OBM geriatrics最新文献_第5页

Differences in Blame-Like and Forgiveness-Like Judgments between Young People, Healthy Older People, and Older People with Dementia 年轻人、健康老年人和老年痴呆症患者的指责和宽恕判断差异

OBM geriatrics Pub Date : 2023-04-03 DOI: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.2302231

Valentin Decroix, E. Fruchart, P. Rulence-Pâques

{"title":"Differences in Blame-Like and Forgiveness-Like Judgments between Young People, Healthy Older People, and Older People with Dementia","authors":"Valentin Decroix, E. Fruchart, P. Rulence-Pâques","doi":"10.21926/obm.geriatr.2302231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21926/obm.geriatr.2302231","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of the present experimental study was to compare how young people, healthy older people, and older people with dementia cognitively integrated three factors (Intention, Consequence, and Apology) when making blame-like judgments (prosecution and revenge) and forgiveness-like judgments (resentment and reconciliation). Thirty-four young people (Mage = 22.12, SD = 3.44), 22 healthy older people (Mage = 71.82, SD = 8.69), and 18 older people with dementia (Mage = 75, SD = 10.06) participated in the study. The participants were confronted with 12 scenarios built by combining the three factors for each moral judgment. Analyses of variance with repeated measures were applied to the study data. Whatever the type of judgment, older people with dementia differed from young people and healthy older people about the number of factors considered. Young people and healthy older people used the three information cues (Intent, Consequence, and Apology) for the four judgment tasks (prosecution, revenge, reconciliation, and resentment). In comparison, older people with dementia gave greater weight to Intention. In contrast to young and healthy older people, older people with dementia processed blame-like and forgiveness-like judgments similarly. The cognitive impairment prevented older people with dementia from differentiating moral judgments into two categories and reduced information integration when making moral judgments. These findings might be useful for clinical practice.","PeriodicalId":74332,"journal":{"name":"OBM geriatrics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49027904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Integration between Geriatric Oncology and Palliative Care: A Single Center Experience for Hospitalized Older Patients with Cancer 老年肿瘤学与姑息治疗的整合:住院老年癌症患者的单一中心体验

OBM geriatrics Pub Date : 2023-03-27 DOI: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.2301230

W. Liguigli, R. Cengarle, A. Rimanti, G. Catania, L. Faglioni, S. Voltolini, C. Rabbi, R. Barbieri, Ilenia Zanardi Di Pietro, Beatrice Vivorio, P. Morselli, C. Iridile, Laura Rigotti, M. Cantore

{"title":"Integration between Geriatric Oncology and Palliative Care: A Single Center Experience for Hospitalized Older Patients with Cancer","authors":"W. Liguigli, R. Cengarle, A. Rimanti, G. Catania, L. Faglioni, S. Voltolini, C. Rabbi, R. Barbieri, Ilenia Zanardi Di Pietro, Beatrice Vivorio, P. Morselli, C. Iridile, Laura Rigotti, M. Cantore","doi":"10.21926/obm.geriatr.2301230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21926/obm.geriatr.2301230","url":null,"abstract":"Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment (CGA) is utilized to plan social and health care of the elderly and to complete the diagnostic-therapeutic choice of oncologist also considering early integration with palliative care. Cancer patients (pts) hospitalized aged ≥70 years were screened by the G8 questionnaire to define if necessary CGA. CGA identified: fit, unfit and frail pts. We screened 95 pts by G8 and 93 (98%) were at risk. Pts at risk, evaluated by CGA resulted: 3 fit, 45 unfit and 45 frail. 3 fit pts received standard medical or surgical therapy. 41 unfit pts (91%) received personalized care and 4 pts got worse quickly and died. The median age was 76 and median score IADL/ADL (Instrumental/Activities Daily Living) was 5. Malnutrition was present in 31% and MMSE (Mini-Mental State Examination) was normal in 62%. Among these 45 pts, 32 died with a median survival of 120 days: 14 at home, 13 in hospice and 5 during hospitalization. Among 45 frail pts, 3 received personalized care and 42 received the Best Supportive Care. The median age was 81 and the median score IADL/ADL was 2. Malnutrition was present in 55%, and MMSE was normal in 22%. Among these 45 pts 40 died with a median survival of 36 days: 12 at home, 24 in hospice, and 4 during hospitalization. Unfit pts have a better functional, cognitive and nutritional status than frail pts. Early integration between geriatric oncology and palliative care represents the possibility of create a personalized care pathway especially for frail pts.","PeriodicalId":74332,"journal":{"name":"OBM geriatrics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45041846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An Interview with Dr. Terry Fulmer 特里·富尔默博士访谈录

