OBM neurobiology最新文献

{"title":"Classical and Non-Classical Neural Communications","authors":"W. Winlow, R. Fatemi, A. S. Johnson","doi":"10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2303181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2303181","url":null,"abstract":"This review was constructed to show how the connectome has evolved in motor command systems from simple command elements to complex systems of neurons utilizing parallel distributed processing and the possibility of quantum entanglement between groups of neurons. Scientific and medical interest in neural pathways and their connections have driven neuroscience and brain research for many decades so that specific systems and their feedback loops have been considered in detail. We review motor command systems in invertebrate and vertebrate nervous systems, using PubMed and more generalized searches. We contemplate the attractiveness of the command neuron concept and why it has been largely superseded by parallel distributed processing (PDP) in both vertebrate and invertebrate models. Action potentials, synaptic connectivity and communication within the nervous system are extremely important to understanding basic neurological and physiological functions. However, newer concepts suggest computation within nervous systems may resemble quantum phase computation and that computational action potentials are also quantal. We suggest that a rational form of computation that can operate according to the physiological constraints of neurons and their connectivity is essential in further evaluating neuronal interactions. We also consider recent studies that indicate that quantum entanglement may occur in the human brain. Thus some brain functions may be non-classical, most likely the phenomena of consciousness and self-awareness. The significance of this review is that future studies on motor command should not just consider the connectome but should also consider computational systems within nervous systems and the likelihood of quantum entanglement between groups of neurons not currently indicated by the connectome.","PeriodicalId":74334,"journal":{"name":"OBM neurobiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46787786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of Interpersonal Relationships of Social Network Users Using Explainable Artificial Intelligence Methods","authors":"P. Ustin, F. Gafarov, A. Berdnikov","doi":"10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2303180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2303180","url":null,"abstract":"The emergence of the social networking phenomenon and the sudden spread of the coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) around the world have significantly affected the transformation of the system of interpersonal relations, partly shifting them towards virtual reality. Online social networks have greatly expanded the boundaries of human interpersonal interaction and initiated processes of integration of different cultures. As a result, research into the possibilities of predicting human behavior through the characteristics of virtual communication in social networks has become more relevant. The aim of the study is: to explore the possibilities of machine learning model interpretability methods for interpreting the success of social network users based on their profile data. This paper uses a specific method of explainable artificial intelligence, SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanations), to analyze and interpret trained machine learning models. The research is based on Social Network Analysis (SNA), a modern line of research conducted to understand different aspects of the social network as a whole as well as its individual nodes (users). User accounts on social networks provide detailed information that characterizes a user's personality, interests, and hobbies and reflects their current status. Characteristics of a personal profile also make it possible to identify social graphs - mathematical models reflecting the characteristics of interpersonal relationships of social network users. An important tool for social network analysis is various machine learning algorithms that make different predictions based on sets of characteristics (social network data). However, most of today's powerful machine learning methods are \"black boxes,\" and therefore the challenge of interpreting and explaining their results arises. The study trained RandomForestClassifier and XGBClassifier models and showed the nature and degree of influence of the personal profile metrics of VKontakte social network users and indicators of their interpersonal relationship characteristics (graph metrics).","PeriodicalId":74334,"journal":{"name":"OBM neurobiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44638168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Psychometric Properties of the COVID Stress Scales in Korean University Students","authors":"Boram Lee, Hyelin Jeong","doi":"10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2303177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2303177","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 pandemic and its associated disruptions have significantly impacted university students’ lives worldwide. The COVID Stress Scale (CSS) is a 36-item self-reporting instrument designed to measure stress caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. This study purposed to examine the psychometric properties of the Korean version of the CSS for use with Korean university students. The study sample comprised 402 undergraduate students enrolled in a four-year private university in central South Korea. This cross-sectional investigation employed an anonymous online survey conducted during the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic. The forward-backward translation method was adopted to convert the original English version of the CSS to Korean. