pub Date : 2023-01-06 eCollection Date: 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1093/oxfimm/iqac012

Ashwini Kurshan, Luke B Snell, Lucie Prior, Jerry C H Tam, Carl Graham, Rajeni Thangarajah, Jonathan D Edgeworth, Gaia Nebbia, Katie J Doores

{"title":"Endogenous antibody responses in REGN-COV2-treated SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals.","authors":"Ashwini Kurshan, Luke B Snell, Lucie Prior, Jerry C H Tam, Carl Graham, Rajeni Thangarajah, Jonathan D Edgeworth, Gaia Nebbia, Katie J Doores","doi":"10.1093/oxfimm/iqac012","DOIUrl":"10.1093/oxfimm/iqac012","url":null,"abstract":"Neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) targeting severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Spike glycoprotein have been developed for the treatment of COVID-19. Whilst antibody therapy has been shown to reduce the risk of COVID-19-associated hospitalization and death, there is limited understanding of the endogenous immunity to SARS-CoV-2 generated in mAb-treated patients and therefore ongoing susceptibility to future infections. Here we measure the endogenous antibody response in SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals treated with REGN-COV2 (Ronapreve). We show that in the majority of unvaccinated, delta-infected REGN-COV2-treated individuals, an endogenous antibody response is generated, but, like untreated, delta-infected individuals, there was a limited neutralization breadth. However, some vaccinated individuals who were seronegative at SARS-CoV-2 infection baseline and some unvaccinated individuals failed to produce an endogenous immune response following infection and REGN-COV2 treatment demonstrating the importance of mAb therapy in some patient populations.","PeriodicalId":74384,"journal":{"name":"Oxford open immunology","volume":"4 1","pages":"iqac012"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9914479/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9280297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The ageing immune system as a potential target of senolytics. 衰老的免疫系统是抗衰老的潜在靶点。

Oxford open immunology Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1093/oxfimm/iqad004

Peter Yandi Du, Ankesh Gandhi, Manraj Bawa, Justyna Gromala

{"title":"The ageing immune system as a potential target of senolytics.","authors":"Peter Yandi Du, Ankesh Gandhi, Manraj Bawa, Justyna Gromala","doi":"10.1093/oxfimm/iqad004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfimm/iqad004","url":null,"abstract":"Ageing leads to a sharp decline in immune function, precipitating the development of inflammatory conditions. The combined impact of these processes renders older individuals at greater risk of inflammatory and immune-related diseases, such as cancer and infections. This is compounded by reduced efficacy in interventions aiming to limit disease impact, for instance vaccines being less effective in elderly populations. This state of diminished cellular function is driven by cellular senescence, a process where cells undergo stable growth arrest following exposure to stressful stimuli, and the associated pro-inflammatory secretory phenotype. Removing harmful senescent cells (SnCs) using senolytic therapies is an emerging field holding promise for patient benefit. Current senolytics have been developed either to specifically target SnCs, or repurposed from cancer therapies or vaccination protocols. Herein, we discuss recent developments in senolytic therapies, focusing on how senolytics could be used to combat the age-associated diminution of the immune system. In particular, exploring how these drugs may be used to promote immunity in the elderly, and highlighting recent trials of senolytics in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and diabetic kidney disease. Novel immunotherapeutic approaches including chimeric antigen receptor T-cells or monoclonal antibodies targeting SnCs are being investigated to combat the shortcomings of current senolytics and their adverse effects. The flexible nature of senolytic treatment modalities and their efficacy in safely removing harmful SnCs could have great potential to promote healthy immune function in ageing populations.","PeriodicalId":74384,"journal":{"name":"Oxford open immunology","volume":"4 1","pages":"iqad004"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10191675/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9551425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Autoimmunity in Long Covid and POTS. 长Covid和POTS的自身免疫。

Oxford open immunology Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1093/oxfimm/iqad002

