Aging and Disease最新文献_第10页

Emerging Targets, Novel Directions, and Innovative Approaches in Thrombosis Therapy. 血栓治疗的新靶点、新方向和创新方法。

IF 7 2区医学

Aging and Disease Pub Date : 2025-03-13 DOI: 10.14336/AD.2024.1688

Weiyue Zhang, Baoqing Pei, Yifan Zhou, Hui Li, Wei Ma, Bing Zhou, Chen Zhou, Huimin Jiang, Xunming Ji

{"title":"Emerging Targets, Novel Directions, and Innovative Approaches in Thrombosis Therapy.","authors":"Weiyue Zhang, Baoqing Pei, Yifan Zhou, Hui Li, Wei Ma, Bing Zhou, Chen Zhou, Huimin Jiang, Xunming Ji","doi":"10.14336/AD.2024.1688","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14336/AD.2024.1688","url":null,"abstract":"In clinical practice, antiplatelet, anticoagulant and fibrinolytic drugs are the mainstay of thrombosis treatment, but their potential bleeding side effects limit their widespread use. Therefore, modifying these existing drugs or developing new therapies that mitigate bleeding risks while maintaining their efficacy and utilization is necessary. Since the critical role of platelets in thrombosis is closely related to their cell surface receptors, intracellular signaling pathways and metabolism, current research focuses on these three major classes of platelet targets to develop new antithrombotic drugs. The coagulation cascade has always been the main target of anticoagulant drugs, but since the role of molecules of the contact system is more critical in thrombosis than in hemostasis, molecules targeting the contact system, such as FXIa and FXIIa, have become the main direction of anticoagulant drug research at present. Moreover, since the inflammatory response has been found to be significantly associated with thrombosis in recent years, the development of drugs that target inflammatory pathways, such as inflammasome, has also become a hot topic. This article provides a detailed description of these targets or drug formulations that are currently being investigated, including their mode of action and antithrombotic efficiency, and also points out their existing shortcomings. Moreover, antithrombotic nanomedicines can achieve precise release of drugs, which can greatly improve the thrombolytic efficiency and reduce side effects. In conclusion, this review focuses on summarizing the current new targets and new methods of antithrombotic drug research, hoping to provide a little reference for future related research.","PeriodicalId":7434,"journal":{"name":"Aging and Disease","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143735625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Bone Regeneration Enhanced by Quercetin-Capped Selenium Nanoparticles via miR206/Connexin43, WNT, and BMP signaling pathways. 槲皮素覆盖的硒纳米粒子通过miR206/Connexin43、WNT和BMP信号通路促进骨再生。

IF 7 2区医学

Aging and Disease Pub Date : 2025-03-11 DOI: 10.14336/AD.2025.0025

Garima Sharma, Yeon Hee Lee, Jin-Chul Kim, Ashish Ranjan Sharma, Sang-Soo Lee

{"title":"Bone Regeneration Enhanced by Quercetin-Capped Selenium Nanoparticles via miR206/Connexin43, WNT, and BMP signaling pathways.","authors":"Garima Sharma, Yeon Hee Lee, Jin-Chul Kim, Ashish Ranjan Sharma, Sang-Soo Lee","doi":"10.14336/AD.2025.0025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14336/AD.2025.0025","url":null,"abstract":"Age-related alterations in the skeletal system are linked to decreased bone mass, a reduction in bone strength and density, and an increased risk of fractures and osteoporosis. Therapeutics are desired to stimulate bone regeneration and restore imbalance in the bone remodeling process. Quercetin (Qu), a naturally occurring flavonoid, induces osteogenesis; however, its solubility, stability, and bioavailability limit its therapeutic use. Nanoformulation can improve the physical properties of Qu and enhance its bioactivity and bioavailability. Further, localized delivery of Qu nanoformulations at the site of bone defects could ensure high local concentration, augmenting its osteogenic properties. Thus, this study aims to synthesize selenium nanoparticles-based Qu nanoformulation (Qu-SeNPs) and evaluate their osteogenic stimulation ability along with localized bone regeneration ability. Here, the spontaneously synthesized Qu-SeNPs showed uniform size distribution and rough flower-shaped morphology. The confocal images indicate improved cellular uptake and even cellular distribution of Qu-SeNPs in osteoblasts, resulting in increased osteogenic activity as indicated by enhanced expression of early and late osteoprogenitor differentiation markers. Qu-SeNPs also decreased osteoblasts' RANKL/OPG ratio and inhibited osteoclast formation. Mechanistically, Qu-SeNPs activate critical signaling pathways, including WNT and BMP, and utilize the miR-206/Connexin43 pathway to enhance osteogenesis. In vivo, experiments utilizing a drill-hole bone defect model in mice indicate that hydrogel-mediated localized delivery of Qu-SeNPs significantly accelerates bone defect healing. Thus, well-characterized and mechanistic, detailed synthesized Qu-SeNPs can restore bone remodeling, and Qu-SeNPs embedded in hydrogels may improve Qu cellular uptake and bioavailability in clinical settings, enabling innovative orthopedic and regenerative therapies for bone loss/defects.","PeriodicalId":7434,"journal":{"name":"Aging and Disease","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143603397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Gut Microbiota Modulation of Dementia Related Complications. 肠道菌群调节痴呆相关并发症。

