OBM neurobiology最新文献

{"title":"A New Computer-Aided Method for Assessing Children's Cognition in Bioengineering Systems for Diagnosing Developmental Delay","authors":"Igor Val Danilov, Araksia Svajyan, Sandra Mihailova","doi":"10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2304189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2304189","url":null,"abstract":"This pilot study (n = 19) examines fidelity rates of the new computer-aided method of diagnosing cognitive development delay in 3-to-6-year-old children. The small-scale research repeats the methodological components of the previous two studies, only changing the data collection process by introducing the baseline value (BV). Experimental data show a significant increase of 9.4 times in the shared intentionality magnitude in neurodivergent children. The results support the hypothesis that the bioengineering system (computer-mother-child) can encourage shared intentionality in the dyad by emulating the mother-newborn communication model. The outcome shows the association between the shared intentionality magnitude and children's diagnosis. However, the bioengineering diagnostic paradigm and the new BV method still need more evidence since the pilot study observes the effect in a small sample size. The pilot study evaluates the fidelity rates of this new BV method through nine markers. It shows the feasibility (with the limitations) of testing this new BV method in further research with a large sample size.","PeriodicalId":74334,"journal":{"name":"OBM neurobiology","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135823845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome in a Patient with Autism Spectrum Disorder: Case Report","authors":"Stefan Klek, Jonathan Newgren, Philip Burns, Angelika Kwak, Eric Casinelli, Tony Tu, Theodote Pontikes, Edwin Meresh","doi":"10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2304188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2304188","url":null,"abstract":"Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome (NMS) and Malignant Catatonia (MC) are conditions with significant overlap and are classically characterized by autonomic dysfunction, rigidity, bradyreflexia, posturing, lead-pipe rigidity in the former and waxy flexibility in the latter, stereotyping, an increase in creatinine kinase, and/or leukocytosis. Onset after inciting factor ranges from days to weeks, as does resolution with appropriate treatment. The overlap in symptomatology with Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) presents a formidable diagnostic challenge in a situation that must be parsed out with alacrity and accuracy. An 18-year-old male with a history of ASD, developmental delay with limited verbal use (functional age of approximately 5 years), and intermittent explosive disorder initially presented to an outside inpatient psychiatry hospital for worsening agitation that had spanned several weeks. At the outside facility trazodone, haloperidol, and clonazepam were added to his usual home regimen of valproic acid and escitalopram. Over the course of the next two weeks, he developed lethargy, tachycardia, and hypertensive emergency at which point he was transferred to our medical center’s Emergency Department. Due to concern over infection vs NMS/MC, an initial treatment plan consisted of: strict avoidance of all antipsychotics, scheduled acetaminophen for antipyretic care, 100 cc/hr IV fluids for rhabdomyolysis, a respiratory PCR panel, blood cultures, lorazepam 2 mg IV q6h, valproic acid 250 mg IV BID PRN for agitation, and discontinuation of patient’s home escitalopram. As patient was scoring positively for catatonia per Bush-Francis rating scale with scores of up to 20 and notable for marked tremulousness, myoclonic movements, rigidity with negativism, waxy flexibility, gegenhalten, and fever, the psychiatry service recommended starting a bromocriptine trial of 2.5 mg PO every 8 hours due to worry for progression to NMS/MC due to the antipsychotics he had received at the outside psychiatric facility. After down-titrating the bromocriptine dose as his symptoms resolved and up-titrating to doses as high as 7.5 mg every 6 hours when fever and concern for lead-pipe rigidity developed over a week after his symptoms had initially resolved, after nearly a month our patient was able to successfully be titrated down to a home regimen of lorazepam 1 mg at bedtime for the next 6 months. What made this case particularly unique (other than NMS/MC and ASD sharing many characteristics) were the many logistical hurdles that had to be navigated: first, our institution does not have an in-house Medicine-Psychiatry floor or electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), the definitive treatment for NMS/MC; second, there were neither adult nor pediatric inpatient Medicine-Psychiatry facilities in our state equipped with ECT that were willing to accept our patient as a transfer due to his developmental and physiological age, respectively. This case demonstrates the significant overlap ","PeriodicalId":74334,"journal":{"name":"OBM neurobiology","volume":"87 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135854379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rethinking Driving Assessment: A Hypothesis-Driven Proposal for Cognitive Evaluation","authors":"Jose Luis Tapia, Jon Andoni Duñabeitia","doi":"10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2304187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2304187","url":null,"abstract":"Driving is a critical aspect of personal mobility and autonomy, but ensuring road safety requires a comprehensive