Npj mental health research最新文献

{"title":"Associations between symptoms of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, socioeconomic status and asthma in children","authors":"Makiko Omura, Samuele Cortese, Marion Bailhache, Marie C. Navarro, Maria Melchior, Judith van der Waerden, Barbara Heude, Blandine de Lauzon-Guillain, Cédric Galera","doi":"10.1038/s44184-024-00064-z","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44184-024-00064-z","url":null,"abstract":"Socioeconomic status (SES) influences the risk of both physical diseases, such as asthma, and neurodevelopmental conditions, including attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Using Causal Mediation Analysis on French birth-cohort data, we found a causal pathway from SES to ADHD symptoms, in part mediated by asthma. An increase in family income at age 3 by one unit resulted in lower ADHD symptoms at age 5, by −0.37 [95% CI: −0.50, −0.24] SDQ-score-points, with additional −0.04 [95% CI: −0.08, −0.01] points reduction indirectly via asthma at age 3, both with statistical significance. Importantly, family income at age 3 exerted both direct and indirect (via asthma) negative effects on later ADHD symptoms with much higher magnitudes for the direct effect. Our findings underscore the importance of apprehending ADHD symptoms in the broader context of socioeconomic disparities, along with their comorbidities with asthma, potentially influencing public health interventions and clinical practice in managing ADHD.","PeriodicalId":74321,"journal":{"name":"Npj mental health research","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s44184-024-00064-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140556429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Are there distinct levels of language comprehension in autistic individuals – cluster analysis","authors":"Andrey Vyshedskiy, Rohan Venkatesh, Edward Khokhlovich","doi":"10.1038/s44184-024-00062-1","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44184-024-00062-1","url":null,"abstract":"Autism is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by deficits in social communication. We assessed 14-language comprehension abilities in 31,845 autistic individuals 4 to 21 years of age using parent-generated reports. Data-driven cluster analysis identified three distinct levels of language comprehension: (1) individuals in the command-language-phenotype were limited to comprehension of simple commands; (2) individuals in the modifier-language-phenotype showed additional comprehension of color, size, and number modifiers; 3) individuals in the most-advanced syntactic-language-phenotype added comprehension of spatial prepositions, verb tenses, flexible syntax, possessive pronouns, and complex narratives. The observation of three distinct language levels was consistent across different age groups. Autistic individuals’ communication level is currently commonly characterized as nonverbal, minimally-verbal, or verbal. This one-dimensional description is not ideal for characterizing an individual’s communication ability. In fact, a nonverbal individual with syntactic-language-phenotype may have normal ability to communicate albeit nonverbally, while a verbal person with command-language-phenotype does not have a normal ability to communicate by any means. Identification of the three distinct language-comprehension-phenotypes provides an opportunity to enhance characterization of individuals’ communication level. A composite description in terms of both, verbal abilities and a language-comprehension-level, will not only be more precise, but can improve language therapy by focusing it on both aspects of language development.","PeriodicalId":74321,"journal":{"name":"Npj mental health research","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s44184-024-00062-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140544590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Post-traumatic stress disorder during the Covid-19 pandemic: a national, population-representative, longitudinal study of U.S. adults","authors":"Salma M. Abdalla, Catherine K. Ettman, Samuel B. Rosenberg, Ruochen Wang, Gregory H. Cohen, Sandro Galea","doi":"10.1038/s44184-024-00059-w","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44184-024-00059-w","url":null,"abstract":"Substantial literature documents the impact of mass traumatic events on post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in populations. However, the trajectory of PTSD in the US population during the pandemic and the association between assets, Covid-19 related stressors, and PTSD over time remains unclear. The Covid-19 and Life Stressors Impact on Mental Health and Well-Being (CLIMB) is a nationally representative, longitudinal panel of US adults in Spring 2020 (N = 1270), 2021 (N = 1182), and 2022 (N = 1091). Using the four-item PC-PTSD-4, we assessed the prevalence of probable PTSD in the US population over three years. Using generalized estimating equations (GEE) and logistic regression at each wave, we estimated associations of demographics, assets, and stressors with probable PTSD. Here we report that