IF 7 2区医学

Aging and Disease Pub Date : 2025-03-08 DOI: 10.14336/AD.2025.0108

Xiaoqing Su, Yinghua Chen, Xingxing Yuan

{"title":"Gut Microbiota Modulation of Dementia Related Complications.","authors":"Xiaoqing Su, Yinghua Chen, Xingxing Yuan","doi":"10.14336/AD.2025.0108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14336/AD.2025.0108","url":null,"abstract":"Recent advances in microbial pathogen research have highlighted the potential of gut microbe-based microbial medicine. One of the most extensively studied biological pathways is the gut-brain axis, which has been shown to reverse neurological disorders. Evidence from animal-based studies of dysbiosis suggest complex behavioral changes, such as alterations in sociability and anxiety, can be modulated through gut microbiota. Specifically, mental disorders include major depression, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia. Gastrointestinal diseases can be reversed by modulating gut microbiota. Dementia and its related mechanisms are also amenable to modulation of the gut microbiota. This review focuses on the role of gut microbiota in dementia by discussing the effects on depressive symptoms, cognitive function, mood, behavioral changes, chronic stress, and the prospects of the microbiota-gut-brain axis for dementia. Although animal models have revealed promising approaches for treating dementia through the modulation of the gut microbiota, it may be premature to incorporate these interventions into standard clinical practice. The heterogeneity of findings from clinical trials and randomized control trials has yet to convincingly demonstrate the efficacy of modulation in reversing dementia and its related complications.","PeriodicalId":7434,"journal":{"name":"Aging and Disease","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143603417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Diagnostic and Therapeutic Potential of Photo-Responsive Nanomaterials in Osteoarthritis. 光反应纳米材料在骨关节炎中的诊断和治疗潜力。

IF 7 2区医学

Aging and Disease Pub Date : 2025-03-07 DOI: 10.14336/AD.2025.0166

Yanlei Zhang, Jiachun Song, Yuxuan Li, Quanbo Ji

{"title":"Diagnostic and Therapeutic Potential of Photo-Responsive Nanomaterials in Osteoarthritis.","authors":"Yanlei Zhang, Jiachun Song, Yuxuan Li, Quanbo Ji","doi":"10.14336/AD.2025.0166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14336/AD.2025.0166","url":null,"abstract":"Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common musculoskeletal disease globally and is the main reason for the chronic pain and disability in people over sixty-five worldwide. Degradation of the articular cartilage, synovial inflammation and osteophyte formation are widely acknowledged as the primary pathological manifestations of OA. OA affects more than 300 million people all over the world, bringing extremely large socioeconomic burden. Unfortunately, there's so far, no disease-modified drugs to treat it, and techniques for early detection are absent. Photoacoustic imaging is a promising imaging method based on photothermal effects, which shows enormous potential in precisely monitoring the development of OA and tracking the drug treatment progress. Photothermal therapy is a non-invasive treatment curing diseases by converting the energy from light to heat through tissue absorption. Ample research evidence verifies the efficacy of photothermal therapy in treating OA. This narrative review covered recent advances of photosensitive nanomaterials applied in OA and illustrated the potential of them in diagnosing and treating OA, hoping it could pave the way for the following theranostics and clinical transition of OA.","PeriodicalId":7434,"journal":{"name":"Aging and Disease","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143603412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Impact of Rosemary and Ginger Extracts on Aging and Healthspan in Drosophila. 迷迭香和生姜提取物对果蝇衰老和健康的影响。