evaluation of driving abilities beyond self-reported behaviors and practical skills. This article emphasizes the importance of cognitive assessment in determining fitness to drive and explores the potential benefits of using digital tools for such evaluations to enhance road safety. Implementing these digital tools does come with challenges, such as unfamiliarity with digital cognitive reviews for some and the requirement of adaptability to evaluate cognitive skills across various age demographics. Additionally, the absence of standardization in driving assessments across different regions can result in inconsistencies in judging who is fit to drive. Despite these hurdles, integrating digital cognitive evaluations and training into conducting assessments and educational initiatives can more effectively comprehend and address mental aspects of driving, thereby potentially reducing crash risk and promoting road safety. This hypothesis-driven approach proposes that a thorough assessment of an individual's readiness to drive, focusing on vital cognitive domains associated with safe driving, can contribute to safer roads and yield substantial social, economic, and personal benefits. We encourage future research and educators to consider these insights when developing driving education programs and assessments of driving fitness.","PeriodicalId":74334,"journal":{"name":"OBM neurobiology","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136295887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Bioactive Compounds Obtained from Ginkgo Biloba Against Crystal Structure of Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein (MOG)","authors":"Aaryan Gupta, Arpita Roy, Soumya Pandit, Neha Pandey, Sarvesh Rustagi","doi":"10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2304186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2304186","url":null,"abstract":"Multiple Sclerosis (MS) spreads rapidly across the globe, causing almost 2.8 million cases worldwide. Many drugs and inhibitors, such as dronabinol and nabilone, have been used to treat MS, but there is no effective treatment for MS till now as these medications can cause severe side effects. So, we tested different compounds from <em>Ginkgo biloba</em> to inhibit the symptoms caused by MS as an herbal treatment. We targeted the Crystal structure of Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein as it has shown some excellent results in experimental labs. In this article, the binding interactions through the molecular docking model was performed. Further compound's effectiveness through various screening protocols such as the ADME Test, Bioavailability Radar Test, and BOILED-Egg Test has been done. This study found that Amentoflavone and Isoginkgetin have the potential to inhibit the Crystal Structure of Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein as they show the least binding energies which are -7.79 kcal/mol and -8.14 kcal/mol. To check the effectiveness of these compounds, Molecular Dynamics Simulations and in-vitro studies can be done to find some possible herbal treatments for Multiple Sclerosis.","PeriodicalId":74334,"journal":{"name":"OBM neurobiology","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135095052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shared Intentionality Modulation at the Cell Level: Low-Frequency Oscillations for Temporal Coordination in Bioengineering Systems","authors":"Igor Val Danilov","doi":"10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2304185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2304185","url":null,"abstract":"The theoretical article aims to develop knowledge about the modulation of shared intentionality at the cellular level. A hypothesis about the neurobiological processes during shared intentionality argues that this pre-perceptual communication occurs through nonlocal neuronal coupling in an ecosystem that can be described as the mother-fetus communication model. The current theoretical study analyses literature to discuss recent findings on the effect of oscillations on neuronal temporal coordination to verify whether external low-frequency oscillations can only synchronize specific local neuronal networks from peripheral and central nervous subsystems for modulating shared intentionality. The review discusses 4 findings. First, gamma oscillations are associated with the temporal coordination of local ensembles of cells. Second, there is a relationship between low-frequency brain oscillations and the temporal coordination of peripheral and central nervous subsystems. Third, delta oscillations influence neuronal activity by modulating gamma activity. Fourth, external delta and gamma oscillations increase cortical excitability. The article concludes that delta oscillations can modulate gamma oscillations in the different subsystems of the nervous system, providing temporal network coordination. An external low-frequency oscillator can coordinate only relevant local neuronal networks in various subsystems already exhibiting gamma activity.","PeriodicalId":74334,"journal":{"name":"OBM neurobiology","volume":"2010 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134946115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Demographic Factors, COVID-19-related Factors, and PTSD Symptom Clusters: Exploring Associations and Implications for Mental Health","authors":"Anita Padmanabhanunni, Tyrone Pretorius","doi":"10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2303184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2303184","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 pandemic was characterized as a