Powder Metallurgy and Metal Ceramics最新文献

{"title":"Microstructural Refinement and Functional Property Enhancement in Al Matrix Nanocomposites Via Reactive Milling of Al–WO3 Powders","authors":"Emad M. Ahmed","doi":"10.1007/s11106-026-00528-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11106-026-00528-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Aluminum-based metal matrix composites (MMCs) are widely recognized for their superior mechanical and electrical properties, making them suitable for advanced engineering applications. In this study, nanocomposites were synthesized from Al and 20 wt.% WO₃ powder mixtures using powder metallurgy techniques. High-energy ball milling (HEBM) was employed for varying durations, followed by compaction and sintering at 600°C under an argon atmosphere. During processing, WO₃ underwent in situ chemical transformations, leading to the formation of tungsten (W), tungsten aluminide (WAl₁₂), and nanostructured aluminum oxide (Al₂O₃). Structural characterization via X-ray diffraction (XRD) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) confirmed the presence and distribution of these phases. Rietveld refinement revealed that W nanoparticles constituted approximately 10 wt.%, while WAl₁₂ reached up to 7 wt.% after 30 hours of milling. The uniformly dispersed Al₂O₃ phase contributed to enhanced composite performance. Extending the milling time to 40 hours significantly improved mechanical and electrical properties, with hardness increasing from 31 HV to 157 HV and electrical resistivity decreasing from 186 μΩ · m to 40 μΩ · m. These results underscore the critical role of in situ phase formation and nanoscale phase distribution in optimizing the functional properties of Al-based nanocomposites.</p>","PeriodicalId":742,"journal":{"name":"Powder Metallurgy and Metal Ceramics","volume":"64 5-6","pages":"335 - 343"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147560595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structure and Properties of Metal Matrix Composites Produced from an 85% Ti + 15% Al Powder Mixture Treated by High-Voltage Electrical Discharge in a Hydrocarbon Liquid","authors":"R. Kandrotaite Janutiene,&nbsp;O. M. Syzonenko,&nbsp;A. S. Torpakov,&nbsp;M. S. Prystash,&nbsp;T. O. Makrukha","doi":"10.1007/s11106-026-00525-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11106-026-00525-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Powder composites of the Ti–Al–C system possess high performance characteristics, such as strength and wear resistance, making them suitable for applications in mechanical engineering and the aerospace industry. Physical methods of powder preparation and consolidation, particularly those involving high-voltage electrical discharge and spark plasma sintering, allow the properties of such composites to be improved. This paper examines the influence of high-voltage electrical discharge parameters applied to an 85% Ti + 15% Al powder mixture in a hydrocarbon liquid on the phase composition and mechanical properties of composites produced by spark plasma sintering. High-voltage electrical discharge treatment reduced the average particle size from 20 μm to ~6 μm and simultaneously increased the content of particles smaller than 1 μm to approximately 20%. Furthermore, high-voltage electrical discharge treatment followed by spark plasma sintering enabled the production of composites reinforced with TiC, Ti₂AlC, and Ti₃AlC₂ particles. The metal matrix composites exhibited high mechanical properties: hardness and wear resistance. The highest hardness (HV5 = 4 GPa) among the tested samples was observed in the composites produced from the powder treated at a specific energy input of 10 MJ/kg in ethanol. The absolute wear rate of the composite sample produced from the powder treated in ethanol at 20 MJ/kg was 0.022 g/km, while the relative wear rate was 1.4%/km over a distance of 5 km. For the composite produced from the powder treated in kerosene at 10 MJ/kg, the absolute wear rate was 0.008 g/km and the relative one was 0.68%/km. The samples demonstrated enhanced oxidation resistance, which is attributed to the synthesis of Ti₂AlC and Ti₃AlC₂ MAX phases and titanium carbide within the composite during high-voltage electrical discharge treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":742,"journal":{"name":"Powder Metallurgy and Metal Ceramics","volume":"64 5-6","pages":"300 - 311"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147560123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Structural Refinement on the Mechanical Properties of Fe–28 Al Intermetallic Alloy Produced by Direct Powder Forging II. Influence of Powder Grinding on the Structurization and Mechanical Behavior of Fe–28 Al Iron Aluminide Over a Wide Temperature Range","authors":"O. I. Tolochyn,&nbsp;O. V. Tolochyna,&nbsp;G. A. Bagliuk,&nbsp;Ya.I. Yevych,&nbsp;M. I. Danylenko,&nbsp;I. Yu. Okun,&nbsp;Yu.M. Podrezov","doi":"10.1007/s11106-026-00522-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11106-026-00522-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The structure and mechanical properties of the Fe–28 at.