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was performed to determine the structure of the CSS. Convergent validity was assessed using correlation analysis with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). McDonald’s omega and Cronbach’s alpha reliability coefficients were used to evaluate reliability. The results revealed that a bifactor model specifying general factors and the six specific factors of danger, contamination, socioeconomic characteristics, xenophobia, traumatic stress symptoms, and compulsive checking and reassurance seeking provided the best fit among all alternatives. Further investigations demonstrated that the general factor of COVID-19-related stress accounted for the majority of CSS variances than the six specific factors. The results highlighted the unidimensionality of the measure. Additionally, the actions displayed excellent internal consistency. Our findings endorse the use of the Korean version of the CSS as a tool for measureing general stress experienced in reaction to the COVID-19 pandemic and we support using the instrument’s total score in this context.","PeriodicalId":74334,"journal":{"name":"OBM neurobiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45599168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Substance Use Disorder, Alexithymia, and Personality Disorders, What is the Link? Pilot African Study","authors":"F. Qassimi, S. Boujraf, Adam Khlifi, G. Lamgari, Zineb El Bourachedy, Aarab Chadya, Aalouane Rachid, B. Amine","doi":"10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2303176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2303176","url":null,"abstract":"Alexithymia and personality disorders are common in substance use (SUD) patients. This association remains understudied and is considered to hurt the course and management of substance use disorder patients. To determine the prevalence of personality disorders (PD) and alexithymia in addiction care patients. Besides, we targeted investigating a possible link between alexithymia, different personality disorders and clinical aspects of substance use disorder including severity. This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Addictology Center of the university hospital of Fez. We recruited 54 patients with a confirmed substance use disorder according to the DSM 5 criteria. We used the psychometric scales of alexithymia (TAS-20) and the personality assessment scale (PDQ-4+). The average age of our sample was 27.07 ± 8.22. The percentage of poly-consumers of psychoactive substances was around 93%. The alexithymia patients constituted 48% of the sample. We found a significant association between alexithymia and the severity of SUD p-value of 0.033. Alexithymia appeared to be significantly associated with ‘Cluster A’ of personality disorders p-value of 0.013 and more specifically with paranoid personality disorder p-value of 0.022. The mean PDQ-4+ score was significantly higher in the alexithymia group of patients (TAS-20 score ≥62) p-value of 0.047. 89% reported at least one specific personality disorder. Our results showed a significant association between the presence of a specific personality disorder and the existence of a severe substance use disorder p-value of 0.01. We also found that ‘Cluster A’ of personality disorder diagnoses are significantly frequent within the severe subgroup of SUD p-value of 0.042. Our study suggested an overrepresentation of alexithymia and personality disorders in patients followed for SUD. It showed a direct link between alexithymia and personality disorder on the one hand, and the severity of the substance use disorder on the other. Extensive studies are required to fully elucidate the weight of alexithymia in SUD and PD. Such investigations would improve the therapeutical approach and the outcome.","PeriodicalId":74334,"journal":{"name":"OBM neurobiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48855434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in General Population During COVID-19 Pandemic: An Umbrella Review and Meta-Analysis","authors":"T. Huyen, Ngoan Duong Thi, G. Minh, Van Thi Hai Hoang","doi":"10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2303175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2303175","url":null,"abstract":"During the COVID-19 pandemic, global populations have experienced quarantine and lockdown restrictions, adversely affecting individuals' psychological well-being. This comprehensive review aims to estimate the prevalence of Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) within the general population amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. Employing the PRISMA guideline, the databases PubMed/Medline, Science Direct, Web of Science, Cochrane and Google Scholar were used in the data extraction process, and publications from December 2019 to 30th November 2022 were searched. A meta-analysis using the random effects model and an evaluation of heterogeneity using the I2 index was performed. The initial search yielded 264 studies, from which 11 were selected for this comprehensive review after eliminating duplicates and assessing study quality. The findings revealed an overall prevalence of PTSD among the general population during the COVID-19 pandemic at 19.34% (95% CI: 16.29-22.38%; I2 = 40.44%; <0.1). Subgroup analysis based on region and scale did not reveal significant differences between groups. Future research should focus on conducting additional studies to examine the long-term impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health status of the general population worldwide.","PeriodicalId":74334,"journal":{"name":"OBM neurobiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49060487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantum and Component Analysis of P3a and P3b from Auditory Single Trial ERPs Differentiates Borderline Personality Disorder from Schizophrenia","authors":"D. Melkonian, A. Korner, R. Meares, Anthony Harris","doi":"10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2303174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2303174","url":null,"abstract":"Traditional approaches to EEG modelling use the methods of classical physics to reconstruct scalp potentials in terms of explicit physical models of cortical neuron ensembles. The principal difficulty with such approaches is that the multiplicity of cellular processes, with an intricate array of deterministic and random influencing factors, prevents the creation of consistent biophysical parameter sets. An original, empirically testable solution has been achieved in our previous studies by a radical departure from the deterministic equations of classical physics to the probabilistic reasoning of quantum mechanics. This crucial step relocates the models of elementary bioelectric sources of EEG signals from the cellular to the molecular level where ions are considered as elementary sources of electricity. The rationale is that, despite dramatic differences in cellular machineries, statistical factors governed by the rules of the central limit theorem produce the EEG waveform as a statistical aggregate of the synchronized activity of multiple microscale sources. Based on these innovations, we introduce a method of comprehensive computerized analysis of event related potentials directly from single trial recordings. This method provides a universal model of single trial ERP components in both frequency and time domains. For the first time, this tool provides effective quantification of all significant cognitive components in single trial ERPs and represents a viable alternative to the traditional method of averaging. We demonstrate the clinical significance of the additional information provided by the new method, using ERP data from patients with borderline personality disorder and schizophrenia. Referring to the P300 as an important objective marker of psychiatric disorders, we show that the new method reliably identifies P3a and P3b as the major components of the P3. The diagnostic significance of differentiating the P3a and P3b components of P3 is that it provides an objective electrophysiological measure that distinguishes borderline personality disorder from schizophrenia.","PeriodicalId":74334,"journal":{"name":"OBM neurobiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41867874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predicting Suicide Risk among South African University Students: Optimal Cutoff Score for the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale","authors":"T. Pretorius, A. Padmanabhanunni","doi":"10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2303173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2303173","url":null,"abstract":"University students have been identified as a particularly vulnerable group for adverse mental health outcomes owing to the distinctive implications of the COVID-19 prevention measures on the educational sector. Even prior to the pandemic, university students were identified as being at increased risk for adverse mental health outcomes and suicidality. Although various factors can enhance the risk of suicide, one of the strongest predictors of suicidality is the presence of depressive symptomology. The current study used receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis to determine the optimal cutoff score on the CES-D when screening for suicide risk in university students during COVID-19 in South Africa. Participants (n = 337) were students at a historically disadvantaged university in South Africa. The ROC analysis showed no statistically significant difference between men’s and women's area under the curve (AUC); thus, a single AUC can be used for the whole sample. The study found that a cutoff score of 30 with a sensitivity of 89.30 and a specificity of 62.60 represented an acceptable cutoff point. It is recommended that when the instrument is used among student populations, those with scores of 30 and above need to be followed up with a clinician-administered interview to confirm suicide risk and facilitate timely intervention.","PeriodicalId":74334,"journal":{"name":"OBM neurobiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42430021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Systematic Literature Review on the Efficacy of Emerging Computer Technologies in Inclusive Education for Students with Autism Spectrum Disorder","authors":"Abdulmalik Ahmad Lawan, Kamaluddeen Ibrahim Yarima, Hamisu Ibrahim Usman, Sani Isah Abba, Haruna Usman Yakubu, Abdullahi Garba Musa","doi":"10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2302172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2302172","url":null,"abstract":"Including learners with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in mainstream classrooms is associated