the overall prevalence of PTSD decreases from 22.2% in 2020 to 16.8% in 2022 (p = 0.02). Persons with household incomes below $20,000 report higher prevalence of probable PTSD compared to other income groups. The GEE model shows higher odds of probable PTSD among persons with household incomes below $20,000 (OR = 2.17 (95%CI: 1.35,3.50)) relative to $75,000 or more; and high stressor scores (OR = 2.33 (95%CI: 1.72,3.15)) compared to low stressor scores. High stressor scores are associated with higher odds of probable PTSD in 2020 (OR = 2.69 (95%CI: 1.56,4.66)), 2021 (OR = 4.58 (95%CI: 2.52,8.30)), and 2022 (OR = 3.89 (95%CI: 2.05,7.38)) compared to low stressor scores. This analysis highlights the pandemic’s prolonged influence on population mental health, particularly among persons with fewer economic assets and those experiencing more pandemic-related stressors. Reducing mental health disparities requires interventions to address inequities.","PeriodicalId":74321,"journal":{"name":"Npj mental health research","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s44184-024-00059-w.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140544626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Large language models could change the future of behavioral healthcare: a proposal for responsible development and evaluation","authors":"Elizabeth C. Stade, Shannon Wiltsey Stirman, Lyle H. Ungar, Cody L. Boland, H. Andrew Schwartz, David B. Yaden, João Sedoc, Robert J. DeRubeis, Robb Willer, Johannes C. Eichstaedt","doi":"10.1038/s44184-024-00056-z","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44184-024-00056-z","url":null,"abstract":"Large language models (LLMs) such as Open AI’s GPT-4 (which power ChatGPT) and Google’s Gemini, built on artificial intelligence, hold immense potential to support, augment, or even eventually automate psychotherapy. Enthusiasm about such applications is mounting in the field as well as industry. These developments promise to address insufficient mental healthcare system capacity and scale individual access to personalized treatments. However, clinical psychology is an uncommonly high stakes application domain for AI systems, as responsible and evidence-based therapy requires nuanced expertise. This paper provides a roadmap for the ambitious yet responsible application of clinical LLMs in psychotherapy. First, a technical overview of clinical LLMs is presented. Second, the stages of integration of LLMs into psychotherapy are discussed while highlighting parallels to the development of autonomous vehicle technology. Third, potential applications of LLMs in clinical care, training, and research are discussed, highlighting areas of risk given the complex nature of psychotherapy. Fourth, recommendations for the responsible development and evaluation of clinical LLMs are provided, which include centering clinical science, involving robust interdisciplinary collaboration, and attending to issues like assessment, risk detection, transparency, and bias. Lastly, a vision is outlined for how LLMs might enable a new generation of studies of evidence-based interventions at scale, and how these studies may challenge assumptions about psychotherapy.","PeriodicalId":74321,"journal":{"name":"Npj mental health research","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s44184-024-00056-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140340520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of mindfulness apps on psychological processes of change: a systematic review","authors":"Natalia Macrynikola, Zareen Mir, Tishmattie Gopal, Erica Rodriguez, Sunnie Li, Milann Cox, Gloria Yeh, John Torous","doi":"10.1038/s44184-023-00048-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44184-023-00048-5","url":null,"abstract":"Mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) have demonstrated therapeutic efficacy for various psychological conditions, and smartphone apps that facilitate mindfulness practice can enhance the reach and impact of MBIs. The goal of this review was to summarize the published evidence on the impact of mindfulness apps on the psychological processes known to mediate transdiagnostic symptom reduction after mindfulness practice. A literature search from January 1, 1993, to August 7, 2023 was conducted on three databases, and 28 randomized controlled trials involving 5963 adults were included. Across these 28 studies, 67 outcome comparisons were made between a mindfulness app group and a control group. Between-group effects tended to favor the mindfulness app group over the control group in three psychological process domains: repetitive negative thinking, attention regulation, and decentering/defusion. Findings were mixed in other domains (i.e., awareness, nonreactivity, non-judgment, positive affect, and acceptance). The range of populations examined, methodological concerns across studies, and problems with sustained app engagement likely contributed to mixed findings. However, effect sizes tended to be moderate to large when effects were found, and gains tended to persist at follow-up assessments two to six months later. More research is