IF 7 2区医学

Aging and Disease Pub Date : 2025-03-07 DOI: 10.14336/AD.2024.1558

Ricardo Aparicio, Anna M Salazar, Edward T Schmid, Armen Khanbabaei, Arun Rajgopal, R Keith Randolph, David W Walker

{"title":"The Impact of Rosemary and Ginger Extracts on Aging and Healthspan in Drosophila.","authors":"Ricardo Aparicio, Anna M Salazar, Edward T Schmid, Armen Khanbabaei, Arun Rajgopal, R Keith Randolph, David W Walker","doi":"10.14336/AD.2024.1558","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14336/AD.2024.1558","url":null,"abstract":"Aging leads to a decline in physiological functions and increased risk of mortality, yet therapeutic avenues are limited. Dietary phytochemicals provide an attractive approach to counteract age-related health decline. Here, we have examined the impact of feeding extracts of rosemary and ginger, prepared via three different extraction methods, on markers of aging and healthspan in the fruit fly Drosophila. We observed that certain, but not all, extracts of ginger produce modest prolongevity effects. Feeding extracts of rosemary, produced via the three different methods, each produced prolongevity effects. We observe that feeding combinations of both rosemary and ginger extracts leads to robust lifespan extension. We find that the prolongevity effects of rosemary and ginger extracts are linked to improved intestinal barrier function in aged flies. Importantly, we show that the anti-aging effects observed are not linked to reduced food intake. Interestingly, we observe several instances where the combination of rosemary plus ginger produces effects which are more pronounced or not seen for either extract alone. In terms of cellular hallmarks of aging, rosemary plus ginger feeding leads to AMPK activation and improved markers of autophagy and proteostasis in aged flies. Furthermore, feeding the combination of rosemary plus ginger feeding improves cognitive function in aged flies. Our results demonstrate that rosemary and ginger extracts can counteract aging and prolong healthspan in flies.","PeriodicalId":7434,"journal":{"name":"Aging and Disease","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143603430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Cellular Senescence in the Regenerative Niche Hampers Skeletal Muscle Repair. 再生生态位中的细胞衰老阻碍骨骼肌修复。

IF 7 2区医学

Aging and Disease Pub Date : 2025-03-06 DOI: 10.14336/AD.2024.1501

MingYu Qiu, YangYang Li, QiSen Wang, XiaoTing Jian, JingWen Huang, WeiChao Gui, Jijie Hu, Hua Liao

引用次数: 0

New Insight into the Mechanism of Neurochemical Imbalance in Multiple Sclerosis: Abnormal Transportation of Brain Extracellular Space. 多发性硬化症神经化学失衡机制的新认识：脑细胞外空间异常运输。

IF 7 2区医学

Aging and Disease Pub Date : 2025-03-05 DOI: 10.14336/AD.2024.1

Yumeng Cheng, Jiao Liu, Feng Tian, Hanbo Tan, Tianyu Wang, Jiabin Lu, Zeqing Tang, Xinlei Ma, Jingge Lian, Shaoyi Su, Yu Fu, Bin Liu, Yuliang Li, Wanyi Fu, Meng Xu, Hongbin Han

