MedComm - Future medicine最新文献

{"title":"Metabolic insights into tumor pathogenesis: Unveiling pan-cancer metabolism and the potential of untargeted metabolomics","authors":"Taorui Wang,&nbsp;Yuanxu Gao","doi":"10.1002/mef2.59","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mef2.59","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Metabolic dysregulation is a hallmark of cancer, underpinning diverse aggressive behaviors such as uncontrolled proliferation, immune evasion, and metastasis. Despite the potential of tumor metabolites as biomarkers, their utility has been hampered by metabolic heterogeneity. Exploring cancer metabolism aims to discern shared metabolic pathways and have a better understanding the metabolic heterogeneity of tumors. This approach offers a holistic view of cancer metabolism, facilitating the identification of multicancer-relevant metabolic targets and the development of more broadly effective therapeutics. In this review, we present a comprehensive overview of the current landscape of cancer metabolism and its prospective applications in cancer diagnosis and prognosis. We delineate common metabolic aberrations observed across a spectrum of cancer types and elucidate the unique metabolic signatures characterizing the six leading causes of cancer-related mortality. Furthermore, we survey the utilization of untargeted metabolomics and single-cell technologies in cancer screening, diagnosis, and prognosis, while also spotlighting available data resources for pan-cancer metabolomics analyses. Throughout this discussion, we tackle prevailing research challenges and propose strategies aimed at enhancing cancer management. Our objective is to furnish valuable insights that can inform and guide future research endeavors in the dynamic realm of cancer metabolism.</p>","PeriodicalId":74135,"journal":{"name":"MedComm - Future medicine","volume":"2 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/mef2.59","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50145255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Small-molecule drugs as RNA-targeted degraders","authors":"Luyi Huang,&nbsp;Jun Zou","doi":"10.1002/mef2.60","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mef2.60","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Given the numerous crucial roles of RNA molecules in disease initiation and progression, RNAs have emerged as promising therapeutic targets for many diseases. Tong et al. report their discovery<span>¹</span> of small-molecule bioactive degraders that selectively bind to disease-associated RNAs and recruit ribonuclease (RNase) enzymes to facilitate the degradation of RNAs. They have demonstrated the therapeutic potential of RNA degraders in the animal models of different cancers. The findings pave the way to target the development of novel RNA-targeted small-molecule drugs.</p><p>Despite considerable advances in drug discovery, there are only hundreds of proteins that have been targeted by approved drugs, compared to the estimated 20,000 human genes. To widen the scope of druggable targets, sustained research efforts have been devoted to modulating the challenging “undruggable” targets in novel ways. Targeting cellular RNA represents one such emerging strategy with the potential to expand the scope that can be drugged. There are multiple different classes of RNA molecules, contributing to various and essential biological functions. Messenger RNA (mRNA) and ribosomal RNA are involved in gene expression and protein synthesis. Noncoding RNAs are critical for the regulation of transcription and translation, such as long noncoding RNA, microRNA (miRNA), and antisense RNAs. Recent evidence has illustrated the important roles of RNA in various diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, genetic disorders, and viral infections.<span>²</span></p><p>A range of natural RNA-processing mechanisms have been leveraged to develop RNA-based therapeutics. They provide potential ways to specifically inhibit the expression of disease-related genes and prevent the translation of corresponding proteins. The most well-known RNA-based therapeutics include small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) and antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs).<span>³</span> The siRNAs are double-stranded RNA molecules with 20–25 nucleotides. The ASOs are short synthetic single-stranded DNA or RNA. Both siRNAs and ASOs are gene silencers designed to target RNA molecules in a sequence-specific manner. However, one of the challenges that hindered their clinical application is their limited in vivo stability and cellular permeability due to their large molecular weight. Drug delivery systems are required to deliver the therapeutics intracellularly and systemically.<span>⁴</span></p><p>Small molecules usually follow Lipinski's rule of five and face no such impediments. Compared to oligonucleotides, small-molecule drugs targeting RNAs have the advantage of nonimmunogenic and lower molecular weight. This makes them more effective in cell penetration and overcomes the delivery challenges of RNA-based therapeutics. Orally delivered small molecules also significantly increase patient comfort and compliance. Traditionally, small molecules have been primarily ","PeriodicalId":74135,"journal":{"name":"MedComm - Future medicine","volume":"2 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/mef2.60","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50139514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The molecular mechanism of Xiaoxuming decoction in the treatment of ischemic stroke based on network pharmacology and molecular docking","authors":"Xiang Li,&nbsp;Peng Wang,&nbsp;Kaixuan Zheng,&nbsp;Shiqian Qi,&nbsp;Dan Tang","doi":"10.1002/mef2.58","DOIUrl":"10.1002/mef2.58","url":null,"abstract":"Xiaoxuming decoction is a traditional Chinese medicine that has been widely used in the clinical treatment of ischemic stroke (IS). This study employed network pharmacology to identify the bioactive molecules and therapeutic mechanism of Xiaoxuming decoction against IS. First, the traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology database and analysis platform (TCMSP) was utilized to obtain the ingredients and potential target proteins related to IS in the Xiaoxuming decoction. Subsequently, known target proteins related to IS were collected from online Mendelian inheritance in man (OMIM), Disgenet, and Gencards databases. The mechanism of Xiaoxuming decoction against IS was identified by enrichment analysis of gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG). Additionally, protein–protein interaction data were obtained from the search tool for the retrieval of interacting genes/proteins (STRING). The hub gene was further screened out from the gene expression omnibus (GEO) and verified by molecular docking. The study identified a total of 183 candidate molecules and 140 targets related to IS. These candidate targets regulate biological processes including inflammation, autophagy, oxidative stress, and vascular reaction. Our findings provide a comprehensive demonstration of the active compounds, key targets, main signaling pathways, and underlying molecular mechanisms of Xiaoxuming decoction in treating IS.","PeriodicalId":74135,"journal":{"name":"MedComm - Future medicine","volume":"2 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/mef2.58","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49358932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative in silico, in vitro and ex vivo anti-inflammatory activity of quercetin","authors":"Shruti S. Choubey,&nbsp;Avtar S. Gautam,&nbsp;Lasure Vaibhav,&nbsp;Shikha Asthana,&nbsp;Anjuman Nanda,&nbsp;Mangaldeep Dey,&nbsp;Rakesh K. Singh","doi":"10.1002/mef2.57","DOIUrl":"10.1002/mef2.57","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Inflammation is characterized by activation of the immune and nonimmune cells that act by removing the stress stimuli such as pathogens, toxins and so on. It can be categorized in two types namely, acute and chronic inflammation that depends on the extent of the injury caused due to inflammation. Basically, acute inflammatory responses regulate various cellular and molecular events and the interaction of different types of immune cells, that helps to minimize the injury. These events may lead to recovery of tissue homeostasis during acute inflammation. However, during chronic inflammation as in neurodegenerative diseases, a variety of key players orchestrate the process to amplify the magnitude of inflammation.<span>¹</span></p><p>Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are one of the widely studied kinase family that composed of three well known subfamily: p38 MAPKs, extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases (ERKs) and c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNKs). The p38MAPKs are encoded by p38α, p38β, p38γ, and p38δ genes. It has been shown that the p38MAPK pathway is critically involved in the regulation of inflammation via activation of TLR4 receptor. MAPK-activated protein kinase 2 (MK2) is one of the key substrates downstream to p38α/p38β, which on phosphorylation regulate the production and signaling of pro-inflammatory cytokines.<span>^{2, 3}</span></p><p>The inhibition of MK2 by tool compound, PF-3644022 has shown reduction of inflammatory biomarkers in various in vitro and in vivo models.<span>⁴</span> So, the present study is designed to investigate and compare the anti-inflammatory effects of quercetin<span>⁵</span> with MK2 inhibitor, PF-3644022 in LPS induced SH-SY5Y cell line in vitro and rat whole blood ex vivo.</p><p>The computational docking study (binding affinity) data was obtained through the Auto Dock Vina software and the interaction among the protein-ligand inhibition was studied through Biovia (discovery studio) and Ligplot+ software (Figure 1A-D). The structure-based binding site identification study method was performed to compare the binding affinities among PF-3644022 and quercetin against MK2 protein. The binding affinity of PF-3644022 with MK2 was found to be −8.4 Kcal/mol. The interaction between PF-3644022 and MK2 is divided into two types. At first, it formed one hydrophilic bond having bond length 3.17 Å against Arg 149 (A chain) of MK2 protein. Second, the hydrophobic bonds were formed with Glu 165, Ser 169, Asn 200, Lys 168, Ile 202, Tyr 194, Ile 166, and pro 199 in MK2 protein. The binding affinity of quercetin was found to be −8.1 Kcal/mol. The interaction between quercetin and MK2 showed that there were four hydrophilic bonds with showing different bond length against MK2 protein amino acid sequence like Asp 207 (2.70 Å), Glu 139(2.70 Å), Leu 141(2.80 Å), and Glu 145(2.91 Å). This binding also showed hydrophobic interaction against MK2 protein amino acid such as Gly 73","PeriodicalId":74135,"journal":{"name":"MedComm - Future medicine","volume":"2 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/mef2.57","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49115520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chemoimmunotherapy for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma—Summary and discussion of recent clinical trials","authors":"Zhen Zhang,&nbsp;Jiaqian Huang,&nbsp;Yuhong Xu,&nbsp;Huiyan Luo","doi":"10.1002/mef2.56","DOIUrl":"10.1002/mef2.56","url":null,"abstract":"As a kind of carcinoma with increasing morbidity, poor prognosis, and high mortality, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is challenging for clinical management. Chemotherapy has been the standard treatment for ESCC over decades, while its clinical outcomes remain unsatisfying. And the regimen that combine standard chemotherapy with targeted therapy also demonstrates little effect. However, the advent of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) proved to be a game changer in cancer treatment. Recent clinical trials had sprung up to evaluate the combined effect of ICI and chemotherapy regarding first‐line ESCC treatment. What's more, researchers attempt to explore the possibility to implement ICI monotherapy regarding second‐line ESCC treatment. In conclusion, most of the first‐line trails present inspiring achievement, while ICI monotherapy indicates little improvement for ESCC treatment. To point out the heterogenicity that could be the potential reasons biasing the pooled results, the differences of PD‐L1 immunohistochemistry (IHC) assays, geographic regions, chemotherapy regimens, and sex disparity among these trails are discussed respectively. In addition, the adverse events occurred during the trails are summarized, which confirm the safety of immunotherapy and chemoimmunotherapy. The article comprehensively reviews the representative explorations of using chemoimmunotherapy strategies in ESCC, as well as the deficiencies among them. Moreover, we highlight some feasible approaches. It will be beneficial for conducting more precise clinical trials on chemoimmunotherapy for ESCC in the future, including the use of more appropriate PD‐L1 IHC assays, careful consideration of the heterogeneity of the enrolled population and the optimal combination of chemotherapy and ICI.","PeriodicalId":74135,"journal":{"name":"MedComm - Future medicine","volume":"2 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/mef2.56","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46978060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Causality between COVID-19 and female reproductive function: A Mendelian randomization study","authors":"Bowen Zhang,&nbsp;Jixue Xu,&nbsp;Junzhi Liang,&nbsp;Mingjun Hao,&nbsp;Yuexin Yu,&nbsp;Jingzan Wei,&nbsp;Yuanyuan Fang,&nbsp;Zhijing Na,&nbsp;Da Li","doi":"10.1002/mef2.55","DOIUrl":"10.1002/mef2.55","url":null,"abstract":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) has experienced a global pandemic, and currently, the emergence of its variants has posed challenges in terms of prevention and treatment. Nonetheless, the effect of COVID‐19 infection on female reproductive function is unclear. This study aimed to systematically evaluate for the first time the causal effect of COVID‐19 on female reproductive function. Genetic correlations were assessed using linkage disequilibrium score regression. Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was performed using summary statistics of two variables, including COVID‐19 severity and eight female reproductive traits. The three degrees of severity had genetically significant associations with sex hormone‐binding globulin (SHBG) concentrations (rg = –0.153, p = 0.004; rg = –0.187, p < 0.001; rg = –0.180, p = 0.003). Additionally, MR showed that SHBG (β = –0.020, p = 0.040) and total testosterone levels (β = –0.061, p = 0.009) followed a decreasing trend, as the COVID‐19 infection higher. No significant genetic association was found between COVID‐19 infection and total estradiol concentrations, menstruation, and female infertility. Simultaneously, MR found no causal relationships between COVID‐19 infection and total estradiol concentrations, menstruation, and female infertility (all p > 0.05). In conclusion, COVID‐19 was causally associated with lower SHBG and total testosterone concentrations, offering invaluable insights that will help guide clinical decision‐making.","PeriodicalId":74135,"journal":{"name":"MedComm - Future medicine","volume":"2 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/mef2.55","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45315108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The epidemiological and clinical characteristics of COVID-19 patients admitted to a Fangcang shelter hospital in Beijing before the change in China's prevention and control policy","authors":"Xiaolong Xu,&nbsp;Hui Jiang,&nbsp;Maochen Li,&nbsp;Jvjv Shang,&nbsp;Yifan Shi,&nbsp;Yumeng Yan,&nbsp;Xintong Li,&nbsp;Shuang Song,&nbsp;Chunxia Zhao,&nbsp;Chunming Zhao,&nbsp;Chongpei Cen,&nbsp;Bo Li,&nbsp;Huahao