continuous traumatic stressor and associated with high levels of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This study examines the associations between demographic factors, COVID-19-related factors (fear of COVID-19 and perceived stress), and PTSD, as well as the associations between PTSD and indices of mental health. The participants in the study were university students (n = 322) who completed the PTSD Checklist for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual-5 (DSM-5), the Fear of COVID-19 Scale, the Perceived Stress Scale, short forms of the Beck Hopelessness Inventory, the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale, and the trait scale of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. We used multiple regression analyses to determine significant predictors of PTSD and mental health. The results revealed distinctive associations between PTSD symptom clusters and the study’s variables. Perceived stress and fear of COVID-19 emerged as the strongest predictors of all PTSD symptom clusters. Participants who tested positive for COVID-19 reported high levels of intrusive re-experiencing. Age predicted negative alterations in cognition, mood, and hyperarousal. Furthermore, negative alterations in cognition and mood were the most significant predictors of anxiety, depression, and hopelessness, while hyperarousal was a significant predictor of anxiety and depression. The findings suggest that the potential benefits of implementing a rapid assessment of mental health among students at the outset of a disease outbreak can facilitate targeted intervention efforts. In addition, interventions that enhance resilience and coping may serve a protective function in mental health outcomes. Given the central role of maladaptive cognitions in the persistence of PTSD, interventions that focus on enhancing adaptive appraisals may bolster students' capacity to cope with adversity.","PeriodicalId":74334,"journal":{"name":"OBM neurobiology","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135816669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How COVID-19 Ceases All Older Adult Services &amp; the Way Out for Community-Dwelling Older Adults with Chronic Pain","authors":"Mimi Mun Yee Tse, Shamay Sheung Mei Ng, Vivian Lou, Raymond SK Lo, Daphne Sze Ki Cheung, Paul H Lee, Shuk Kwan Tang, Siu Hang Leung, Percy Poo-See Tse","doi":"10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2303183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2303183","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 pandemic started at the beginning of 2020. It significantly impacted the older adults in Hong Kong, with most of the community centers and elderly centers being closed down under various restrictive measures. Thus, community-based health promotion activities were temporarily paused, which decreased older adults’ health-promoting behaviors and motivation to stay active. This research aimed to improve the quality of life and the health of older adults with chronic pain through the pain management program. This study was conducted face-to-face on the campus of Hong Kong Metropolitan University. This dyadic pain management program (DPM) was an 8-week group-based program. The DPM comprised 4 weeks of campus-based activities and 4 weeks of digital-based activities delivered via a WhatsApp group. An 80% participation rate in the campus-based activities was regarded as completing the DPM. The control group only received lesson leaflets. Pain intensity, pain self-efficacy, psychological health of pain victims, caregiver burden inventory, and a semi-structured interview were evaluated at week 1 (T0), week 8 (T1), and week 12 (T2) after randomization. The IBM-SPSS version 22 was used to perform statistical analyses. Using non-pharmacological methods and regular exercise for 12 weeks improved physical health in terms of pain intensity, pain self-efficacy, and psychological health in anxiety, depression, and stress. For caregivers, their burden decreased after the pain management program. These findings indicated that Pender’s Health Promotion Model is helpful to empower the participants and their caregivers with knowledge, skills, and power to manage their chronic pain situations. Utilizing this model as a framework, Researchers can design more effective non-pharmacological interventions for older adults to increase their engagement in health-promoting activities in the community.","PeriodicalId":74334,"journal":{"name":"OBM neurobiology","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135436875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Affinity for Technology Relates to Group Cohesion for New, But Not Existing, Groups","authors":"Marlena R. Fraune, Danielle Langlois, Harrison R. Preusse, Jennifer Rheman, Katrina M. Ling, Katherine M. Tsui","doi":"10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2303182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2303182","url":null,"abstract":"During the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic, governments around the world mandated shutdowns and social distancing, limiting how much people could see other people outside of their household. Because of this, people had negative mental health outcomes, and many people turned to technology to maintain connections and create new ones. In this paper, we examine the relationship between technology, mental health, and group cohesion with existing groups (N = 202) and new groups (N = 74). We surveyed U.S. participants in June 2020, two to three months after the start of mandated social distancing. Results indicated that, as predicted, higher levels of