{"title":"New Insight into the Mechanism of Neurochemical Imbalance in Multiple Sclerosis: Abnormal Transportation of Brain Extracellular Space.","authors":"Yumeng Cheng, Jiao Liu, Feng Tian, Hanbo Tan, Tianyu Wang, Jiabin Lu, Zeqing Tang, Xinlei Ma, Jingge Lian, Shaoyi Su, Yu Fu, Bin Liu, Yuliang Li, Wanyi Fu, Meng Xu, Hongbin Han","doi":"10.14336/AD.2024.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14336/AD.2024.1","url":null,"abstract":"Neurochemical imbalance is a contributing factor to neurological symptoms in multiple sclerosis (MS). The matured myelin sheath is crucial for substance transportation within the extracellular space (ECS) and for maintaining local homeostasis. Therefore, we hypothesize that disturbed ECS transportation following demyelinating lesions might lead to neurochemical imbalance in MS. In the current study, a lysophosphatidylcholine-induced unilateral MS model was used to investigate spatial neurochemical alterations. The results demonstrated that 168 substances were altered around the demyelination site in the ipsilateral hemisphere, compared to the contralateral hemisphere, with significant enrichment in the purine and arginine-proline metabolic pathways. Notably, dopamine was unexpectedly detected in the demyelinated region and the adjacent thalamus. Tracer-based MRI further revealed that the tracer injected into the striatum abnormally refluxed to the thalamus, with the area of reflux consistent with the altered dopamine distribution. The interstitial fluid drained extensively but was confined to the unilateral hemisphere, which may explain the observed widespread changes in other neuroactive substances. Importantly, after the restoration of ECS integrity, both interstitial fluid drainage and neurochemical imbalance, including dopamine, were normalized, supporting the potential link between ECS dysfunction and neurochemical imbalance. These observations highlight the crucial role of ECS transport in maintaining neurochemical homeostasis in the brain, providing new insights into the mechanisms that may underline the neuropsychiatric symptoms of MS.","PeriodicalId":7434,"journal":{"name":"Aging and Disease","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143603427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Trifluoroacetic Acid Induced a Cyclophilin D-Dependent Cognitive Impairment in Mice. 三氟乙酸诱导的小鼠认知功能损害依赖于嗜环素 D

IF 7 2区医学

Aging and Disease Pub Date : 2025-02-26 DOI: 10.14336/AD.2024.1430

Yun Li, Yichi Xu, Yuanlin Dong, Christa J Nehs, Zhongcong Xie, Yiying Zhang

{"title":"Trifluoroacetic Acid Induced a Cyclophilin D-Dependent Cognitive Impairment in Mice.","authors":"Yun Li, Yichi Xu, Yuanlin Dong, Christa J Nehs, Zhongcong Xie, Yiying Zhang","doi":"10.14336/AD.2024.1430","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14336/AD.2024.1430","url":null,"abstract":"Studies have linked inhalation anesthesia and surgery to increased cognitive impairment, particularly in the elderly. Our previous research showed that isoflurane, but not desflurane, affected cognitive function in mice by modulating cyclophilin D (CypD), a key regulator of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) and mitochondrial function. Both anesthetics metabolize into trifluoroacetic acid (TFA), which is associated with cognitive deficits. However, the specific role of CypD in the TFA-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and cognitive impairments is unclear. This study aims to explore the interaction between TFA, CypD, and cognitive function in neurons and mice. TFA was administered to 2-3-month-old wild-type (WT) and CypD knockout (KO) female and male mice at 120 μg/kg and to primary cultured neurons from these mice at 10 μM. Immunofluorescence staining and Western blot analyses assessed the impact of TFA on the levels of CypD, voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC), adenine nucleotide translocase (ANT), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and caspase-3 activation in neurons, along with cognitive function assessments in mice. The data from the present study demonstrated cognitive impairments in mice following TFA treatment. Elevated CypD and ROS levels were observed post-TFA exposure, alongside the TFA-induced caspase-3 activation in WT neurons and mice. Notably, the absence of CypD significantly mitigated these effects. The findings suggest that TFA-induced mitochondrial dysfunction, caspase-3 activation, and subsequent cognitive impairments rely on CypD expression, particularly in the hippocampus of mice. This study illuminates the molecular pathways influenced by anesthesia-related compound TFA and its impact on cognitive function.","PeriodicalId":7434,"journal":{"name":"Aging and Disease","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143603442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