needed to better understand the impact of these apps on psychological processes of change. Clinicians interested in integrating apps into care should consider app-related factors beyond evidence of a clinical foundation and use app databases to identify suitable apps for their patients, as highlighted at the end of this review.","PeriodicalId":74321,"journal":{"name":"Npj mental health research","volume":" ","pages":"1-16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s44184-023-00048-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140145881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mental health and psychosocial interventions in the context of climate change: a scoping review","authors":"Siqi Xue, Alessandro Massazza, Samia C. Akhter-Khan, Britt Wray, M. Ishrat Husain, Emma L. Lawrance","doi":"10.1038/s44184-024-00054-1","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44184-024-00054-1","url":null,"abstract":"The evidence on the impacts of climate change on mental health and wellbeing is growing rapidly. The objective of this scoping review is to understand the extent and type of existing mental health and psychosocial interventions aimed at addressing the mental health and psychosocial impacts of climate change. A scoping review methodology was followed. MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and Web of Science databases were searched from inception to May 2022. Comprehensive gray literature search, including expert consultation, was conducted to identify interventions for which peer-reviewed academic literature may not yet be available. Data on intervention type, setting, climate stressor, mental health outcome, evaluation, and any other available details were extracted, and results were summarized narratively. Academic literature search identified 16 records and gray literature search identified a further 24 records. Altogether, 37 unique interventions or packages of interventions were identified. The interventions act at the levels of microsystem, mesosystem, exosystem, and macrosystem through diverse mechanisms. While most interventions have not been formally evaluated, promising preliminary results support interventions in low- and middle-income-country settings disproportionately affected by climate disasters. Interventions from multidisciplinary fields are emerging to reduce psychological distress and enhance mental health and wellbeing in the context of climate change. This scoping review details existing evidence on the interventions and summarizes intervention gaps and lessons learned to inform continued intervention development and scale-up interventions.","PeriodicalId":74321,"journal":{"name":"Npj mental health research","volume":" ","pages":"1-18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s44184-024-00054-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140104562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mental health outcomes, literacy and service provision in low- and middle-income settings: a systematic review of the Democratic Republic of the Congo","authors":"Kayonda Hubert Ngamaba, Laddy Sedzo Lombo, Israël Kenda Makopa, Martin Webber, Jack M. Liuta, Joule Ntwan Madinga, Samuel Ma Miezi Mampunza, Cheyann Heap","doi":"10.1038/s44184-023-00051-w","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44184-023-00051-w","url":null,"abstract":"In the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), the prevalence of mental health issues could be greater than in other low-income and middle-income countries because of major risk factors related to armed conflicts and poverty. Given that mental health is an essential component of health, it is surprising that no systematic evaluation of mental health in the DRC has yet been undertaken. This study aims to undertake the first systematic review of mental health literacy and service provision in the DRC, to bridge this gap and inform those who need to develop an evidence base. This could support policymakers in tackling the issues related to limited mental health systems and service provision in DRC. Following Cochrane and PRISMA guidelines, a systematic (Web of Science, Medline, Public Health, PsycINFO, and Google Scholar) search was conducted (January 2000 and August 2023). Combinations of key blocks of terms were used in the search such as DRC, war zone, mental health, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxiety, depression, sexual violence, war trauma, resilience, mental health systems and service provision. We followed additional sources from reference lists of included studies. Screening was completed in two stages: title and abstract search, and full-text screening for relevance and quality. Overall, 50 studies were included in the review; the majority of studies (n = 31) were conducted in the Eastern region of the DRC, a region devastated by war and sexual violence. Different instruments were used to measure participants’ mental health such as the Hopkins Symptoms Checklist (HSCL-25), The Harvard Trauma Questionnaire, Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9); General Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7), and Positive