Fatema-Zahra El-Rhermoul, Artur Fedorowski, Philip Eardley, Patricia Taraborrelli, Dimitrios Panagopoulos, Richard Sutton, Phang Boon Lim, Melanie Dani

引用次数: 5

Achieving symptom relief in patients with myalgic encephalomyelitis by targeting the neuro-immune interface and optimizing disease tolerance. 通过靶向神经免疫界面和优化疾病耐受性实现肌痛性脑脊髓炎患者的症状缓解。

Oxford open immunology Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1093/oxfimm/iqad003

Lucie Rodriguez, Christian Pou, Tadepally Lakshmikanth, Jingdian Zhang, Constantin Habimana Mugabo, Jun Wang, Jaromir Mikes, Axel Olin, Yang Chen, Joanna Rorbach, Jan-Erik Juto, Tie Qiang Li, Per Julin, Petter Brodin

{"title":"Achieving symptom relief in patients with myalgic encephalomyelitis by targeting the neuro-immune interface and optimizing disease tolerance.","authors":"Lucie Rodriguez, Christian Pou, Tadepally Lakshmikanth, Jingdian Zhang, Constantin Habimana Mugabo, Jun Wang, Jaromir Mikes, Axel Olin, Yang Chen, Joanna Rorbach, Jan-Erik Juto, Tie Qiang Li, Per Julin, Petter Brodin","doi":"10.1093/oxfimm/iqad003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfimm/iqad003","url":null,"abstract":"Myalgic encephalomyelitis (ME) previously also known as chronic fatigue syndrome is a heterogeneous, debilitating syndrome of unknown etiology responsible for long-lasting disability in millions of patients worldwide. The most well-known symptom of ME is post-exertional malaise, but many patients also experience autonomic dysregulation, cranial nerve dysfunction and signs of immune system activation. Many patients also report a sudden onset of disease following an infection. The brainstem is a suspected focal point in ME pathogenesis and patients with structural impairment to the brainstem often show ME-like symptoms. The brainstem is also where the vagus nerve originates, a critical neuro-immune interface and mediator of the inflammatory reflex which regulate systemic inflammation. Here, we report the results of a randomized, placebo-controlled trial using intranasal mechanical stimulation targeting nerve endings in the nasal cavity, likely from the trigeminal nerve, possibly activating additional centers in the brainstem of ME patients and correlating with a ∼30% reduction in overall symptom scores after 8 weeks of treatment. By performing longitudinal, systems-level monitoring of the blood immune system in these patients, we uncover signs of chronic immune activation in ME, as well as immunological correlates of improvement that center around gut-homing immune cells and reduced inflammation. The mechanisms of symptom relief remain to be determined, but transcriptional analyses suggest an upregulation of disease tolerance mechanisms. We believe that these results are suggestive of ME as a condition explained by a maladaptive disease tolerance response following infection.","PeriodicalId":74384,"journal":{"name":"Oxford open immunology","volume":"4 1","pages":"iqad003"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10148714/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9924307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

A cellular overview of immunometabolism in systemic lupus erythematosus. 系统性红斑狼疮免疫代谢的细胞综述。

Oxford open immunology Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1093/oxfimm/iqad005

