Medical review (Berlin, Germany)最新文献_第7页

Immune cells in Alzheimer's disease: insights into pathogenesis and potential therapeutic targets. 阿尔茨海默病的免疫细胞：对发病机制和潜在治疗靶点的见解。

Medical review (Berlin, Germany) Pub Date : 2024-12-23 eCollection Date: 2025-06-01 DOI: 10.1515/mr-2024-0064

Xiaofeng Fu, Huimin Cai, Shuiyue Quan, Ziye Ren, Yinghao Xu, Longfei Jia

{"title":"Immune cells in Alzheimer's disease: insights into pathogenesis and potential therapeutic targets.","authors":"Xiaofeng Fu, Huimin Cai, Shuiyue Quan, Ziye Ren, Yinghao Xu, Longfei Jia","doi":"10.1515/mr-2024-0064","DOIUrl":"10.1515/mr-2024-0064","url":null,"abstract":"Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder for which there are currently no effective treatment options. Increasing evidence suggests that AD is a systemic disease closely associated with the immune system, not merely a central nervous system (CNS) disorder. Immune cells play crucial roles in the onset and progression of AD. Microglia and astrocytes are the primary inflammatory cells in the brain that can sensitively detect changes in the internal environment and transform into different phenotypes to exert differing effects at various stages of AD. Peripheral immune cells, such as T cells, B cells, monocytes/macrophages, and neutrophils can also be recruited to the CNS to mediate the inflammatory response in AD. As such, investigating the role of immune cells in AD is particularly important for elucidating its specific pathogenesis. This review primarily discusses the roles of central innate immune cells, peripheral immune cells, and the interactions between central and peripheral immune cells in the development of neuroinflammation in AD. Furthermore, we listed clinical trials targeting AD-associated neuroinflammation, which may represent a promising direction for developing effective treatments for AD in the future.","PeriodicalId":74151,"journal":{"name":"Medical review (Berlin, Germany)","volume":"5 3","pages":"179-202"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12207208/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144546414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Histone lactylation as a driver of metabolic reprogramming and immune evasion. 组蛋白乳酸化是代谢重编程和免疫逃避的驱动因素。

Medical review (Berlin, Germany) Pub Date : 2024-12-17 eCollection Date: 2025-06-01 DOI: 10.1515/mr-2024-0091

Qiaoting Cai, Wei Deng, Yutian Zou, Zhe-Sheng Chen, Hailin Tang

{"title":"Histone lactylation as a driver of metabolic reprogramming and immune evasion.","authors":"Qiaoting Cai, Wei Deng, Yutian Zou, Zhe-Sheng Chen, Hailin Tang","doi":"10.1515/mr-2024-0091","DOIUrl":"10.1515/mr-2024-0091","url":null,"abstract":"Lactate is the end product of glycolysis, and extensive research has shown that lactate participates in various pathophysiological processes. Along with associated hydrogen ions, lactate typically functions as an immunosuppressive negative factor and plays a crucial role in tumor metabolic reprogramming. The recently discovered lactylation is a novel epigenetic modification that, similar to other epigenetic modifications, modifies histones to alter chromatin spatial configuration, thereby affecting DNA accessibility and regulating gene expression. More importantly, the degree of lactylation is closely related to local lactate concentrations, establishing a link between epigenetics and metabolic reprogramming. During cellular metabolism, lactate accumulation promotes histone lysine lactylation in cancer cells and immune cells such as macrophages and T cells, playing an essential role in tumor immune evasion and resistance to immunotherapy. This paper details the role of lactylation modifications in cancer immune evasion and resistance to immunotherapy, providing novel therapeutic directions and targets for cancer treatment.","PeriodicalId":74151,"journal":{"name":"Medical review (Berlin, Germany)","volume":"5 3","pages":"256-259"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12207202/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144546413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Prevalence of fragile X syndrome in South Asia, and importance of diagnosis. 脆性X染色体综合征在南亚的患病率和诊断的重要性。

Medical review (Berlin, Germany) Pub Date : 2024-11-29 eCollection Date: 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1515/mr-2024-0060

Aminath Fazna, Randi Jenssen Hagerman

{"title":"Prevalence of fragile X syndrome in South Asia, and importance of diagnosis.","authors":"Aminath Fazna, Randi Jenssen Hagerman","doi":"10.1515/mr-2024-0060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/mr-2024-0060","url":null,"abstract":"Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is a genetic disorder caused by a mutation in the FMR1 gene on the X chromosome, leading to a range of developmental and intellectual disabilities. FXS is characterized by intellectual disability, behavior challenges, and distinct physical features such as an elongated face, large ears, and hyperflexible joints; FXS remains the most common inherited cause of intellectual disability. Behavioral manifestations often include attention deficits, hyperactivity, anxiety, and features of autism spectrum disorder. The prevalence of FXS in the South Asian population is not well-documented, but existing studies suggest it may be comparable to global prevalence rates, which are approximately 1 in 4,000 males and 1 in 8,000 females. Accurate diagnosis of FXS in South Asians is crucial due to the implications for early intervention and treatment, which can significantly improve the quality of life and developmental outcomes for affected individuals. Early diagnosis also facilitates genetic counselling and family planning, helping to reduce the risk of recurrence in families. Increased awareness and screening in South Asian communities are essential to address the diagnostic gap and ensure timely support for individuals with FXS or disorders associated with the premutation of FMR1.","PeriodicalId":74151,"journal":{"name":"Medical review (Berlin, Germany)","volume":"5 2","pages":"164-173"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11987505/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144054882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Biofluid biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease: past, present, and future. 阿尔茨海默病的生物流体生物标志物：过去、现在和未来。

