MalariaWorld journal最新文献

{"title":"Clinical spectrum and complications of <i>Plasmodium vivax</i> malaria: A retrospective study from Delhi, India.","authors":"Dharmander Singh, Azhar Uddin, Kanupriya Bajaj, Arushi Chaturvedi, Radhika Garg, Kailash Chandra, Ayan Das, Sunil Kohli, Vineet Jain","doi":"10.5281/zenodo.17120057","DOIUrl":"10.5281/zenodo.17120057","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong><i>Plasmodium vivax</i> malaria, traditionally regarded as benign, is now recognised to cause severe illness. India bears a high burden of <i>P. vivax</i> malaria, yet data on its clinical spectrum and severity predictors remain limited. This study aimed to describe the clinical and laboratory profile of <i>P. vivax</i> malaria and identify risk factors for severe disease in a tertiary care setting.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A retrospective study of 361 patients diagnosed with <i>P. vivax</i> malaria between June 2020 and May 2024 was conducted at a tertiary hospital in South Delhi, India. Diagnosis was confirmed by peripheral smear and/or rapid diagnostic tests. Patients were categorised into complicated and uncomplicated groups using WHO criteria. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data were analysed with chi-square test, odds ratios, correlation analysis, and logistic regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 361 patients, 167 (46.3%) had complications. Mean age was 31 years with male predominance (64.6%), though complications were more frequent in females (42% vs. 32%, P=0.039). Anaemia (73.4%), thrombocytopenia (57.9%), and leucocytosis were common. Thrombocytopenia (OR 3.20, P<0.001) and leucocytosis (OR 2.37, P<0.05) were significantly linked to severity. Elevated creatinine (OR=6.07, P 0.001) and hyperbilirubinemia (OR=3.71, P<0.001) strongly correlated with complications. Breathlessness and pleural effusion were also more common in severe cases. Strong associations were observed between anaemia and hyperbilirubinemia (r 0.75), bleeding and ARDS (r 0.82), and mortality with shock (r=0.74).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Nearly half of <i>P. vivax</i> cases developed severe complications, challenging its benign perception. Anaemia, thrombocytopenia, leucocytosis, and organ dysfunction were key severity markers. Higher complication rates in females and afebrile cases highlight diagnostic and social challenges. Early recognition of atypical features and vigilant monitoring are crucial to improve outcomes in endemic regions.</p>","PeriodicalId":74100,"journal":{"name":"MalariaWorld journal","volume":"16 ","pages":"17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12448373/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145115144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Issues associated with malaria self-medication in sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic literature review and meta-analysis.","authors":"John I Amaka, Ewan MacLeod, Kim Picozzi, Jenna Fyfe, Ifeoma C Ezenyi, Idayat S Ijaiya, Daniel D Attah, Benedict A Godwin, Victor U Obisike, Muhammed M Galamaji","doi":"10.5281/zenodo.17054133","DOIUrl":"10.5281/zenodo.17054133","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Malaria is a leading cause of death in sub-Saharan Africa, which is home to more than 90% of both cases and deaths globally. Self-medication with antimalarials is a common practice in the region, mainly due to high malaria endemicity, poverty, and difficulty in accessing services in formal settings. Malaria self-medication is implicated in the rising trend of antimalarial drug resistance which threatens decades of gains made in controlling the disease. Previous studies have somewhat itemised the reasons for malaria self-medication and the factors driving it but have not been able to estimate the overall prevalence of the practice and its dynamics over time regarding period, region and country.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA), a systematic review of literature and meta-analysis on malaria self-medication in sub-Saharan Africa was conducted by searching PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Scopus and Embase databases for relevant studies written in English and published up to 12th April, 2023, using a combination of different keywords derived from the main keywords ('malaria', 'self-medication' and 'sub-Saharan Africa'), broadening chances of retrieval by using Boolean operators 'OR' and 'AND'.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twenty-seven studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the review, giving rise to a pooled prevalence of 55.3% for malaria self-medication. Factors driving self-medication with antimalarials in the region include low-income level, cheap availability of non-prescription drugs, large family size, lack of health insurance, difficulty in accessing healthcare in formal settings and previous satisfactory use of specific drugs.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Due to the underlying factors driving the practice, health authorities and regulatory agencies in sub-Saharan Africa should step up actions by incorporating stakeholders in the informal drug market into a framework that advocates for an enlightened use of antimalarial drugs in the management of the disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":74100,"journal":{"name":"MalariaWorld journal","volume":"16 ","pages":"16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12424091/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145066409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Undetected <i>Plasmodium malariae</i> and <i>P. ovale</i> infections in HRP2 RDT-positive children with uncomplicated malaria in Nanoro, Burkina Faso.","authors":"Amélé Fifi Chantal Kouevi, Ipéné Mylène Carenne Bayala, Paul Sondo, Bérenger Kaboré, Kié Solange Millogo, Sié A Elisée Kambou, Eulalie W Compaore, Moustapha Nikiema, Adama Kazienga, Toussaint Rouamba, Awa Gnémé, Halidou Tinto","doi":"10.5281/zenodo.15965746","DOIUrl":"10.5281/zenodo.15965746","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The widespread use of histidine-rich protein 2 (HPR2)-based rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs), specific to <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> in endemic areas may underestimate the weight of minor species such as <i>P. malariae</i> and <i>P. ovale</i> in malaria transmission. This study aimed to determine the extent of undetected <i>P. malariae</i> and <i>P. ovale</i> infections in children with positive diagnosis of uncomplicated malaria based on HRP2 RDT in the Nanoro health district, Burkina Faso.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Children <5 yrs with uncomplicated malaria confirmed by HRP2 RDT were recruited from July 2021 to June 2022 in five peripheral health facilities of the Nanoro health district. Blood samples were collected from finger prick for malaria species identification by microscopy and nested PCR. The prevalence of <i>P. malariae</i>, <i>P. ovale</i>, and mixed infections was estimated as the ratio of positive cases over the total samples analysed. Binomial generalised linear models were used to assess the effect of age and sex on the positivity rate of mixed infections.