Antonios Psarras, Alexander Clarke

{"title":"A cellular overview of immunometabolism in systemic lupus erythematosus.","authors":"Antonios Psarras, Alexander Clarke","doi":"10.1093/oxfimm/iqad005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfimm/iqad005","url":null,"abstract":"Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex autoimmune disease, characterized by a breakdown of immune tolerance and the development of autoantibodies against nucleic self-antigens. Immunometabolism is a rapidly expanding scientific field investigating the metabolic programming of cells of the immune system. During the normal immune response, extensive reprogramming of cellular metabolism occurs, both to generate adenosine triphosphate and facilitate protein synthesis, and also to manage cellular stress. Major pathways upregulated include glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation, the tricarboxylic acid cycle and the pentose phosphate pathway, among others. Metabolic reprogramming also occurs to aid resolution of inflammation. Immune cells of both patients with SLE and lupus-prone mice are characterized by metabolic abnormalities resulting in an altered functional and inflammatory state. Recent studies have described how metabolic reprogramming occurs in many cell populations in SLE, particularly CD4+ T cells, e.g. favouring a glycolytic profile by overactivation of the mechanistic target of rapamycin pathway. These advances have led to an increased understanding of the metabolic changes affecting the inflammatory profile of T and B cells, monocytes, dendritic cells and neutrophils, and how they contribute to autoimmunity and SLE pathogenesis. In the current review, we aim to summarize recent advances in the field of immunometabolism involved in SLE and how these could potentially lead to new therapeutic strategies in the future.","PeriodicalId":74384,"journal":{"name":"Oxford open immunology","volume":"4 1","pages":"iqad005"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10264559/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9956748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Combating the challenges of COVID-19 pandemic: Insights into molecular mechanisms, immune responses and therapeutics against SARS-CoV-2. 应对COVID-19大流行的挑战:洞察SARS-CoV-2的分子机制、免疫反应和治疗方法。

Oxford open immunology Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1093/oxfimm/iqad001

Kriti Negi, Meetu Agarwal, Isha Pahuja, Bhavya Bhardwaj, Mansi Rawat, Ashima Bhaskar, Ved Prakash Dwivedi

{"title":"Combating the challenges of COVID-19 pandemic: Insights into molecular mechanisms, immune responses and therapeutics against SARS-CoV-2.","authors":"Kriti Negi, Meetu Agarwal, Isha Pahuja, Bhavya Bhardwaj, Mansi Rawat, Ashima Bhaskar, Ved Prakash Dwivedi","doi":"10.1093/oxfimm/iqad001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfimm/iqad001","url":null,"abstract":"Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection causes lethal coronavirus disease (COVID-19). SARS-CoV-2 has been the chief source of threat to public health and safety from 2019 to the present. SARS-CoV-2 caused a sudden and significant rise in hospitalization due to respiratory issues and pneumonia. We are consistently uncovering new information about SARS-CoV-2, and yet so much is to explore to implement efficient interventions to combat the emergent variants and spread of the ongoing pandemic. Information regarding the existing COVID-19 pandemic is streamlining continuously. However, clinical symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 infections spanning from asymptomatic infection to severe death-instigating disease remain consistent with preliminary reports. In this review, we have briefly introduced highlights of the COVID-19 pandemic and features of SARS-CoV-2. We have focused on current knowledge of innate and adaptive immune responses during SARS-CoV-2 infections and persisting clinical features of recovered patients. Furthermore, we have discussed how these immune responses are not tightly regulated and imbalance can direct the latter phases of COVID-19, long-COVID symptoms, and cause detrimental immunopathogenesis. COVID-19 vaccines are also discussed in detail to describe the efforts going around the world to control and prevent the infection. Overall, we have summarized the current knowledge on the immunology of SARS-CoV-2 infection and the utilization of that knowledge in the development of a suitable COVID-19 therapeutics and vaccines.","PeriodicalId":74384,"journal":{"name":"Oxford open immunology","volume":"4 1","pages":"iqad001"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9985161/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9305129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Long COVID: a narrative review of the clinical aftermaths of COVID-19 with a focus on the putative pathophysiology and aspects of physical activity. 长COVID：对COVID-19临床后果的叙述性回顾，重点是推测的病理生理学和体育锻炼方面。

Oxford open immunology Pub Date : 2022-09-16 eCollection Date: 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1093/oxfimm/iqac006

Simon Haunhorst, Wilhelm Bloch, Heiko Wagner, Claudia Ellert, Karsten Krüger, Daniel C Vilser, Kathrin Finke, Philipp Reuken, Mathias W Pletz, Andreas Stallmach, Christian Puta