Medical review (Berlin, Germany) Pub Date : 2024-10-17 eCollection Date: 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1515/mr-2023-0071

Chengyu An, Huimin Cai, Ziye Ren, Xiaofeng Fu, Shuiyue Quan, Longfei Jia

{"title":"Biofluid biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease: past, present, and future.","authors":"Chengyu An, Huimin Cai, Ziye Ren, Xiaofeng Fu, Shuiyue Quan, Longfei Jia","doi":"10.1515/mr-2023-0071","DOIUrl":"10.1515/mr-2023-0071","url":null,"abstract":"Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a gradually progressive neurodegenerative disease with tremendous social and economic burden. Therefore, early and accurate diagnosis is imperative for effective treatment or prevention of the disease. Cerebrospinal fluid and blood biomarkers emerge as favorable diagnostic tools due to their relative accessibility and potential for widespread clinical use. This review focuses on the AT(N) biomarker system, which includes biomarkers reflecting AD core pathologies, amyloid deposition, and pathological tau, as well as neurodegeneration. Novel biomarkers associated with inflammation/immunity, synaptic dysfunction, vascular pathology, and α-synucleinopathy, which might contribute to either the pathogenesis or the clinical progression of AD, have also been discussed. Other emerging candidates including non-coding RNAs, metabolites, and extracellular vesicle-based markers have also enriched the biofluid biomarker landscape for AD. Moreover, the review discusses the current challenges of biofluid biomarkers in AD diagnosis and offers insights into the prospective future development.","PeriodicalId":74151,"journal":{"name":"Medical review (Berlin, Germany)","volume":"4 6","pages":"467-491"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11629312/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142815185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Microplastic exposure is associated with male reproductive health. 接触微塑料与男性生殖健康有关。

Medical review (Berlin, Germany) Pub Date : 2024-10-17 eCollection Date: 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1515/mr-2024-0069

Weijia Liu, Zhi Qu, Xuemei Wang, Huailiang Feng, Shaohua Ma, Yichao Zheng, Guimiao Lin, Suli Huang, Qiming Yang, Xihua Feng, Tianling Shen, Nan Liu

引用次数: 0

A stepwise approach to deriving functional β-cells from human embryonic or induced pluripotent stem cells. 从人胚胎或诱导多能干细胞中逐步获得功能性β细胞的方法。

Medical review (Berlin, Germany) Pub Date : 2024-10-16 eCollection Date: 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1515/mr-2024-0039

Clara Farhat, Viktoria Xega, Jun-Li Liu

{"title":"A stepwise approach to deriving functional β-cells from human embryonic or induced pluripotent stem cells.","authors":"Clara Farhat, Viktoria Xega, Jun-Li Liu","doi":"10.1515/mr-2024-0039","DOIUrl":"10.1515/mr-2024-0039","url":null,"abstract":"Our understanding of β-cell differentiation from pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) is rapidly evolving. Although progress has been made, challenges remain, particularly in achieving glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS). Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are valuable due to their pluripotent ability. A fixed protocol targeting master regulatory genes initiates stem cells into pancreatic lineage commitment. Due to the observations that a single stem cell can differentiate into multiple cell types depending on various factors and conditions, non-linear differentiation pathways exist. Co-expression of key factors remains essential for successful β-cell differentiation. The mature β-cell marker MAFA plays a critical role in maintaining the differentiation state and preventing dedifferentiation. Recapitulating pancreatic islet clustering enhances physiological responses, offering potential avenues for diabetes treatment. On the other hand, several enhanced differentiation protocols from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have improved the functional insulin producing β-cells generated. These findings, with their potential to revolutionize diabetes treatment, highlight the complexity of β-cell differentiation and guide further advancements in regenerative medicine.","PeriodicalId":74151,"journal":{"name":"Medical review (Berlin, Germany)","volume":"5 1","pages":"23-34"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11834748/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143460976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Precision phototherapy and imaging with aggregation-induced emission-based nanoparticles cloaked in macrophage membrane. 巨噬细胞膜中聚集诱导发射纳米粒子的精密光疗和成像。

Medical review (Berlin, Germany) Pub Date : 2024-09-26 eCollection Date: 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1515/mr-2024-0041

Quazi T H Shubhra, Laiping Fang, A K M Moshiul Alam

引用次数: 0

Emerging magic bullet: subcellular organelle-targeted cancer therapy. 新兴的灵丹妙药：亚细胞细胞器靶向癌症治疗。