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Over the study period, 207 children with uncomplicated malaria who tested positive for the HRP2 antigen were included. Microscopy detected 4 non-<i>falciparum</i> cases: 3 <i>P. malariae</i> and 1 <i>P. ovale</i>. In addition to these patent cases, sub-patent infection with <i>P. ovale</i> and <i>P. malariae</i> were detected in 6 and 5 cases, respectively. Mixed infections with non-<i>falciparum</i> species exhibited lower parasite densities than mono-infections with <i>P. falciparum</i> alone. There was no effect of gender or age on the mixed infection positivity rate (X²=0.16, p=0.683).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The widespread use of HPR2-based RDTs underestimate the burden of non-<i>falciparum</i> species. In the context of eliminating malaria, new diagnostic tools allowing the detection of <i>Plasmodium</i> species other than <i>P. falciparum</i> must be deployed.</p>","PeriodicalId":74100,"journal":{"name":"MalariaWorld journal","volume":"16 ","pages":"15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12278796/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144683675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding malaria in rural Uganda: a cross-sectional study.","authors":"Michelle L Cathorall, Andrew Peachey, Saidah Najjuma","doi":"10.5281/zenodo.15776707","DOIUrl":"10.5281/zenodo.15776707","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Malaria is endemic in 96% of Uganda, making targeted malaria prevention programming critical to malaria elimination. In areas with low transmission rates prevention resources are limited to mass distribution of bednets every three years. Mosquito nets remain one of the most efficient and affordable malaria prevention strategies. While net distributions have increased net ownership, that has not translated to a comparable increase in net use. The Luwero District is one of two areas with increased rates of severe malaria between 2017-2021. Findings from previous studies indicate that there are a variety of factors associated with individuals choosing not to use a net even when available.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This study examined community members' knowledge about malaria, their prevention methods, net ownership, net characteristics, and net use. Using a convenience sample of 106 adults, quantitative data were collected using a structured, in-person survey in four villages in central rural Uganda. Questions and response categories were read aloud; the researcher documented each response electronically. Descriptive statistics were used to characterise the sample populations. Theoretical constructs were compared between those with and without a recent diagnosis of malaria with the household. Logistic regression was used to determine the association between the theoretical constructs and recent malaria diagnosis after controlling for demographic characteristics.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Findings from this study indicate high rates of net ownership and self-reported use within the rural areas. Perceived susceptibility and barriers were greater among those with a recent diagnosis of malaria within the household. The positive association remained significant after controlling for household size.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Understanding the specific factors related to individuals' knowledge and use of bednets is key to reducing rates of severe malaria.</p>","PeriodicalId":74100,"journal":{"name":"MalariaWorld journal","volume":"16 ","pages":"14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12231759/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144585762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"\"From the river to the sea, Palestine will be free\" - a chant that hampers the very foundation of malaria elimination around the world.","authors":"Anton Alexander","doi":"10.5281/zenodo.15740720","DOIUrl":"10.5281/zenodo.15740720","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":74100,"journal":{"name":"MalariaWorld journal","volume":"16 ","pages":"13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12207566/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144531511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of long-lasting insecticidal nets for malaria elimination in Laos (2016-2023).","authors":"Nouanthong Navalith, Heon Jae Jeong, Yeun Soo Yang, Nouanthong Phonethipsavanh, Sangyune Kim, Sunjoo Kang","doi":"10.5281/zenodo.15479515","DOIUrl":"10.5281/zenodo.15479515","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Malaria remains a significant health challenge in Laos, particularly in the southern provinces with dense forests and mobile populations. Despite progress in reducing cases, socio-environmental factors drive its persistence.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Using data from 2016 to 2023, trends were analysed with P-trend analysis, and effects of long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLIN) and climate on malaria incidence were assessed via Poisson regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During this period, malaria incidence decreased by 95.5%, underscoring the success of elimination strategies. LLIN distribution led to a 54.1% reduction in incidence (IRR=0.459; p 0.002). Climate factors did not significantly influence transmission rates (IRR=0.67; p 0.717).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The critical role of LLINs in reducing malaria incidence is evident. To support the national elimination goal for 2030, interventions must maintain consistent coverage and community engagement. Future research should focus on localised climatic data and address specific challenges in regions like Khammouane Province, enhancing the effectiveness of malaria control programmes and improving intervention strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":74100,"journal":{"name":"MalariaWorld journal","volume":"16 ","pages":"11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12107291/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144162803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geo-temporal study of clinical malaria in an endemic zone in southern Mali: The case of the Kolondieba health district from 2019 to 2021.","authors":"Ibrahima Berthé, Mady Cissoko, Mamady Koné, Donatien Serge Mbaga, Alou Diaby, Abdramane Konaté, Ismaila Théra, Bayaya Haidara, Abdoulaye Ongoiba, Tahirou Togola, Modibo Diarra, Ousmane Boua Togola, Amagoron Dit Mathias Dolo, Souleymane Diarra, Bourahima Koné, Yacouba Koné, Lassana Sissoko, Leon Paul Rabarijaona, Cheick Abou Coulibaly, Cheick Amadou Tidiane Traore, