Nature reviews. Methods primers最新文献_第8页

Near-infrared II fluorescence imaging 近红外 II 荧光成像

Nature reviews. Methods primers Pub Date : 2024-04-04 DOI: 10.1038/s43586-024-00301-x

Elizabeth Lea Schmidt, Zihao Ou, Erving Ximendes, Han Cui, Carl H. C. Keck, Daniel Jaque, Guosong Hong

{"title":"Near-infrared II fluorescence imaging","authors":"Elizabeth Lea Schmidt, Zihao Ou, Erving Ximendes, Han Cui, Carl H. C. Keck, Daniel Jaque, Guosong Hong","doi":"10.1038/s43586-024-00301-x","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43586-024-00301-x","url":null,"abstract":"Fluorescence imaging in the second near-infrared (NIR-II) window enables deep-tissue imaging with high resolution and improved contrast by taking advantage of the reduced light scattering and tissue autofluorescence in this region of the spectrum. NIR-II fluorescence imaging uses photoluminescent contrast agents — including carbon nanotubes, quantum dots, rare earth-doped nanocrystals, gold nanoclusters, small molecules and their aggregates — and fluorescent proteins, which all exhibit fluorescence in the 1,000–3,000 nm range. After administration of these fluorophores in vivo, live animals can be imaged with specialized detectors and optical instruments, yielding images with contrast and resolution unparalleled by conventional visible and near-infrared fluorescence imaging. This powerful approach enables dynamic imaging of vascular structures and haemodynamics; molecular imaging and image-guided surgery of tumours; and visualization of deep-seated structures, such as the gastrointestinal system. NIR-II fluorescence imaging has revolutionized biomedical imaging over the past 15 years and is poised to make comparable advancements in cardiology, neurobiology and gastroenterology. This Primer describes the principles of NIR-II fluorescence imaging, reviews the most used fluorophores, outlines implementation approaches and discusses specific scientific and clinical applications. Furthermore, the limitations of NIR-II fluorescence imaging are addressed and future opportunities across various scientific domains are explored. Deep tissues can be imaged with high resolution and greater contrast by performing fluorescence imaging in the second near-infrared (NIR-II) window. This Primer summarizes how NIR-II fluorescence imaging can be used in animal models, exploring commonly used fluorophores and implementation approaches across a range of scientific and clinical applications.","PeriodicalId":74250,"journal":{"name":"Nature reviews. Methods primers","volume":" ","pages":"1-22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140345830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Fluorescence resonance energy transfer at the single-molecule level 单分子水平的荧光共振能量转移

Nature reviews. Methods primers Pub Date : 2024-03-28 DOI: 10.1038/s43586-024-00306-6

引用次数: 0

Fluorescence resonance energy transfer at the single-molecule level 单分子水平的荧光共振能量转移

Nature reviews. Methods primers Pub Date : 2024-03-28 DOI: 10.1038/s43586-024-00298-3

Taekjip Ha, Jingyi Fei, Sonja Schmid, Nam Ki Lee, Ruben L. Gonzalez Jr, Sneha Paul, Sanghun Yeou

{"title":"Fluorescence resonance energy transfer at the single-molecule level","authors":"Taekjip Ha, Jingyi Fei, Sonja Schmid, Nam Ki Lee, Ruben L. Gonzalez Jr, Sneha Paul, Sanghun Yeou","doi":"10.1038/s43586-024-00298-3","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43586-024-00298-3","url":null,"abstract":"Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) is a powerful spectroscopic method for measuring distances in the 2–8 nm range. Often, conformational changes and molecular interactions are difficult or impossible to synchronize, or too rare or transient to detect using ensemble FRET. Single-molecule FRET (smFRET) opens new opportunities to probe biomolecular conformational changes or interactions that are missing in static snapshots provided by traditional structural biology tools, as well as to measure the kinetics of these dynamics on various timescales and under physiological conditions, including inside cells. Advances in labelling technologies, combining smFRET with optical and magnetic tweezers and Bayesian inference-based and information theory-based analysis tools are revealing rich biomolecular dynamics. We also discuss the challenges and opportunities in integrating dynamics into traditionally static structural biology approaches, extending smFRET into cells and tissues, advancing technical innovations and democratizing the practice of smFRET. Analysing single-molecule fluorescence resonance energy transfer (smFRET) enables an unprecedented view of the dynamics and kinetics of biomolecular conformational changes and interactions. In this Primer, Ha et al. discuss technological advances that have led to smFRET and how the method can be adapted to address various research questions in structural and molecular biology.","PeriodicalId":74250,"journal":{"name":"Nature reviews. Methods primers","volume":" ","pages":"1-18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140310419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Biocarbon materials 生物碳材料

Nature reviews. Methods primers Pub Date : 2024-03-14 DOI: 10.1038/s43586-024-00305-7

引用次数: 0

Biocarbon materials 生物碳材料

Nature reviews. Methods primers Pub Date : 2024-03-14 DOI: 10.1038/s43586-024-00297-4

Amar K. Mohanty, Singaravelu Vivekanandhan, Oisik Das, Lina M. Romero Millán, Naomi B. Klinghoffer, Ange Nzihou, Manjusri Misra