% Al alloy produced from ground and unground elemental powders by hot forging were subjected to comparative analysis. Powder grinding was found to be advisable in direct powder forging processes. After forging at 1100°C, the samples from ground powders were nearly nonporous. Additional annealing at 1300°C promoted the removal of impurity segregations from interparticle boundaries and led to fine oxide particles, contributing to precipitation strengthening. Following thermomechanical treatment, the low-temperature strength and fracture toughness of the samples from ground powders were approximately 30% higher than those from unground powders. This was attributed to the reduction in the effective grain size and the specific lamellar structure, which inhibits crack propagation. Importantly, the lamellas showed no tendency toward delamination along their length. Compression tests over the range 20–700°C demonstrated a significant increase in the yield stress at all temperatures, which is explained by grain refinement and the strengthening effect of second-phase particles. Specifically, at 700°C, the yield stress of the samples from ground powders was σ_0.2 = = 259 MPa, exceeding that of the samples from unground powders. The steady-state creep rate at 650°C under a load of 120 MPa in the samples from ground powders was approximately half that of the samples from unground powders and one-fourth that of the sintered samples.</p>","PeriodicalId":742,"journal":{"name":"Powder Metallurgy and Metal Ceramics","volume":"64 5-6","pages":"263 - 275"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147560186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metal Injection Molding for Net Shape Manufacturing of Nickel and Titanium Alloy Parts","authors":"O. M. Ivasishin,&nbsp;D. G. Savvakin,&nbsp;B. Kronowetter,&nbsp;A. M. Lakhnik,&nbsp;Yu. I. Torba,&nbsp;V. G. Manzhos","doi":"10.1007/s11106-026-00523-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11106-026-00523-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The application of metal injection molding for producing complex-shaped components from the Inconel 718 nickel alloy and titanium alloys (Ti–6Al–4V, Ti–3Al–2V) was studied. The research used both spherical doped powders and mixtures of irregular powder particles. The objective was to solve the following primary challenges: prevent the failure of parts during organic binder removal prior to sintering and impart the required geometry to the final sintered components, along with a lowporous structure. Various engineering strategies were systematically evaluated, including the use of support structures of different designs for sintering, specialized substrates with antiadhesive coatings, horizontal or vertical orientation of parts, and incorporation of reinforcing ribs directly into the parts. The experimental results showed that external support systems were ineffective in preventing damage caused by shrinkage, which led to cracking and failure of the parts. Moreover, adhesion between the parts and support structures caused defects, resulting in shape distortion, reduced product quality, and surface contamination. The most optimal solution was to integrate reinforcing ribs directly into the parts. These ribs could be easily removed in post-sintering finishing operations and eliminated the need for external supports. This approach enabled crack-free sintering without distortion of the final part geometry. Powder coatings based on yttrium oxide (Y₂O₃) provided effective antiadhesive properties. Microstructural analysis of the sintered materials confirmed the production of dense, homogeneous alloys with average grain sizes of 30–60 μm (Inconel 718) and 100–150 μm (titanium alloys). The developed methodology allowed the successful fabrication of turbine blade prototypes with the required surface quality.