OBM geriatrics Pub Date : 2023-03-23 DOI: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.2301229

Obm Geriatrics Editorial Office

引用次数: 0

Evolution of Psychosomatic Diagnosis: From Masked Depression to Somatic Symptoms and Related Disorders 心身诊断的演变：从隐性抑郁症到躯体症状及相关疾病

OBM geriatrics Pub Date : 2023-03-22 DOI: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.2301228

V. Prisco, Bernadette Donnarumma, L. Prisco

{"title":"Evolution of Psychosomatic Diagnosis: From Masked Depression to Somatic Symptoms and Related Disorders","authors":"V. Prisco, Bernadette Donnarumma, L. Prisco","doi":"10.21926/obm.geriatr.2301228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21926/obm.geriatr.2301228","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses the history and the concept of somatization from masked depression to somatic symptoms and related disorders in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM). Evaluating the evolution of these terms and concepts along the time course is very interesting. DSM 5 revision was intended to increase the relevance of these concepts in the primary care setting. “Masked depression” is a form of depression in which somatic symptoms or behavioral disturbances dominate the clinical picture. Primary care physicians often treat patients who show somatic symptoms without a biological substrate. These patients may receive unnecessary or invasive tests and procedures. An accurate psychiatric screening is essential to diagnose somatic symptoms disorder. As a result, it is very useful to establish a strong therapeutic alliance, and acknowledge and legitimize the patient’s symptoms. Cognitive behavioral therapy, mindfulness-based therapy, and pharmacotherapy are evidence-based therapies. In particular, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and tricyclic antidepressants have effectively alleviated somatic symptoms when there is a hidden psychological substrate.","PeriodicalId":74332,"journal":{"name":"OBM geriatrics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44372201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Opportunity for Quality Malnutrition Care to Improve Rural Health Outcomes and Health Equity for Older Americans 优质营养不良护理改善美国老年人农村健康结果和健康公平的机会

OBM geriatrics Pub Date : 2023-03-10 DOI: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.2301227

Suzanne Fleming, M. Arensberg, K. Kerr, R. Blancato

{"title":"The Opportunity for Quality Malnutrition Care to Improve Rural Health Outcomes and Health Equity for Older Americans","authors":"Suzanne Fleming, M. Arensberg, K. Kerr, R. Blancato","doi":"10.21926/obm.geriatr.2301227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21926/obm.geriatr.2301227","url":null,"abstract":"Older adults have a heightened risk of malnutrition that occurs with age. Many factors can increase their risk for malnutrition, including factors associated with disease, function, social and mental health, and hunger and food insecurity. Risk for malnutrition is also linked to disparities and may disproportionately impact people living in rural areas. This Perspective paper outlines the issue of malnutrition and its impact on health outcomes and health disparities as well as summarizes existing evidence on malnutrition in rural healthcare institutions. Further it describes opportunities for malnutrition quality improvement and a new malnutrition quality measure, the Global Malnutrition Composite Score measure, that has recently been recommended by the National Quality Forum as a health equity measure for rural healthcare. The Perspective also suggests how this measure may help meet new health equity requirements of the Joint Commission and may help address needs identified in non-profit hospital community health needs assessments. The Perspective identifies resources for malnutrition quality improvement and the Composite measure, and shares key learnings from McPherson Hospital, a rural institution that has worked to improve malnutrition quality care. Finally, the Perspective suggests opportunities for rural healthcare institutions to better connect with community-based nutrition programs/services and recommends where more program development and policy support is still needed.","PeriodicalId":74332,"journal":{"name":"OBM geriatrics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42509627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Ageing: Longevity, Successful and Positive 衰老：长寿、成功和积极

OBM geriatrics Pub Date : 2023-03-07 DOI: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.2301225

D. Smithard

引用次数: 0

Do Antioxidants Extend Longevity in Invertebrate and Vertebrate Animals? 抗氧化剂能延长无脊椎和脊椎动物的寿命吗?