Fan,&nbsp;Qingquan Liu","doi":"10.1002/mef2.54","DOIUrl":"10.1002/mef2.54","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In November 2022, a large number of Omicron infections suddenly appeared in Beijing, but the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of the epidemic cases were unknown. We collected the data on COVID-19 cases in Fangcang Hospital in Beijing from November 20, 2022, to December 8, 2022, and analyzed the epidemiological and clinical characteristics. Of the enrolled study, 85.9% were asymptomatic and 14.1% were mild. Epidemiological data showed that the transmission speed of the Omicron variant was fast and the transmission range was wide, large-scale infections occurred in both rural and urban areas, and all age groups were susceptible to the Omicron variant. In addition, antipyretics and cough drugs were the two most used drugs, because 51.3% and 22.7% of patients had fever and cough, respectively, and 10.3% of patients took hypnotics. Furthermore, the proportion of patients with chronic diseases was low (13.9%), while the vaccination rate (71.2%) was relatively high. Based on the results, we found that most mild and asymptomatic cases did not need treatment, indicating that home isolation is correct and feasible. Although SARS-CoV-2 variants have characteristics such as high infectivity and immune-escape ability, the public should not be too afraid of COVID-19 infection; appropriate measures such as wearing masks and maintaining social distancing are sufficient to prevent reinfection.</p>","PeriodicalId":74135,"journal":{"name":"MedComm - Future medicine","volume":"2 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/mef2.54","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49150120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PM2.5 air pollutant drives the initiate of lung adenocarcinoma","authors":"Yuhong Xu,&nbsp;Huiyan Luo","doi":"10.1002/mef2.53","DOIUrl":"10.1002/mef2.53","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Recently, researchers from Cancer Research UK and The Francis Crick Institute published a paper entitled “Lung adenocarcinoma promotion by air pollutants” in Nature.<span>¹</span> The study focused on the impact of air pollutants, specifically PM2.5, on lung adenocarcinoma development. By analyzing human data and conducting subsequent animal experiments, the researchers found that air pollutants PM2.5 leads to an influx of macrophages into the lung and triggers the release of interleukin-1β. This, in turn, induces a progenitor-like cell state within estimated glomerular filtration rate (EGFR) mutant lung alveolar type II epithelial cells, fueling tumorigenesis, and potentially exacerbating pre-existing cancerous mutations in normal tissues.</p><p>While the association between smoking and lung cancer risk is well-established, attention has increasingly turned towards understanding the carcinogenic factors in never-smokers. As the eighth leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the United Kingdom, lung cancer in never-smokers (LCINS) is often an adenocarcinoma carrying the EGFR mutation.<span>²</span> In an effort to identify significant factors influencing the development of lung cancer LCINS, the researchers analyzed environmental and epidemiological data from 32,957 cases of EGFR-driven lung cancer in the United Kingdom, Canada, South Korea, Taiwan, and China. The findings revealed a correlation between increased levels of PM2.5 and a higher incidence of lung cancer among the study participants. Later analysis of 407,509 individuals from the UK Biobank support these results, demonstrating significant increase in the projected incidence of lung cancer among those exposed to high levels of PM2.5. The researchers also conducted a 3-year follow-up study involving 228 Canadian lung cancer patients. The incidence of lung cancer was found to be significantly higher (73%) in those exposed to high levels of PM2.5 compared to those exposed to low levels (40%). Notably, this association was not observed in the Canadian cohort over a 20-year period, suggesting that 3 years of exposure to high levels of pollution may be sufficient to produce cancer.</p><p>Hill et al. further employed genetically engineered mice carrying EGFR mutations (EGFR^L858R) associated with human cancer to functionally investigate whether PM2.5 exposure promoted the development of lung adenocarcinoma. The study revealed that mice were exposed to similar air pollution particles, resulting in a higher likelihood of developing lung tumors compared to control mice not exposed to pollution particles. The same experiments were performed on genetically engineered mice with Kras mutations, a common mutation in various lung tumors, yielding similar results. Through spatial analysis of clonal dynamics, the researchers discovered that PM2.5 promotes early tumorigenesis through two mechanisms: increasing the number of EGFR-mutated cells capable of forming tumors","PeriodicalId":74135,"journal":{"name":"MedComm - Future medicine","volume":"2 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/mef2.53","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44605933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Computational study unravels inhibitory potential of epicatechin gallate against inflammatory and pyroptosis-associated