</p>","PeriodicalId":742,"journal":{"name":"Powder Metallurgy and Metal Ceramics","volume":"64 5-6","pages":"276 - 288"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147560187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"2D MoS2–xSex (0 ≤ x ≤ 2) Solid Solutions: Structural Properties","authors":"L. M. Kulikov,&nbsp;N. B. Konih-Ettel,&nbsp;L. G. Akselrud","doi":"10.1007/s11106-026-00521-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11106-026-00521-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Nanocrystalline substitutional solid solutions of molybdenum dichalcogenides, 2D MoS_2–xSe_x (0 ≤ x ≤ 2), were synthesized by chemical vapor deposition. X-ray diffraction studies established that they had homogeneous chemical composition and a uniform layered structure (2H-MoS₂), consisted of nanostructures (2D, few-layer nanosheets), and did not contain impurities of foreign phases, including X-ray amorphous ones, and other nanostructures or microsized particles. The average sizes of anisotropic 2D MoS_2–xSe_x (x = 0, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 1.75, and 2) nanoparticles were determined in the crystallographic [013] and [110] directions: d_[013] = 2.9(2)–60.5(4) nm and d_[110] = 10.4(6)–126(8) nm, respectively. Data on the averaged 2D MoS_2–xSe_x (0 ≤ x ≤ 2) atomic structure indicated that homogeneity existed over the entire composition range. The average sizes of 2D MoS_2–xSe_x (0 ≤ x ≤ 2) nanoparticles, lattice parameters a and c, and unit cell volumes V correlated with the chemical composition of the solid solutions with a statistical distribution of S and Se atoms. The parameters a, c, and V increased linearly with the Se content in 2D MoS_2–xSe_x (0 ≤ x ≤ 2) nanostructures according to Vegard’s rule. The electron microscopy results indicated that 2D MoS_2–xSe_x (0 ≤ x ≤ 2) nanoparticles had well-defined outlines (as triangles or hexagons). Their morphology qualitatively depended on the composition and, consequently, on the state of S–Se solution–melt and pressures of chalcogens in the vapor phase in chemical vapor deposition. The research findings can serve as a basis for developing competitive laboratory nanotechnologies for producing nanocrystalline (few-layer nanosheets) 2D MoS_2–xSe_x (0 ≤ x ≤ 2) substitutional solid solutions and studying their structural properties as components of interdisciplinary studies aimed at developing new multifunctional 2D nanomaterials.</p>","PeriodicalId":742,"journal":{"name":"Powder Metallurgy and Metal Ceramics","volume":"64 3-4","pages":"252 - 262"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146045582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nanoceramic of Co0.5Mn0.5Fe2O4 Doped with La-Ion for Industrial Wastewater Treatment Application","authors":"Ahmed El-Tantawy,&nbsp;Mahmoud Rasmy,&nbsp;Omayma A. El-kady,&nbsp;Ahmed I. Ali,&nbsp;Jong Yeog Son,&nbsp;R. Abd-ElHameed,&nbsp;Nasser M. Ayoub,&nbsp;Galal H. Ramzy","doi":"10.1007/s11106-026-00515-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11106-026-00515-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study investigates the effect of varying La-ion content on the structural, magnetic, dielectric, and adsorption isotherms of Co_0.5Mn_0.5Fe₂O₄ for industrial wastewater treatment. Nanoparticles of La_xCo_0.5–xMn_0.5Fe₂O₄ (x = 0, 0.005, 0.010, 0.015, and 0.020 wt.%) were successfully synthesized using the sol-gel auto-combustion method. XRD patterns confirmed the formation of a new singlephase cubic spinel structure. The surface microstructure of the composites was examined using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). EDS analysis confirmed the presence of expected chemical elements in the samples. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy is used to identify and quantify molecular vibrations of the samples. The magnetic properties, measured using a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), revealed that the saturation magnetization increased gradually from 16.328 emu/g to 66.247 emu/g with increasing La-doping. The dielectric properties of the samples, such as the dielectric constant (ε′) and dielectric loss factor (ε′′), were also studied. Additionally, the samples' heavy-metal adsorption capacity was evaluated, with the La = 0.02 wt.% sample exhibiting the highest Cr(VI) removal efficiency from wastewater.