American Journal of Kidney Diseases最新文献

{"title":"National Kidney Foundation 2025 Spring Clinical Meeting Late-Breaking Abstracts April 9-13, 2025","authors":"","doi":"10.1053/j.ajkd.2025.03.003","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.ajkd.2025.03.003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7419,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Kidney Diseases","volume":"85 5","pages":"Page 667"},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143851516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"LB-06 Impact of Kidneyintelx on Targeted use of SGLT2I","authors":"","doi":"10.1053/j.ajkd.2025.03.010","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.ajkd.2025.03.010","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7419,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Kidney Diseases","volume":"85 5","pages":"Pages 669-670"},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143851308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"LB-03 Influence of Kidney Function on Apixaban Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics and Hemorrhage","authors":"","doi":"10.1053/j.ajkd.2025.03.007","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.ajkd.2025.03.007","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7419,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Kidney Diseases","volume":"85 5","pages":"Pages 668-669"},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143852108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Severe Mental Illness in CKD: Why it Matters","authors":"S. Susan Hedayati","doi":"10.1053/j.ajkd.2025.03.012","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.ajkd.2025.03.012","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7419,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Kidney Diseases","volume":"85 5","pages":"Pages 543-544"},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143852362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations of Urine Biomarkers During Ambulatory Acute Kidney Injury With Subsequent Recovery in Kidney Function: Findings From the SPRINT Study","authors":"Simon B. Ascher , Ronit Katz , Michelle M. Estrella , Rebecca Scherzer , Teresa K. Chen , Pranav S. Garimella , Alexander L. Bullen , Stein I. Hallan , Nicholas Wettersten , Alfred Cheung , Michael G. Shlipak , Joachim H. Ix","doi":"10.1053/j.ajkd.2025.02.607","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.ajkd.2025.02.607","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Rationale & Objective</h3><div>Serum creatinine elevations in the ambulatory setting frequently occur during antihypertensive treatment and complicate clinical management, but few tools are available to distinguish whether kidney function will recover in this setting. This study evaluated whether urine biomarkers of glomerular and tubular health are associated with subsequent recovery of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) after acute kidney injury (AKI) has occurred in the ambulatory setting during blood pressure (BP) treatment.</div></div><div><h3>Study Design</h3><div>Longitudinal analysis of clinical trial participants.</div></div><div><h3>Setting & Participants</h3><div>652 participants in SPRINT (the Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial) in whom AKI developed in the ambulatory setting, defined as an increase in serum creatinine of<!--> <!-->≥0.3<!--> <!-->mg/dL from baseline detected at the 1-year or 2-year study visit.</div></div><div><h3>Exposure</h3><div>Eight urine biomarkers indexed to urine creatinine (Cr) measured at baseline and at the study visit when ambulatory AKI was detected.</div></div><div><h3>Outcome</h3><div><50% recovery in eGFR (“nonrecovery”) at 12 months.</div></div><div><h3>Analytical Approach</h3><div>Multivariable logistic regression models, stratified by randomization arm, to evaluate biomarker associations with the odds of nonrecovery of eGFR.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Mean age was 70<!--> <!-->±10 years; eGFRs were 62<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->25<!--> <!-->mL/min/1.73<!--> <!-->m<sup>2</sup> at baseline and 42<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->12<!--> <!-->mL/min/1.73<!--> <!-->m<sup>2</sup> at the time of ambulatory AKI. Among biomarkers measured at the time ambulatory AKI was detected, higher urine albumin-Cr ratio (OR per 1–standard deviation higher, 1.72; 95% CI, 1.10–2.70) and lower epidermal growth factor/Cr (OR, 0.46; 95% CI, 0.26–0.79) were associated with nonrecovery of eGFR in the standard BP treatment arm; higher urine α-1 microglobulin-Cr ratio (OR, 1.45; 1.09–1.92), lower epidermal growth factor Cr ratio (OR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.46–0.83), and lower kidney injury molecule–1-Cr ratio (OR, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.59–0.96) were associated with nonrecovery of eGFR in the intensive BP treatment arm.</div></div><div><h3>Limitations</h3><div>Persons with diabetes and proteinuria<!