CD16^-CD56^bright NK Cells: A Protective NK Cell Subset for Progression and Prognosis in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. cd16 - cd56亮NK细胞：肌萎缩性侧索硬化进展和预后的保护性NK细胞亚群。

IF 7 2区医学

Aging and Disease Pub Date : 2025-02-26 DOI: 10.14336/AD.2024.1597

Zhenxiang Gong, Li Ba, Zehui Li, Hongyan Hou, Min Zhang

{"title":"CD16-CD56bright NK Cells: A Protective NK Cell Subset for Progression and Prognosis in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis.","authors":"Zhenxiang Gong, Li Ba, Zehui Li, Hongyan Hou, Min Zhang","doi":"10.14336/AD.2024.1597","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14336/AD.2024.1597","url":null,"abstract":"Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a non-neuron-autonomous disease where peripheral immune dysregulation significantly impacts disease progression. However, the immunopathological mechanisms of natural killer (NK) cells in ALS remain largely unexplored. This study enrolled 241 ALS patients and 102 healthy controls (HC), analyzing lymphocyte subsets, including T cells, B cells, and NK cells. A sub-cohort of 81 ALS patients was followed up for one year at three-month intervals. Linear mixed and Cox proportional hazards models were used to evaluate the association between lymphocyte subsets and ALS progression and prognosis. Our results revealed significant reductions in total T cells, helper T cells (Th), and NK cells in ALS patients compared to HC (P &;lt 0.05). Slow-progressing ALS patients exhibited higher counts of total T cells, Th, CD16-CD56bright NK cells, and CD16+CD56bright NK cells, while showing lower counts of CD16+CD56dim NK cells compared to fast-progressing ALS patients (P &;lt 0.05). ALS patients with lower CD16-CD56bright NK cell counts experienced a faster decline in motor function than those with higher counts (P &;lt 0.05). Elevated CD16-CD56bright NK cell counts were associated with improved ALS prognosis (HR, 0.73; 95% CI: 0.60-0.90; P &;lt 0.05). This study suggests that CD16-CD56bright NK cells play a protective role in ALS progression and prognosis, offering a potential therapeutic target for ALS.","PeriodicalId":7434,"journal":{"name":"Aging and Disease","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143603401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Decoding Microglial Polarization and Metabolic Reprogramming in Neurodegenerative Diseases: Implications for Disease Progression and Therapy. 解码神经退行性疾病中的小胶质细胞极化和代谢重编程：对疾病进展和治疗的影响。

IF 7 2区医学

Aging and Disease Pub Date : 2025-02-21 DOI: 10.14336/AD.2024.1629

Ran Gao, Ya Gao, Wenting Su, Renxi Wang

{"title":"Decoding Microglial Polarization and Metabolic Reprogramming in Neurodegenerative Diseases: Implications for Disease Progression and Therapy.","authors":"Ran Gao, Ya Gao, Wenting Su, Renxi Wang","doi":"10.14336/AD.2024.1629","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14336/AD.2024.1629","url":null,"abstract":"As the resident macrophages of the brain, microglia are crucial immune cells specific to the central nervous system (CNS). They constantly surveil their surroundings and trigger immunological reactions, playing a key role in various neurodegenerative diseases (ND). As illnesses progress, microglia exhibit multiple phenotypes. Traditionally, microglia have been classified into two main phenotypes upon activation: the pro-inflammatory M1 polarization and the anti-inflammatory M2 polarization. However, this classification is now considered overly simplistic, as it is unable to fully convey the intricacy and diversity of the inflammatory response. Immune regulatory factors, such as chemokines secreted by microglia, are essential for modulating brain development, maintaining the neural milieu, and orchestrating responses to injury, along with the subsequent repair processes. However, in recent years, the significance of metabolic reprogramming in both physiological microglial activity and ND has also become increasingly recognized. Upon activation-triggered by brain injury, infection, or ND-microglia typically modify their metabolic processes by transitioning from oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) phosphorylation to glycolysis. This shift facilitates rapid energy production but may also enhance pro-inflammatory responses. This review seeks to summarize metabolic reprogramming and polarization in the function of microglia and their involvement in ND.","PeriodicalId":7434,"journal":{"name":"Aging and Disease","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143603406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0