</p>","PeriodicalId":742,"journal":{"name":"Powder Metallurgy and Metal Ceramics","volume":"64 3-4","pages":"164 - 178"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146045517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Elastic Response of Powder Composites with Differential Resistance to Dynamic Loading","authors":"M. B. Shtern,&nbsp;O. V. Vdovychenko,&nbsp;O. G. Kirkova,&nbsp;A. V. Kuzmov,&nbsp;O. V. Mikhailov,&nbsp;G. M. Vasyl’eva","doi":"10.1007/s11106-026-00514-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11106-026-00514-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A model was developed to describe the behavior of ‘matrix–inclusion’ powder composites, whose properties are sensitive to loading and deformation patterns, particularly under tension and compression. Stress–strain relationships were proposed with a new material parameter m, which characterizes the tendency of materials to exhibit different resistance in tension and compression. Building on the research findings of Kachanov et al., the physical meaning of this new parameter within modified elasticity theory was established, and its connection with structural defects in the composite was identified. The relationships between the effective elastic characteristics of the composites and the content of defects of various types arising from the powder-based origin of the material were analyzed, with particular consideration of inclusions and the degree of their bonding to the matrix. Primary attention was paid to materials where the defects were volumetric pores and two-dimensional cracks. The results were further used to study elastic wave propagation within the modified model of a powder composite with differential resistance. In general, contrastingly to classical elasticity theory, the propagation velocities of longitudinal and transverse waves in powder composites were not material constants but depended on the dynamic loading pattern, which can be described through the ratio of bulk to shear strains. The dependence of wave velocity on loading pattern may serve as a basis for assessing the degree of imperfection in materials, while the established relationship between the degree of differential resistance and the content of various defect types can be applied to evaluate the contribution of each defect to the service properties of the material.</p>","PeriodicalId":742,"journal":{"name":"Powder Metallurgy and Metal Ceramics","volume":"64 3-4","pages":"154 - 163"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146045516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physicochemical Processes in the Preparation of Granulated Nickel Powders for Highly Porous Products","authors":"O. I. Hetman,&nbsp;O. S. Makarenko,&nbsp;P. Ya. Radchenko,&nbsp;A. L. Maximenko,&nbsp;M. B. Shtern,&nbsp;V. V. Garbuz,&nbsp;O. I. Bykov,&nbsp;T. Ye. Babutina,&nbsp;L. M. Kapitanchuk,&nbsp;V. O. Vienikov,&nbsp;V. V. Kolomiiets","doi":"10.1007/s11106-026-00512-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11106-026-00512-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The production of granulated nickel powders in size fractions of 20–45, 45–71, and 71–125 μm with specified chemical composition by hydrogen reduction of NiO for the fabrication of highly porous items was studied. Nickel carbonate powder was used as the starting material for preparing nickel oxide powder through thermal decomposition in air. Nickel oxide was reduced in hydrogen by two methods: in moving beds in a rotary furnace chamber and in stationary continuous tubular furnaces. The required chemical composition of the nickel powders was ensured by using high-purity nickel carbonate. The effect of temperature–time parameters of the reduction process was examined at 400, 475, 500, and 600°C for 1 and 2 h at a heating rate of 10°C/min. The nickel powders were separated into fractions by sifting through a set of calibrated sieves. The formation patterns and properties of the granulated nickel powders were established by comprehensive analysis involving X-ray diffraction, electron microscopy, and measurements of specific surface area and bulk density. The reduced granulated nickel powders were found to exhibit morphological features characterized by a hierarchical structure. The granule size in the reduced nickel powder depended on the NiO granule size, reduction temperature, and additional experimental conditions of reduction (fixed NiO powder bed in stationary mode, moving NiO powder bed in rotating mode, preliminary NiO powder granulation, and NiO powder granulation temperature). The nickel powders in the 45–71 μm and &gt;71 μm fractions consisted of sintered granules formed from finer granules with an average size of ~11–12 μm. The &lt;45 μm fraction consisted solely of granules with an average size of ~12 μm within the 10–20 μm range.</p>","PeriodicalId":742,"journal":{"name":"Powder Metallurgy and Metal Ceramics","volume":"64 3-4","pages":"129 - 139"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146045514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanical Alloying of Al–5Mg–1.8Li (wt.%) and Al–5Mg (wt.