reported group cohesion typically related to better reported mental health; however, the relationship occurred differently for existing groups compared to new groups. Further, higher levels of affinity for technology did not relate to group cohesion for existing groups, but did relate to more perceived cohesion for new groups. Researchers and mental health practitioners can use these results to help people develop a sense of group cohesion with new and existing groups and improve mental health during relative social isolation; technology may be especially beneficial for people to connect with new groups compared to existing groups.","PeriodicalId":74334,"journal":{"name":"OBM neurobiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44912332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Classical and Non-Classical Neural Communications","authors":"W. Winlow, R. Fatemi, A. S. Johnson","doi":"10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2303181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2303181","url":null,"abstract":"This review was constructed to show how the connectome has evolved in motor command systems from simple command elements to complex systems of neurons utilizing parallel distributed processing and the possibility of quantum entanglement between groups of neurons. Scientific and medical interest in neural pathways and their connections have driven neuroscience and brain research for many decades so that specific systems and their feedback loops have been considered in detail. We review motor command systems in invertebrate and vertebrate nervous systems, using PubMed and more generalized searches. We contemplate the attractiveness of the command neuron concept and why it has been largely superseded by parallel distributed processing (PDP) in both vertebrate and invertebrate models. Action potentials, synaptic connectivity and communication within the nervous system are extremely important to understanding basic neurological and physiological functions. However, newer concepts suggest computation within nervous systems may resemble quantum phase computation and that computational action potentials are also quantal. We suggest that a rational form of computation that can operate according to the physiological constraints of neurons and their connectivity is essential in further evaluating neuronal interactions. We also consider recent studies that indicate that quantum entanglement may occur in the human brain. Thus some brain functions may be non-classical, most likely the phenomena of consciousness and self-awareness. The significance of this review is that future studies on motor command should not just consider the connectome but should also consider computational systems within nervous systems and the likelihood of quantum entanglement between groups of neurons not currently indicated by the connectome.","PeriodicalId":74334,"journal":{"name":"OBM neurobiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46787786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of Interpersonal Relationships of Social Network Users Using Explainable Artificial Intelligence Methods","authors":"P. Ustin, F. Gafarov, A. Berdnikov","doi":"10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2303180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2303180","url":null,"abstract":"The emergence of the social networking phenomenon and the sudden spread of the coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) around the world have significantly affected the transformation of the system of interpersonal relations, partly shifting them towards virtual reality. Online social networks have greatly expanded the boundaries of human interpersonal interaction and initiated processes of integration of different cultures. As a result, research into the possibilities of predicting human behavior through the characteristics of virtual communication in social networks has become more relevant. The aim of the study is: to explore the possibilities of machine learning model interpretability methods for interpreting the success of social network users based on their profile data. This paper uses a specific method of explainable artificial intelligence, SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanations), to analyze and interpret trained machine learning models. The research is based on Social Network Analysis (SNA), a modern line of research conducted to understand different aspects of the social network as a whole as well as its individual nodes (users). User accounts on social networks provide detailed information that characterizes a user's personality, interests, and hobbies and reflects their current status. Characteristics of a personal profile also make it possible to identify social graphs - mathematical models reflecting the characteristics of interpersonal relationships of social network users. An important tool for social network analysis is various machine learning algorithms that make different predictions based on sets of characteristics (social network data). However, most of today's powerful machine learning methods are \"black boxes,\" and therefore the challenge of interpreting and explaining their results arises. The study trained RandomForestClassifier and XGBClassifier models and showed the nature and degree of influence of the personal profile metrics of VKontakte social network users and indicators of their interpersonal relationship characteristics (graph metrics).","PeriodicalId":74334,"journal":{"name":"OBM neurobiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44638168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}