--> <!-->>1<!--> <!-->g/d were excluded.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Among adults enrolled in a BP treatment trial who experienced ambulatory AKI, urine biomarkers reflecting glomerular injury and tubular dysfunction may help to distinguish whether kidney function will subsequently recover.</div></div><div><h3>Plain-Language Summary</h3><div>Increases in serum creatinine concentration can occur when treating hypertension and complicate clinical management, but there are few tools available to distinguish whether an individual’s kidney function will subsequently recover. In this study, we investigated ","PeriodicalId":7419,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Kidney Diseases","volume":"86 2","pages":"Pages 155-165"},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143872026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"LB-05 Long-Term Efficacy and Safety in the Phase 3 Illuminate-B Trial of Lumasiran for Primary Hyperoxaluria Type 1 in Infants and Young Children","authors":"","doi":"10.1053/j.ajkd.2025.03.009","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.ajkd.2025.03.009","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7419,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Kidney Diseases","volume":"85 5","pages":"Page 669"},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143852110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"LB-01 Chlorthalidone Compared to Hydrochlorothiazide for the Prevention of Kidney Stones: A Secondary Analysis of the Diuretic Comparison Project","authors":"","doi":"10.1053/j.ajkd.2025.03.005","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.ajkd.2025.03.005","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7419,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Kidney Diseases","volume":"85 5","pages":"Page 668"},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143851517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations Between Serum Sodium, Peritoneal Dialysis–Associated Peritonitis, and Mortality in the Peritoneal Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study (PDOPPS)","authors":"Isaac Teitelbaum ,&nbsp;Junhui Zhao ,&nbsp;Charlotte Tu ,&nbsp;Brian Bieber ,&nbsp;Simon Davies ,&nbsp;David W. Johnson ,&nbsp;Hideki Kawanishi ,&nbsp;Yong-Lim Kim ,&nbsp;Talerngsak Kanjanabuch ,&nbsp;Ronald L. Pisoni ,&nbsp;Jeffrey Perl","doi":"10.1053/j.ajkd.2025.02.605","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.ajkd.2025.02.605","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Rationale &amp; Objective</h3><div>The clinical consequences of hyponatremia among patients receiving peritoneal dialysis (PD) are poorly understood. This study sought to evaluate the association of variations in serum sodium with peritoneal dialysis-associated peritonitis and death.</div></div><div><h3>Study Design</h3><div>Multicenter observational cohort study.</div></div><div><h3>Settings &amp; Participants</h3><div>23,707 participants in the Peritoneal Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study (PDOPPS) in 8 countries between 2014 and 2022 with a serum sodium measure available at study enrollment.</div></div><div><h3>Predictor</h3><div>Serum sodium categories (&lt;135, 135-137, 138-139, 140-141, ≥142 mEq/L) at study enrollment.</div></div><div><h3>Outcome</h3><div>Time to first peritonitis episode and all-cause mortality.</div></div><div><h3>Analytical Approach</h3><div>Cause-specific hazards models adjusted for demographic, comorbidity, and treatment characteristics. Secondary analyses using average serum sodium levels over time and evaluation of modification of the association between serum sodium and study outcomes by use of icodextrin as well as patient characteristics and PD modality.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Compared to a serum sodium of 140-141 mEq/L (n<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->5,065), those with a sodium of<!--> <!-->&lt;135 mEq/L (n<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->3,601) had longer dialysis vintage and were more likely to have diabetes and use icodextrin. Across serum sodium categories, there were no differences in the adjusted peritonitis risks. Compared to individuals with a sodium of 140-141 mEq/L, those with a sodium of<!--> <!-->&lt;135 mEq/L (adjusted hazard ratio [AHR], 1.45 [95% CI, 1.29-1.63]), a sodium of 135-137 mEq/L (AHR, 1.26 [95% CI, 1.13-1.42]), and a sodium<!--> <!-->≥142 mEq/L (AHR, 1.16 [95% CI, 1.03-1.30]) were all associated with higher mortality. Associations between serum sodium and mortality were similar across all patient characteristic and PD modality subgroups. Peritonitis risk was not detectably different across serum sodium categories regardless of treatment with icodextrin.</div></div><div><h3>Limitations</h3><div>Lack of standardization/validation of serum sodium measures across sites; icodextrin use was limited to a subset of patients.