OBM geriatrics Pub Date : 2023-03-07 DOI: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.2301226

Sami Badwan, Elizabeth Bailey, J. Harper

{"title":"Do Antioxidants Extend Longevity in Invertebrate and Vertebrate Animals?","authors":"Sami Badwan, Elizabeth Bailey, J. Harper","doi":"10.21926/obm.geriatr.2301226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21926/obm.geriatr.2301226","url":null,"abstract":"In the 1950’s Denham Harman proposed the Free Radical Theory of Aging whereby species lifespan and individual longevities are the consequence of free radical driven damage to biomolecules. This led to decades of research to ascertain the effect of altered antioxidant defense systems on aging and mortality in an array of species using reverse genetics and dietary manipulation. Within invertebrates, the data generally support the Free Radical Theory in that overexpression of antioxidant enzymes or dietary supplementation with antioxidant compounds increases longevity and resistance to oxidative damage. Likewise, genetic knockdown of antioxidant defenses generally shortens longevity within invertebrates. On the other hand, for endothermic vertebrates (i.e., birds and mammals) the results have been equivocal. Downregulation of antioxidant enzymes typically results in an increased oxidative burden, but without an appreciable effect on longevity, while dietary supplementation with antioxidants has little-to-no effect, at least at the concentrations used. Upregulation of antioxidant enzyme genes also fails to increase longevity in vertebrates most of the time. Interestingly, manipulating antioxidant defenses in fishes increases longevity in conjunction with reduced oxidative damage akin to what is seen in invertebrates. Since invertebrates and fishes are both exothermic this raises the possibility that the evolution of endothermy interferes with the ability of antioxidants to slow the aging process.","PeriodicalId":74332,"journal":{"name":"OBM geriatrics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47160124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Review of the Nutritional Status in Older Adult Population 老年人营养状况综述

OBM geriatrics Pub Date : 2023-02-27 DOI: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.2301224

J. A. Latorre, Cristobal Abellan, Alejandro López-Moro, Nuria Gimenez-Blasi, Javier Conde-Pipó, M. Mariscal-Arcas

{"title":"Review of the Nutritional Status in Older Adult Population","authors":"J. A. Latorre, Cristobal Abellan, Alejandro López-Moro, Nuria Gimenez-Blasi, Javier Conde-Pipó, M. Mariscal-Arcas","doi":"10.21926/obm.geriatr.2301224","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21926/obm.geriatr.2301224","url":null,"abstract":"The leading causes of death in older adults involve nutritional risk factors, heart disease, cancer, stroke and diabetes. Prevalence of lifestyle diseases, older adults consider themselves in good, very good or excellent health. Older adults want to remain independent and not burden others; they believe proper nutrition and sufficient exercise will help them maintain their autonomy and independence. To describe the diet, nutrition and general health status of the older adult population in Spain and their adherence to the traditional MD. A bibliographic search was performed in the following databases: PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar for original research articles, clinical trials, and observational studies published in the last 10 yrs. The articles were selected using filters and eligibility criteria. Many articles were found, and through applying the selection criteria, 21 articles were chosen for a full review. Older adults present a multitude of pathologies that are treated with drugs that with the help of an optimal diet would promote a better quality of life. Cognitive deterioration leads older adults to suffer a great loss of quality of life and must be alleviated in the best way possible. Most people meet dietary needs, but high body mass indexes are obtained. MD is a reference and a technique put into practice by this part of the population that is developed in most of life and helps them to have better aging.","PeriodicalId":74332,"journal":{"name":"OBM geriatrics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48386985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Relationship between Rem Sleep Behaviour Disorder and Parkinson’s Disease Revisited – Are They One and the Same? 重新审视Rem睡眠行为障碍与帕金森病之间的关系——它们是一回事吗?