{"title":"Long COVID: a narrative review of the clinical aftermaths of COVID-19 with a focus on the putative pathophysiology and aspects of physical activity.","authors":"Simon Haunhorst, Wilhelm Bloch, Heiko Wagner, Claudia Ellert, Karsten Krüger, Daniel C Vilser, Kathrin Finke, Philipp Reuken, Mathias W Pletz, Andreas Stallmach, Christian Puta","doi":"10.1093/oxfimm/iqac006","DOIUrl":"10.1093/oxfimm/iqac006","url":null,"abstract":"The pandemic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can cause multi-systemic symptoms that can persist beyond the acute symptomatic phase. The post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC), also referred to as long COVID, describe the persistence of symptoms and/or long-term complications beyond 4 weeks from the onset of the acute symptoms and are estimated to affect at least 20% of the individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2 regardless of their acute disease severity. The multi-faceted clinical picture of long COVID encompasses a plethora of undulating clinical manifestations impacting various body systems such as fatigue, headache, attention disorder, hair loss and exercise intolerance. The physiological response to exercise testing is characterized by a reduced aerobic capacity, cardiocirculatory limitations, dysfunctional breathing patterns and an impaired ability to extract and use oxygen. Still, to this day, the causative pathophysiological mechanisms of long COVID remain to be elucidated, with long-term organ damage, immune system dysregulation and endotheliopathy being among the hypotheses discussed. Likewise, there is still a paucity of treatment options and evidence-based strategies for the management of the symptoms. In sum, this review explores different aspects of long COVID and maps the literature on what is known about its clinical manifestations, potential pathophysiological mechanisms, and treatment options.","PeriodicalId":74384,"journal":{"name":"Oxford open immunology","volume":"3 1","pages":"iqac006"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9494493/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10851761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

SARS-CoV-2 immunity and vaccine strategies in people with HIV. 艾滋病毒感染者的 SARS-CoV-2 免疫力和疫苗策略。

Oxford open immunology Pub Date : 2022-08-17 eCollection Date: 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1093/oxfimm/iqac005

Claire Mullender, Kelly A S da Costa, Aljawharah Alrubayyi, Sarah L Pett, Dimitra Peppa

{"title":"SARS-CoV-2 immunity and vaccine strategies in people with HIV.","authors":"Claire Mullender, Kelly A S da Costa, Aljawharah Alrubayyi, Sarah L Pett, Dimitra Peppa","doi":"10.1093/oxfimm/iqac005","DOIUrl":"10.1093/oxfimm/iqac005","url":null,"abstract":"Current severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccines, based on the ancestral Wuhan strain, were developed rapidly to meet the needs of a devastating global pandemic. People living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (PLWH) have been designated as a priority group for SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in most regions and varying primary courses (two- or three-dose schedule) and additional boosters are recommended depending on current CD4+ T cell count and/or detectable HIV viraemia. From the current published data, licensed vaccines are safe for PLWH, and stimulate robust responses to vaccination in those well controlled on antiretroviral therapy and with high CD4+ T cell counts. Data on vaccine efficacy and immunogenicity remain, however, scarce in PLWH, especially in people with advanced disease. A greater concern is a potentially diminished immune response to the primary course and subsequent boosters, as well as an attenuated magnitude and durability of protective immune responses. A detailed understanding of the breadth and durability of humoral and T cell responses to vaccination, and the boosting effects of natural immunity to SARS-CoV-2, in more diverse populations of PLWH with a spectrum of HIV-related immunosuppression is therefore critical. This article summarizes focused studies of humoral and cellular responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection in PLWH and provides a comprehensive review of the emerging literature on SARS-CoV-2 vaccine responses. Emphasis is placed on the potential effect of HIV-related factors and presence of co-morbidities modulating responses to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, and the remaining challenges informing the optimal vaccination strategy to elicit enduring responses against existing and emerging variants in PLWH.","PeriodicalId":74384,"journal":{"name":"Oxford open immunology","volume":"3 1","pages":"iqac005"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9452103/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9483639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0