and Negative Symptoms Scale (PANSS). Our study found that wartime sexual violence and extreme poverty are highly traumatic, and cause multiple, long-term mental health difficulties. We found that depression, anxiety, and PTSD were the most common problems in the DRC. Psychosocial interventions such as group therapy, family support, and socio-economic support were effective in reducing anxiety, depression, and PTSD symptoms. This systematic review calls attention to the need to support sexual violence survivors and many other Congolese people affected by traumatic events. This review also highlights the need for validating culturally appropriate measures, and the need for well-designed controlled intervention studies in low-income settings such as the DRC. Better public mental health systems and service provision could help to improve community cohesion, human resilience, and mental wellbeing. There is also an urgent need to address wider social issues such as poverty, stigma, and gender inequality in the DRC.","PeriodicalId":74321,"journal":{"name":"Npj mental health research","volume":" ","pages":"1-16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s44184-023-00051-w.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140043197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of trauma exposure and depression comorbidity on response to transdiagnostic behavioral therapy for pediatric anxiety and depression","authors":"Felix Angulo, Pauline Goger, David A. Brent, Michelle Rozenman, Araceli Gonzalez, Karen T. G. Schwartz, Giovanna Porta, Frances L. Lynch, John F. Dickerson, V. Robin Weersing","doi":"10.1038/s44184-023-00049-4","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44184-023-00049-4","url":null,"abstract":"By adolescence, two-thirds of youth report exposure to at least one traumatic event, yet the impact of trauma history is not routinely considered when evaluating the effect of psychotherapeutic interventions. Trauma may be a particularly important moderator of the effects of transdiagnostic therapies for emotional disorders, as trauma exposure is associated with risk for the development of comorbid depression and anxiety. The current study examined the history of trauma exposure and the presence of clinically significant depression as moderators of treatment outcomes in the Brief Behavioral Therapy (BBT) trial, the largest study of transdiagnostic psychotherapy for youth. Youths (age 8–16 years) were randomized to BBT (n = 89) based in pediatric primary care or assisted referral to outpatient community care (ARC; n = 86). Clinical response, functioning, anxiety symptoms, and depression symptoms were assessed at post-treatment (Week 16) and at follow-up (Week 32). A significant three-way interaction emerged between the treatment group, comorbid depression, and trauma exposure. BBT was broadly effective for 3/4 of the sample, but, for anxious-depressed youth with trauma exposure, BBT never significantly separated from ARC. Differences in outcome were not accounted for by other participant characteristics or by therapist-rated measures of alliance, youth engagement, or homework completion. Implications for models of learning and for intervention theory and development are discussed.","PeriodicalId":74321,"journal":{"name":"Npj mental health research","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s44184-023-00049-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139976625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of psilocybin on empathy and prosocial behavior: a proposed mechanism for enduring antidepressant effects","authors":"Kush V. Bhatt, Cory R. Weissman","doi":"10.1038/s44184-023-00053-8","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44184-023-00053-8","url":null,"abstract":"Psilocybin is a serotonergic psychedelic shown to have enduring antidepressant effects. Currently, the mechanism for its enduring effects is not well understood. Empathy and prosocial behavior may be important for understanding the therapeutic benefit of psilocybin. In this article we review the effect of psilocybin on empathy and prosocial behavior. Moreover, we propose that psilocybin may induce a positive feedback loop involving empathy and prosocial behavior which helps explain the observed, enduring antidepressant effects.","PeriodicalId":74321,"journal":{"name":"Npj mental health research","volume":" ","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s44184-023-00053-8.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139908935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Author Correction: Loneliness and suicide mitigation for students using GPT3-enabled chatbots","authors":"Bethanie Maples, Merve Cerit, Aditya Vishwanath, Roy Pea","doi":"10.1038/s44184-024-00055-0","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44184-024-00055-0","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":74321,"journal":{"name":"Npj mental health research","volume":" ","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s44184-024-00055-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139739312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}