{"title":"Biocarbon materials","authors":"Amar K. Mohanty, Singaravelu Vivekanandhan, Oisik Das, Lina M. Romero Millán, Naomi B. Klinghoffer, Ange Nzihou, Manjusri Misra","doi":"10.1038/s43586-024-00297-4","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43586-024-00297-4","url":null,"abstract":"Biocarbons are carbonaceous solids derived from renewable and sustainable feedstocks and their combinations through thermochemical conversion at high temperatures (>350 °C) in the absence of oxygen or in limited oxygen. Expanding their applications from soil and fuel into advanced arenas of polymer composites, energy and environment is the key strategy to substitute for a wide range of conventional fossil-based carbon materials with the added benefits of sustainability and circularity. This Primer discusses biocarbon research, including feedstock selection, characterization, pyrolysis techniques, post-modification strategies, diversified applications and challenges. A critical assessment of carbon sequestration, waste reduction, economic impact, material sustainability and circularity and future perspectives is presented. This Primer mainly focuses on materials (polymer composites), energy (storage and conversion) and environmental remediation (wastewater treatment and CO2 capture). The hurdles that biocarbon-based materials must overcome are effective market propagation, industry-standard adherence and maintenance of a steady flow of feedstocks to guarantee continuous production. Maintenance of reproducibility of biocarbon materials with similar physicochemical and functional properties is another challenging task, which needs more investigation with the support of theoretical modelling and database generation. The Primer also delves into techno-economic analysis, which integrates biomass logistics and their industrial processing, which will enable a new manufacturing platform in biocarbon production for large-scale technological applications. Biocarbons are carbonaceous solids derived from renewable and sustainable feedstocks through thermochemical conversion at high temperatures. In this Primer, Mohanty et al. discuss feedstock selection, pyrolysis techniques and post-modification strategies, as well as waste reduction and the economic impact of biocarbons.","PeriodicalId":74250,"journal":{"name":"Nature reviews. Methods primers","volume":" ","pages":"1-21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140123825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Graph neural networks 图神经网络

Nature reviews. Methods primers Pub Date : 2024-03-07 DOI: 10.1038/s43586-024-00304-8

引用次数: 0

Graph neural networks 图神经网络

Nature reviews. Methods primers Pub Date : 2024-03-07 DOI: 10.1038/s43586-024-00294-7

Gabriele Corso, Hannes Stark, Stefanie Jegelka, Tommi Jaakkola, Regina Barzilay

引用次数: 0

X-ray diffraction under grazing incidence conditions 掠入射条件下的 X 射线衍射

Nature reviews. Methods primers Pub Date : 2024-02-29 DOI: 10.1038/s43586-024-00303-9

引用次数: 0

X-ray diffraction under grazing incidence conditions 掠入射条件下的 X 射线衍射

Nature reviews. Methods primers Pub Date : 2024-02-29 DOI: 10.1038/s43586-024-00293-8

Oliver Werzer, Stefan Kowarik, Fabian Gasser, Zhang Jiang, Joseph Strzalka, Christopher Nicklin, Roland Resel

{"title":"X-ray diffraction under grazing incidence conditions","authors":"Oliver Werzer, Stefan Kowarik, Fabian Gasser, Zhang Jiang, Joseph Strzalka, Christopher Nicklin, Roland Resel","doi":"10.1038/s43586-024-00293-8","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43586-024-00293-8","url":null,"abstract":"Material properties frequently relate to structures at or near surfaces, particularly in thin films. As a result, it is essential to understand these structures at the molecular and atomistic levels. The most accurate and widely used techniques for characterizing crystallographic order are based on X-ray diffraction. When dealing with thin films or interfaces, standard approaches, such as single crystal or powder diffraction, are not suitable. However, X-ray diffraction under grazing incidence conditions can provide the required information. In this Primer, grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXD) is comprehensively introduced, starting from basic considerations on X-ray diffraction at crystals with reduced dimensionality and the optical properties of X-rays, followed by a more in-depth description of an experimental performance, including X-ray sources, goniometers and detectors. Experimental errors, limitations and reproducibility are discussed. Various applications, from highly ordered inorganic single crystal surfaces to weakly ordered polymer thin films, are presented to illustrate the potential of GIXD. Data visualizations, representations and evaluation strategies are summarized, based on the example of anthracene thin films. The Primer compiles information relevant to perform high-quality GIXD experiments, evaluate data and interpret results, to extend knowledge about X-ray diffraction from surfaces, interfaces and thin films. Structures of surfaces and thin films can be investigated by performing X-ray diffraction under grazing incidence conditions. This Primer explores how grazing incidence X-ray diffraction is used to obtain crystallographic information, including in situ characterization, data collection, analysis and visualization, across a range of applications.","PeriodicalId":74250,"journal":{"name":"Nature reviews. Methods primers","volume":" ","pages":"1-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139994016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Artificial molecular pumps 人工分子泵

Nature reviews. Methods primers Pub Date : 2024-02-22 DOI: 10.1038/s43586-024-00300-y

引用次数: 0