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Variations in serum sodium were associated with death but not peritonitis risk. Future studies are needed to understand the mechanisms underpinning these associations and whether modification of serum sodium would improve outcomes among those receiving PD.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7419,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Kidney Diseases","volume":"86 1","pages":"Pages 84-96.e1"},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143827125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Safety and Effectiveness of Nirmatrelvir-Ritonavir in Patients With Advanced Kidney Dysfunction and COVID-19","authors":"Marimar Contreras Nieves ,&nbsp;Shuchi Anand ,&nbsp;I-Chun Thomas ,&nbsp;Pascal Geldsetzer ,&nbsp;Enrica Fung ,&nbsp;Manjula Kurella Tamura ,&nbsp;Maria E. Montez-Rath","doi":"10.1053/j.ajkd.2025.02.603","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.ajkd.2025.02.603","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Rationale &amp; Objective&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Nirmatrelvir-ritonavir prevents COVID-19 hospitalization among high-risk adults, but safety concerns limit its use in advanced kidney dysfunction. This study examined safety and effectiveness outcomes from its off-label use in patients with advanced kidney dysfunction.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Study Design&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Retrospective matched cohort study.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Setting &amp; Participants&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Patients with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) 15-30&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!--&gt;mL/min/1.73&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!--&gt;m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; and COVID-19 between January 2022 and January 2023 cared for in Veterans Health Administration facilities.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Exposure&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Treatment with nirmatrelvir-ritonavir, no treatment with nirmatrelvir-ritonavir or molnupiravir, or treatment with molnupiravir.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Outcome&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Incidence of cardiac events, stroke, acute kidney injury, liver injury, hypertension, and infection-related death, respiratory failure, pneumonia, severe infection, and hospitalization within 30-60 days of diagnosis with COVID-19.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Analytical Approach&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Logistic regression for propensity matching, standardized mean differences for assessment of covariate balance, and conditional logistic regression for estimation of relative risk ratios comparing exposures for each outcome.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Among 4,020 patients with an eGFR of 15-30&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!--&gt;mL/min/1.73&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!--&gt;m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; and COVID-19, 117 (2.9%) were treated with nirmatrelvir-ritonavir: mean age, 75.6&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!--&gt;±&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!--&gt;12.2 (SD) years and eGFR 24.9&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!--&gt;±&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!--&gt;4.0 (SD) mL/min/1.73&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!--&gt;m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;. Compared with no treatment with either nirmatrelvir-ritonavir or molnupiravir, treatment with nirmatrelvir-ritonavir was not detectably associated with different risks of cardiovascular events (eg, heart failure: risk ratio [RR], 1.0 [95% CI, 0.7-1.2]; liver injury: RR, 1.2 [95% CI, 0.7-1.7]; or acute kidney injury: RR, 1.0 [95% CI, 0.8-1.2]), but was associated with a lower risk of acute respiratory failure (RR, 0.5 [95% CI, 0.2-0.7]) and pneumonia (RR, 0.6 [95% CI, 0.3-0.8]). Compared with treatment with molnupiravir, treatment with nirmatrelvir-ritonavir was not detectably associated with different risks of cardiovascular events, acute respiratory failure, or pneumonia but was associated with a higher risk of acute kidney injury. Sensitivity analyses among patients with an eGFR of 15-35&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!--&gt;mL/min/1.73&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!--&gt;m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; yielded similar findings.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Limitations&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Retrospective analysis, predominantly men in the study cohort.