African Journal of Biotechnology最新文献_第4页

Contact activities of Piper guineense (Schum and Thonn) and Eugenia aromaticum (L). (Merril and Perryl) extracts against larvae of hide beetles, Dermestes maculatus (Degger) (Coleoptera: Dermestidae) 几内亚Piper (Schum)和Thonn (Thonn)和Eugenia aromaticum (L). (Merril和Perryl)提取物对皮甲虫(Dermestes maculatus, Degger)幼虫的接触活性(鞘翅目:皮蝇科)

African Journal of Biotechnology Pub Date : 2023-08-31 DOI: 10.5897/ajb2023.17556

A. Jatau, M. A. Yahaya

{"title":"Contact activities of Piper guineense (Schum and Thonn) and Eugenia aromaticum (L). (Merril and Perryl) extracts against larvae of hide beetles, Dermestes maculatus (Degger) (Coleoptera: Dermestidae)","authors":"A. Jatau, M. A. Yahaya","doi":"10.5897/ajb2023.17556","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/ajb2023.17556","url":null,"abstract":"Contact activities of Piper guineense (Schum and Thonn) and Eugenia aromaticum (L). (Merril and Perryl) extracts in the control of Dermestes maculatus larvae infesting stored fish (Clarias gariepinus) were investigated under laboratory condition (28±3°C and 65±5% RH). The extracts were tested by application of 2.0 µL each to ten third instars larvae using micro pipette at a concentration of 6.00, 10.00 and 20.00% each of the plant extracts (methanol, n-hexane and ethyl acetate). Mortality was recorded at 1, 2, 3 and 7 days of post treatments. The observed mortality was dose and exposure-dependent. All the extracts significantly enhanced larval mortality (P>0.05) when compared with the control. The n-hexane and ethyl-acetate extracts of P. guineense at 20% concentration induced the highest mortality of 86.66%, lowest mortality of 56.66% was observed on methanol fraction treated larvae after 7 days of post treatments. The n-haxane of E. aromaticum extracts recorded highest mortality (80.0%), followed by ethyl-acetate (76.66%) and methanolic (7.00%) fractions treated larvae at 20% concentration after 7 days of post-treatments. The results showed strong insecticidal activity in control of larvae of hide beetles infesting dried fish.   Key words: Plant extracts, Piper guineense, Eugenia aromaticum, Dermestes maculatus.","PeriodicalId":7414,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Biotechnology","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135783241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Genome-wide association analysis identifies resistance loci for bacterial blight in diverse East African rice germplasm 全基因组关联分析鉴定了不同东非水稻种质的白叶枯病抗性位点

African Journal of Biotechnology Pub Date : 2023-08-31 DOI: 10.5897/ajb2023.17572

Okello Moses, S. Mildred Ochwo, Lamo Jimmy, Onaga Geoffrey, L. Odong Thomas, Tusiime Geoffrey, Tukamuhabwa Phinehas, B. Mukasa Settumba, Wasswa Peter, Ogwal Jonathan, Oliva Ricardo

{"title":"Genome-wide association analysis identifies resistance loci for bacterial blight in diverse East African rice germplasm","authors":"Okello Moses, S. Mildred Ochwo, Lamo Jimmy, Onaga Geoffrey, L. Odong Thomas, Tusiime Geoffrey, Tukamuhabwa Phinehas, B. Mukasa Settumba, Wasswa Peter, Ogwal Jonathan, Oliva Ricardo","doi":"10.5897/ajb2023.17572","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/ajb2023.17572","url":null,"abstract":"Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), the causal agent of rice bacterial blight disease has been extensively characterized, and loci against different races identified. Many rice cultivars have been developed and utilized to combat the disease, however, due to the rapid evolution of Xoo, several resistances have broken down. The continuous challenge of ever-evolving Xoo and the breakdown of resistance in cultivated rice varieties make it even more important to discover new loci to enable sustainable durable deployment of broad-spectrum resistance genes in elite breeding lines. African germplasm can be exploited as reservoirs of useful genetic variation for bacterial blight (BB) resistance. This study was conducted to identify loci associated with BB resistance and new genetic donors for the breeding program. To identify candidate sources of resistance for advancing breeding, four virulent strains of Xoo (PXO99, MAI1, BAI3, and Xoo3-1) were used to screen 78 East African accessions by genome-wide association studies. The diverse accessions' core genetic base exhibited high resistance to the Xoo strains. 50.63% of the accessions were highly resistant to the Philippines strain PX099, while 20.25% were highly susceptible to the virulent West African strain MAI1. Two novel resistant loci significantly associated hotspots were identified using 1901 SNPs. The two hits were located on chromosome 12 (Xa25) and Chr. 6 (Xa7, Xa27, Xa33). Novel loci were identified that gives a useful basis for more investigation and a wide core genetic pool of high resistance for broad-spectrum resistance for genetic improvement.   Key words: Genome-wide association, Oryza sativa, bacterial blight (BB), Xanthomonas oryzae, disease resistance.","PeriodicalId":7414,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Biotechnology","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135783240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Current status of molecular tools development for cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] improvement 豇豆改良分子工具开发现状