mediators in COVID-19","authors":"Prem Rajak,&nbsp;Abhratanu Ganguly","doi":"10.1002/mef2.52","DOIUrl":"10.1002/mef2.52","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) is the global health emergency caused by SARS-CoV-2. Upon infection, antigenic determinants of the virus trigger massive production of proinflammatory/pyroptosis-associated proteins, resulting in cytokine storm, tissue damage, and multiorgan failure. Therefore, these proinflammatory/pyroptosis-associated mediators are promising therapeutic targets to combat COVID-19. Epicatechin gallate (ECG) is a polyphenol found in green tea. It has antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties. Hence, in the present study, ECG was selected to explore its binding potential for inflammatory mediators such as interleukins, interferon-γ (IFNγ), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), along with their native receptors. In addition, the interacting potential of ECG with pyroptosis-associated proteins, viz. caspases and BAX has also been investigated. Molecular docking analysis has revealed that ECG interacts with interleukins, IFNγ, TNF-α, cytokine receptors, caspase-1/4/11, and BAX with significant binding affinity. Several amino acid residues of these mediators were blocked by ECG through stable hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic contacts. ECG interacted with caspase-11, BAX, and TNF-R1 with better binding affinities. Therefore, the present in silico study indicates that ECG could be a potential drug to subvert cytokine storm and pyroptosis during COVID-19.</p>","PeriodicalId":74135,"journal":{"name":"MedComm - Future medicine","volume":"2 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/mef2.52","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45414639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using ChatGPT in a clinical setting: A case report","authors":"Yongqin Ye,&nbsp;Shuvam Sarkar,&nbsp;Anand Bhaskar,&nbsp;Brian Tomlinson,&nbsp;Olivia Monteiro","doi":"10.1002/mef2.51","DOIUrl":"10.1002/mef2.51","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Large language models (LLMs) are rapidly becoming an important foundation model that has infiltrated our daily lives in many ways. The release of GPT-3 and GPT-4, a LLM that is capable of natural language processing (NLP) that has been trained on terabytes of text data through transfer learning to apply knowledge gained from a previous task to solve a different but related problem, immediately captured the attention of the medical field to investigate how LLMs can be used to process and interpret electronic health records and to streamline clinical writing.<span>¹</span> NLP models have traditionally been used mainly as diagnostic aids in healthcare. Its use generally requires supervised learning on manually labeled and training datasets with a huge involvement of time from healthcare professionals.<span>²</span> NLP models often lack precision, accuracy and mostly only accessible by the developers. Recent LLMs with their transformer and reinforcement learning with human feedback, have enabled better precision in text generation. The advancement of GPT-3 (Generative Pre-Trained Transformer, commonly known as ChatGPT) demonstrated that LLMs can rapidly adapt to new tasks resulting in better generalization. Also, ChatGPT has a simple interface, which has enabled broad adoption and use. Having such a versatile and user-friendly tool at our fingertips means that we can adapt to use LLMs for basic tasks such as generating clinical reports, providing clinical support, or to synthesize patient data from multiple sources.</p><p>We have used this case report as an opportunity to demonstrate the practicality of ChatGPT in basic writing tasks in a clinical context. This case report is obtained from two teaching videos uploaded by TTMedcastTraining Texas Tech University on YouTube. The two videos are of a patient called Jonathan who presented with bilateral knee pain with a history of sickle cell disease. One video is the bedside presentation of the patient by a medical intern, another is a group discussion of treatment plans for this patient. Since GPT-3 can only deal with text input, we have downloaded the transcript from each video. The transcripts sometimes contain people talking at the same time, filler words, mispronounced words, or incomplete sentences. Unaltered transcripts were submitted to ChatGPT separately for interpretation.</p><p>The workflow of using ChatGPT to generate the case report is summarized in Figure 1. We fed the transcript of Video 1 into ChatGPT and asked it to write a case report from it (Case Report 1). Then, we used the transcript of Video 2 to create Case Report 2. ChatGPT was asked to combine the two reports without summarizing and offer a diagnosis and a treatment plan. We also asked ChatGPT to write the final case report in the style for the New England Journal of Medicine. This process took around 1.5 h, including time the authors spent watching the videos. The full case report is found in Supportin","PeriodicalId":74135,"journal":{"name":"MedComm - Future medicine","volume":"2 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/mef2.51","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47396186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}