%) Powders","authors":"D. Das,&nbsp;R. K. Saini,&nbsp;U. Pandel,&nbsp;Vijay N. Nadakuduru","doi":"10.1007/s11106-026-00516-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11106-026-00516-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Among non-equilibrium processing methods, mechanical alloying is relatively simple to employ and leads to grain refinement, intermixing, solid-state interdiffusion, supersaturation beyond the equilibrium solubility limit, and chemical reactions, thereby forming metastable phases. To study the effect of Li addition in Al–Mg powders on steady-state-milling time, phase formation, high energy ball milling at different milling times was done to produce Al–5Mg (wt.%) and Al–5Mg–1.8Li (wt.%) alloy powders by using elemental powders as precursor materials and characterizations of the powders was done by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy–energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM–EDS), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). According to SEM results, the milled particles exhibited a uniformly dispersed, equiaxed morphology, characteristic of the mechanical alloying process. As per XRD examination, an increasing trend in the lattice parameter up to 9 h of milling time for Al–5Mg–1.8Li and up to 6 h for Al–5Mg alloy powders shows the dissolution of Mg to Al, while a decreasing tendency indicates the completion of the Al(Mg) soluble particles/α-Al phases after 12 h and 9 h, respectively, of milling, at which point the particles reached steady-state. As indicated by XRD data, the 9 h milled Al–5Mg alloy powders completely transformed into Al(Mg) soluble particles, whereas the 12 h milled Al–5Mg–1.8Li alloy powders produced the Al₃Li phases, which are uniformly dispersed over the α-Al matrix, as confirmed by TEM analysis.</p>","PeriodicalId":742,"journal":{"name":"Powder Metallurgy and Metal Ceramics","volume":"64 3-4","pages":"179 - 193"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146045597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"I. Morphological and Structural Transformations in the Starting Powders After Grinding and Their Influence on Densification Behavior and Contact Formation During Heating","authors":"O. I. Tolochyn,&nbsp;O. V. Tolochyna,&nbsp;G. A. Bagliuk,&nbsp;Ya.I. Yevych,&nbsp;M. V. Minakov,&nbsp;I. Yu. Okun,&nbsp;Yu.M. Podrezov","doi":"10.1007/s11106-026-00513-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11106-026-00513-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The morphological and structural changes in a mixture of iron and aluminum powders after grinding in a planetary mill were examined. Work hardening caused the powder particles to acquire lamellar shapes. X-ray diffraction revealed a high number of deformation-induced defects. Work hardening was found to significantly complicate the densification process. Following cold pressing, the porosity remained at ~35–40%. A comparative analysis of phase and structural changes during heating and sintering of the ground powders was carried out. Differential scanning calorimetry showed that the self-propagating high-temperature synthesis of the Fe₂Al₅ intermetallic compound occurred predominantly in the solid phase, below the melting point of aluminum and produced onethird of the thermal effect observed for the unground powders. Dilatometric studies demonstrated that the ground powders swelled less during self-propagating high-temperature synthesis and exhibited much poorer densification and sintering behavior as the temperature increased up to 1450°C. Because of the insufficient density and poor quality of interparticle contacts, sintered samples produced from the ground powders showed substantially lower mechanical properties than those from the unground powders. Considerable attention was given to phase formation features in the temperature range typical of direct powder forging (600–1000°C). Analysis of phase and structural changes accounted for the effect of a sealed container, restricting volume changes in the sample in reactive synthesis. The presence of the container accelerated phase formation at the initial heating stage through deformation, which suppressed swelling. At higher heating temperatures, the container slightly slowed down phase transformations. After heating to 1000°C and holding for 20 min, the samples produced from both ground and unground powders transformed into the Fe₃Al phase with a disordered A2-type structure.</p>","PeriodicalId":742,"journal":{"name":"Powder Metallurgy and Metal Ceramics","volume":"64 3-4","pages":"140 - 153"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146045515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}