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Conclusions&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Nirmatrelvir-ritonavir use in the setting of advanced kidney dysfunction was associated with a reduced risk of acute respiratory failure and pneumonia and no detectable differences in non–respiratory adverse outcomes compared with no treatment with either nirmatrelvir-ritonavir o","PeriodicalId":7419,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Kidney Diseases","volume":"86 2","pages":"Pages 202-211.e1"},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143819294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pediatric Nephrology Practice in the United States: Survey of Pediatric Nephrology Division Directors","authors":"Priya S. Verghese ,&nbsp;Amy Bobrowski ,&nbsp;Caitlin Carter ,&nbsp;Vikas R. Dharnidharka ,&nbsp;Jyothsna Gattineni ,&nbsp;Julie E. Goodwin ,&nbsp;David B. Kershaw ,&nbsp;Teri J. Mauch ,&nbsp;Raoul Nelson ,&nbsp;Mihail Subtirelu ,&nbsp;Joseph Flynn ,&nbsp;Daniel Feig","doi":"10.1053/j.ajkd.2025.01.025","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.ajkd.2025.01.025","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Rationale &amp; Objectives&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Addressing the increasing demand for pediatric nephrology care is challenging because of increasing limitations in the size of this workforce. The objective of this study was to characterize the state of pediatric nephrology practices across the United States to inform possible strategies to address this shortfall.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Study Design&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Cross-sectional survey.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Setting &amp; Participants&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;The American Society of Pediatric Nephrology interest group comprised 92 pediatric nephrology division leaders of pediatric nephrology programs.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Exposures&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Practice size defined by number of full-time equivalent (FTE) pediatric nephrologists.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Outcomes&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;The scope of inpatient and outpatient services related to dialysis and extracorporeal treatment, kidney transplant, procedures (kidney biopsy, ultrasound, ambulatory blood pressure monitoring), faculty roles, and funding for programmatic activities.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Analytical Approach&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Descriptive and comparative statistics, including the χ&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; test, Fisher’s exact test, &lt;em&gt;t&lt;/em&gt; test, and two-proportion &lt;em&gt;Z&lt;/em&gt;-test, with significance defined at &lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; &lt;!--&gt;&lt;&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!--&gt;0.05.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Large programs had more outreach capacity, ancillary staffing, independent transplant programs, and on-site outpatient dialysis units and more diverse kidney replacement options. Smaller programs had fewer ambulatory patients and fewer inpatients per FTE pediatric nephrologists. Medium-sized programs had the highest inpatient and ambulatory volume per FTE pediatric nephrologists. Administrative support for transplant, dialysis, and fellowship programs was often limited.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Limitations&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Granularity of data was limited. No assessment of trends was performed, and changes in faculty appointment type were not assessed.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Conclusions&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Pediatric nephrologists in medium-sized programs had the highest volume of clinical work, and administrative support for transplant, dialysis, and fellowship programs was often insufficient in many programs. These findings may inform strategies to support pediatric nephrology programs and enhance the care they provide.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Plain-Language Summary&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;An imbalance exists between the increasing demand for services provided by pediatric nephrologists and the capacity of the pediatric nephrology workforce. The challenges of this imbalance are compounded by professional stress and burnout among pediatric nephrologists and a low level of interest in pediatric nephrology training. This study aimed to characterize the diverse pediatric nephrology practices across the United States by implementing a survey of the division heads of pediatric nephrology programs and classifying the findings into subgroups defined by the size of these programs. Pe","PeriodicalId":7419,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Kidney Diseases","volume":"86 1","pages":"Pages 74-83"},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143794448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}