African Journal of Biotechnology Pub Date : 2023-08-31 DOI: 10.5897/ajb2022.17541

Moumouni Iro Sodo Abdoul, Fatokun Christian, Olasanmi Bunmi, B. Ousmane

{"title":"Current status of molecular tools development for cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] improvement","authors":"Moumouni Iro Sodo Abdoul, Fatokun Christian, Olasanmi Bunmi, B. Ousmane","doi":"10.5897/ajb2022.17541","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/ajb2022.17541","url":null,"abstract":"Cowpea [ Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] is a popular tropical grain legume which is widely produced and consumed in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). The grains are rich in dietary protein for human while the haulm is high quality fodder for livestock particularly ruminants. Compared with many other crops cowpea is a laggard in development, evaluation and deployment of different molecular markers for use in genetics and breeding. Application of DNA-based markers is of considerable significance to crop improvement. Some DNA based markers have been used to study genetic diversity, linkage and quantitative traits loci (QTL) mapping in cowpea. Results from these studies have demonstrated the extent of genetic diversity in cowpea and its relationship with other members of the Vigna species. In addition, genetic linkage maps have been produced and used for detection of QTLs for some desirable traits. Some of these include QTLs for seed size, seed coat and eye color, leaf shape, pod length, resistance to macrophomina, domestication-related traits such as pod length, days to flowering, etc. In view of the potential benefits of DNA markers to the development of better performing improved cowpea varieties, concerted efforts are now being devoted to develop molecular tools for the crop. The developed consensus genetic linkage map and genome sequence for cowpea will boost the application of molecular tools for its genetic improvement. A panel of 17 SNP markers have been developed for use in quality assurance and control in cowpea breeding activities. This review aims at highlighting the molecular approaches that have been used and being pursued for genetic diversity, QTL mapping of some qualitative and quantitative traits as well as marker-assisted selection leading to the development of high performing new improved lines that meet the needs of farmers and consumers.","PeriodicalId":7414,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46377968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Contact activities of Piper guineense (Schum and Thonn) and Eugenia aromaticum (L). (Merril and Perryl) extracts against larvae of hide beetles, Dermestes maculatus (Degger) (Coleoptera: Dermestidae) 几内亚Piper (Schum)和Thonn (Thonn)和Eugenia aromaticum (L). (Merril和Perryl)提取物对皮甲虫(Dermestes maculatus, Degger)幼虫的接触活性(鞘翅目:皮蝇科)

African Journal of Biotechnology Pub Date : 2023-07-31 DOI: 10.5897/ajb2020.17121

A. Jatau, M. Z. Badmasi, M. A. Yahaya

{"title":"Contact activities of Piper guineense (Schum and Thonn) and Eugenia aromaticum (L). (Merril and Perryl) extracts against larvae of hide beetles, Dermestes maculatus (Degger) (Coleoptera: Dermestidae)","authors":"A. Jatau, M. Z. Badmasi, M. A. Yahaya","doi":"10.5897/ajb2020.17121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/ajb2020.17121","url":null,"abstract":"Contact activities of Piper guineense (Schum and Thonn) and Eugenia aromaticum (L). (Merril and Perryl) extracts in the control of Dermestes maculatus larvae infesting stored fish ( Clarias gariepinus ) were investigated under laboratory condition (28 ±3°C and 65±5% RH). The extracts were tested by application of 2.0 µL each to ten third instars larvae using micro pipette at a concentration of 6.00, 10.00 and 20.00% of each of plants extracts (methanol, n-hexane and ethyl acetate). Mortality was recorded at 1, 2, 3 and 7 days of post treatments. The observed mortality was dose and exposure-dependents. All the extracts significantly enhance larval mortality (P>0.05) when compared with control. The n-hexane and ethyl-acetate extracts of P. guineense at 20% concentration induced the highest mortality of 86.66%, lowest mortality of 56.66% was observed on methanol fraction treated larvae after 7days of post treatments. The n-haxane of E. aromaticum extracts recorded the highest mortality (80.0%), followed by ethyl-acetate (76.66%) and methanolic (7.00%) fractions treated larvae at 20% concentration after 7 days of post-treatments. The results showed strong insecticidal activity in control of larvae of hide beetles infesting dried fish.","PeriodicalId":7414,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49267323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Propagation of cochineal scale insect free cactus (Opuntia ficus-indica) by in vitro regeneration culture technique in Tigray, Ethiopia 埃塞俄比亚提格雷地区无胭脂虫蚧仙人掌(Opuntia ficus-indica)离体再生培养技术的繁殖

African Journal of Biotechnology Pub Date : 2023-07-31 DOI: 10.5897/ajb2022.17529