Medical review (Berlin, Germany) Pub Date : 2024-09-12 eCollection Date: 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1515/mr-2024-0044

Yue Yan, Yimeng Zhang, Jianxiong Liu, Binlong Chen, Yiguang Wang

{"title":"Emerging magic bullet: subcellular organelle-targeted cancer therapy.","authors":"Yue Yan, Yimeng Zhang, Jianxiong Liu, Binlong Chen, Yiguang Wang","doi":"10.1515/mr-2024-0044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/mr-2024-0044","url":null,"abstract":"The therapeutic efficacy of anticancer drugs heavily relies on their concentration and retention at the corresponding target site. Hence, merely increasing the cellular concentration of drugs is insufficient to achieve satisfactory therapeutic outcomes, especially for the drugs that target specific intracellular sites. This necessitates the implementation of more precise targeting strategies to overcome the limitations posed by diffusion distribution and nonspecific interactions within cells. Consequently, subcellular organelle-targeted cancer therapy, characterized by its exceptional precision, have emerged as a promising approach to eradicate cancer cells through the specific disruption of subcellular organelles. Owing to several advantages including minimized dosage and side effect, optimized efficacy, and reversal of multidrug resistance, subcellular organelle-targeted therapies have garnered significant research interest in recent years. In this review, we comprehensively summarize the distribution of drug targets, targeted delivery strategies at various levels, and sophisticated strategies for targeting specific subcellular organelles. Additionally, we highlight the significance of subcellular targeting in cancer therapy and present essential considerations for its clinical translation.","PeriodicalId":74151,"journal":{"name":"Medical review (Berlin, Germany)","volume":"5 2","pages":"117-138"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11987508/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144013784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Genetic advances in neurodevelopmental disorders. 神经发育障碍的遗传研究进展。

Medical review (Berlin, Germany) Pub Date : 2024-09-03 eCollection Date: 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1515/mr-2024-0040

Shilin Gao, Chaoyi Shan, Rong Zhang, Tianyun Wang

{"title":"Genetic advances in neurodevelopmental disorders.","authors":"Shilin Gao, Chaoyi Shan, Rong Zhang, Tianyun Wang","doi":"10.1515/mr-2024-0040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/mr-2024-0040","url":null,"abstract":"Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) are a group of highly heterogeneous diseases that affect children's social, cognitive, and emotional functioning. The etiology is complicated with genetic factors playing an important role. During the past decade, large-scale whole exome sequencing (WES) and whole genome sequencing (WGS) have vastly advanced the genetic findings of NDDs. Various forms of variants have been reported to contribute to NDDs, such as de novo mutations (DNMs), copy number variations (CNVs), rare inherited variants (RIVs), and common variation. By far, over 200 high-risk NDD genes have been identified, which are involved in biological processes including synaptic function, transcriptional and epigenetic regulation. In addition, monogenic, oligogenic, polygenetic, and omnigenic models have been proposed to explain the genetic architecture of NDDs. However, the majority of NDD patients still do not have a definitive genetic diagnosis. In the future, more types of risk factors, as well as noncoding variants, are await to be identified, and including their interplay mechanisms are key to resolving the etiology and heterogeneity of NDDs.","PeriodicalId":74151,"journal":{"name":"Medical review (Berlin, Germany)","volume":"5 2","pages":"139-151"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11987507/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144043263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Combining transcriptomic and metabolomic insights to guide the clinical application of adipose- and bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. 结合转录组学和代谢组学的见解来指导脂肪和骨髓来源的间充质干细胞的临床应用。

Medical review (Berlin, Germany) Pub Date : 2024-08-29 eCollection Date: 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1515/mr-2024-0056

Wenyan Zhou, Junxin Lin, David C Hay, Xudong Yao, Hongwei Ouyang

{"title":"Combining transcriptomic and metabolomic insights to guide the clinical application of adipose- and bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells.","authors":"Wenyan Zhou, Junxin Lin, David C Hay, Xudong Yao, Hongwei Ouyang","doi":"10.1515/mr-2024-0056","DOIUrl":"10.1515/mr-2024-0056","url":null,"abstract":"Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) and bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) have shown great potential in clinical applications. However, the similarities and differences between these two cell types have not been fully elucidated. Recent advances in transcriptomic and metabolomic research have provided valuable insight into the characteristics and functions of ADSCs and BMSCs. In this perspective article, we review the key findings from these studies, including cellular heterogeneity as well as differences in metabolic and secretory properties. We discuss how these insights can help guide the selection of the most suitable cell source for the clinic, and the optimization of preconditioning strategies prior to clinical deployment. Furthermore, we analyze the current landscape of products and clinical trials involving ADSCs and BMSCs, highlighting their therapeutic potential. We propose that the integration of multi-omics datasets will be crucial for establishing a comprehensive understanding of ADSC and BMSC identity and potency, and the provision of quality-assured stem cell-derived products for the clinic.","PeriodicalId":74151,"journal":{"name":"Medical review (Berlin, Germany)","volume":"5 1","pages":"76-82"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11834745/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143460979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0