with challenges that could impede their academic participation. However, studies have shown the value of inclusive education, especially when supported with computer technologies, learners with ASD can effectively learn alongside their non-autistic peers. Despite that, there has been minimal research on ASD inclusion with emerging computer technologies. This paper presents a systematic review of the literature on the application of emerging computer technologies in supporting the inclusion of learners with ASD. By analyzing a wide range of scholarly articles, this research goes beyond the existing literature by thoroughly examining the unique contributions and advancements made in this field. The study findings revealed valuable strategies and technologies for ASD-inclusive education that could be utilized by educationists, researchers, and relevant stakeholders. Moreover, this research bridges the knowledge gap and provides a foundation for future investigations into effective and sustainable technological interventions for ASD-inclusive education.","PeriodicalId":74334,"journal":{"name":"OBM neurobiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45814380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Cross-Sectional Study of COVID-19 Pandemic Impact on Postpartum Women's Level of Anxiety, Depression and Breastfeeding Duration","authors":"Rezarta Lalo, F. Kamberi, Vjollca Ndreu","doi":"10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2302169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2302169","url":null,"abstract":"Pregnancy and postpartum periods are known as sensitive periods in women’s life and COVID-19 pandemic seems to be worsening their mental health with major impacts on exclusive breastfeeding duration. Therefore, the present study aims to fill the gap in the literature by assessing the links between postpartum anxiety and depression symptoms and breastfeeding duration as well as the associated factors during the COVID-19 pandemic. A longitudinal prospective observational study was conducted between November and December 2020 at the Maternity ward of Vlore Regional Hospital, Albania. A total of 321 postpartum women were invited to participate in the study, resulting in 215 participants with a response rate of 66.9%. Along with modified questions from the Infant Feeding Practices Study II (IFPS II) Neonatal Questionnaire on breastfeeding follow-up from birth to third and sixth months, the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item scale (GAD-7) and the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) were used to measure anxiety and depression levels. The binomial logistic regression model was applied to reflect the relationship between variables with the corresponding p-value ≤ 0.05. The mean age of participants was 27.4 ± 5.32 years old. 41% of them experienced postpartum anxiety and 51% showed symptoms of depression. Unemployment (69%; OR = 3.66), COVID-19 threat to their own life (89%; OR = 2.89), and feelings of isolation (62%), were all significant predictors of postpartum anxiety and depression disorders. Both anxiety and depression were significant barriers to unsuccessful breastfeeding duration, especially among primiparous women (p = 0.001). The findings revealed high anxiety and depression among postpartum women, which was linked to COVID-19 stressors and breastfeeding outcomes. The careful follow-up of perinatal mothers during a pandemic should be the priority of healthcare professionals to reduce maternal morbidity rates and improve the health of infants.","PeriodicalId":74334,"journal":{"name":"OBM neurobiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45593594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Case Report of a Severe Presentation of Anti-Contactin-1 Nodopathy","authors":"Katherine Zerebiec, Magalie E. Carey, N. Kolb, Tracy Lamoy, D. Dubey, M. Hehir","doi":"10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2302168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2302168","url":null,"abstract":"A 46-year-old, previously healthy woman presented via telemedicine with 14 months of progressive asymmetrical weakness, numbness, paresthesias and tremors. History and clinical exam findings suggested a peripheral etiology resembling a variant CIDP presentation. Electrodiagnostic testing identified only one motor nerve with signs of demyelination; the remainder of motor and sensory nerves were unable to be evoked. MRI showed diffuse enhancement of the trigeminal nerve and cauda equina. CSF revealed albuminocytologic dissociation. The patient was treated empirically with methylprednisolone for a clinically suspected variant of CIDP, more specifically a nodo-paranodopathy. Two weeks after initiation of steroid treatment, cerebrospinal fluid and serum yielded antibodies to contactin-1 which coincided with our clinical suspicion for an autoimmune nodo-paranodopathy, which is known to be refractory to IVIG. Rituximab was added given the patient’s severe presentation at the time of diagnosis. The autoimmune nodo-paranodopathies are treatable, even in the case of a severe presentation. Lack of clinician awareness and delay in diagnosis can be detrimental as in the case of our nearly paralyzed patient. It is important to raise awareness of the disease, its presentation and therapeutic management since early diagnosis and correct treatment is paramount for neurological recovery.","PeriodicalId":74334,"journal":{"name":"OBM neurobiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46072619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}