OBM geriatrics Pub Date : 2023-02-13 DOI: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.2301223

R. Beran

{"title":"The Relationship between Rem Sleep Behaviour Disorder and Parkinson’s Disease Revisited – Are They One and the Same?","authors":"R. Beran","doi":"10.21926/obm.geriatr.2301223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21926/obm.geriatr.2301223","url":null,"abstract":"This paper reviews the relationship between RBD and PD and the pathophysiology. Most RBD patients develop PD within 14 years. PD pathophysiology is α-synucleinopathy with dopamine degeneration in nigrostriatal pathways. RBD pathology is poorly understood. Anomalies suggest RBD and PD are different, evidenced by smoking. RBD and PD are associated with glucocerebrosidase gene mutations (GBA gene), suggesting RDB with GBA gene mutation predicts PD. PET imaging, assessing vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2), indexing nigrostriatal dopamine innervation, is lower in PD and RBD, in the putamen, ventral striatum and globus pallidus but not substantia nigra or subthalamus, compared with controls. VMAT2 may not contribute to pathophysiology of RBD in PD. Treatments for RBD and PD differ. PD with RBD had more depression, compared to PD without RBD. Only PD with RBD had statistically significant increased depression, compared with controls, and non-significant lowered cognition. PD patients, with and without RBD, had decreased ligand binding, compared to healthy controls, indicating no difference in VMAT2 within the caudate and putamen. Research showed differences in cholinergic levels, noradrenaline and glucose metabolism for PD with and without RBD. RBD with PD, is multi-systematic, affecting regions beyond dopaminergic pathways. Treatment of RBD does not affects PD neurodegeneration. Researchers continue to search for neuro-protective intervention. There is a relationship between PD and RBD but it is not absolute. PD nigrostriatal degeneration is independent of RBD. Pathophysiological differences may explain why treatment of RBD does not alter its natural history.","PeriodicalId":74332,"journal":{"name":"OBM geriatrics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49094700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Improving Confidence in Dementia Care by Helping Care Staff Articulate Skills They Already Possess: The Value of the Communication and Interaction Training (CAIT) Programme 通过帮助护理人员表达他们已经掌握的技能来提高对痴呆症护理的信心：沟通与互动培训（CAIT）计划的价值

OBM geriatrics Pub Date : 2023-01-18 DOI: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.2301222

K. Reichelt, Ewan James, Daniel Thompson, Shaun Tanney

{"title":"Improving Confidence in Dementia Care by Helping Care Staff Articulate Skills They Already Possess: The Value of the Communication and Interaction Training (CAIT) Programme","authors":"K. Reichelt, Ewan James, Daniel Thompson, Shaun Tanney","doi":"10.21926/obm.geriatr.2301222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21926/obm.geriatr.2301222","url":null,"abstract":"This article discusses the findings from a training programme called ‘Communication and Interaction Training’ (CAIT). CAIT was designed to improve the confidence of carers in their use of communication skills with people living with dementia, particularly when managing behavioural agitation. This pre/post assessment study employed a mixed design, and showed positive effects in terms of quantitative and qualitative features. The participants were mainly from a specialist team who were experienced in managing episodes of agitation in care home settings. Twenty-three staff were assessed on the Confidence in Dementia Scale (CODE), which is a measure for assessing carers’ confidence in communicating with people living with dementia. The findings showed increased levels of confidence in communicating and interacting with people with dementia following the training. The qualitative findings showed improvements in participants’ abilities to articulate their communication strategies (i.e. higher degrees of specificity in their communication skills), indicative of improved dementia ‘literacy’ regarding their interventions. As a consequence of such improvements, it is suggested that greater confidence and literacy would lead to the delivery of better care due to enhanced self-awareness of good practices, and enhanced communication skills both within the staff group and between staff and residents.","PeriodicalId":74332,"journal":{"name":"OBM geriatrics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45309652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0