Kidus Ebuy Tsehaye, A. Kiros-Meles

{"title":"Propagation of cochineal scale insect free cactus (Opuntia ficus-indica) by in vitro regeneration culture technique in Tigray, Ethiopia","authors":"Kidus Ebuy Tsehaye, A. Kiros-Meles","doi":"10.5897/ajb2022.17529","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/ajb2022.17529","url":null,"abstract":"Cactus in northern Ethiopia is an endangered plant due to the attack by cochineal scale insect (Dactylopius coccus). The aim of this study was to micro propagate disease-free and cochineal resistance cactus pear by in vitro regeneration culturing technique. The study started with young cladodes carefully removed from mother plants. The surface-sterilized 1 cm2 cladode with one areole was cultured on shoot initiation MS media supplemented with 0, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 mg/l BAP alone. The already established explants were cultured on shoot multiplication media fortified with BAP at 0, 1.0, 2.0, and 3.0 mg/l. The proliferated cultures were inoculated for rooting on half-strength MS media supplemented with NAA alone at 0, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 mg/l. The MS medium appended with 0.5 mg/l BAP produced significantly the highest shoot number per explant (3 ± 1) and highest micro shoot length (3.27 ± 0.40). The highest multiplication factor (9.93 ± 2.25) was observed on a medium containing 1 mg/l BAP while the highest shoot lengths or elongation (3.03 ± 0.26) were observed on the medium containing 2 mg/l BAP. The best highest root number (6.06 ± 0.92) was recorded on the half MS Basal medium containing 0.5 mg/l NAA and highest root length (3.03 ± 0.27) was verified on the half MS Basal medium containing 1.0 mg/l NAA. The well-rooted plantlets were transferred for acclimatization purposes using coco peat substrate and 100% of the plants survived and established as vigorous plants under modern greenhouse conditions. The creation of a successful micro propagation method that allows for the production of more than 10,000 rooted plantlets from a single longitudinally divided shoot explant in just short period of time.","PeriodicalId":7414,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42354784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The use of microsatellites in the characterization of three plantain cultivars from the Democratic Republic of Congo 利用微卫星对来自刚果民主共和国的三个大蕉品种进行鉴定

African Journal of Biotechnology Pub Date : 2023-06-30 DOI: 10.5897/ajb2023.17554

Dhed’asi Gracia Mave, D. Dhed'a, J. Kateregga, S. Nanyiti

引用次数: 0

Bioactive compounds from Juniperus procera (Cupressaceae) with activity against common bean bacterial pathogens 柏科柏树(Juniperus procera)中具有抗普通豆类致病菌活性的生物活性化合物

African Journal of Biotechnology Pub Date : 2023-06-30 DOI: 10.5897/ajb2023.17552

Wangui Nduati Teresia, N. W. Isabel, W. Waudo, Were Beatrice, C. M. Josphat

引用次数: 1

Bioactive compounds from Hagenia abyssinica with activity against bean pathogenic bacteria 深海黑根草中对大豆病原菌具有活性的生物活性化合物

African Journal of Biotechnology Pub Date : 2023-05-31 DOI: 10.5897/ajb2022.17468

N. W. Isabel, W. Waudo, Were Beatrice, Muthama David, Gathiru Hellen, C. M. Josphat

引用次数: 0

Variability in the chemical composition and phenolic compounds of wild Tunisian populations of Nitraria retusa (Forssk.) Asch. and study of their antioxidant properties 突尼斯白刺属野生种群化学成分和酚类化合物的变异Asch。并研究其抗氧化性能

African Journal of Biotechnology Pub Date : 2023-04-30 DOI: 10.5897/ajb2020.17145

Mkaddem Mounira Guedri, N. Krir, Ons Daghsni, Mohamed Neffeti, R. Mehrez

引用次数: 0

Chemical components of the volatile and non-volatile extractives of Croton species and their microbial activities 巴豆挥发性和非挥发性提取物的化学成分及其微生物活性

African Journal of Biotechnology Pub Date : 2023-03-31 DOI: 10.5897/ajb2020.17182

C. I, O. A., D. S., L. C.

{"title":"Chemical components of the volatile and non-volatile extractives of Croton species and their microbial activities","authors":"C. I, O. A., D. S., L. C.","doi":"10.5897/ajb2020.17182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/ajb2020.17182","url":null,"abstract":"Essential oil compounds of Croton pseudopulchellus and Croton gratissimus were analysed using Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrophotometry and screened for antimicrobial activity against Bacillus pimilus (ATCC 29212), Bacillus cereus (ATCC 10702), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 3983), Streptococcus faecalis (ATCC 29212), Escherichia coli (ATCC 4983), Klebsiella pneumoniae (ATCC 2983) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 19582) using Agar gel disk diffusion test and minimum inhibitory concentrations. The susceptibilities of all isolates of different essential oil compounds were standardised by National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS 1998). The cytotoxicity test was also carried out to determine the toxicity levels of essential oil compounds. These plants were selected based on their use by traditional healers for treatment of upper respiratory tract, gastrointestinal tract and urinary tract infections. The essential oil compounds of C. pseudopulchellus and C. gratissimus were found to be active against all the test microorganisms, while the preliminary assessment of essential oil compounds from these plants exhibited low cytotoxic activity.","PeriodicalId":7414,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46390407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0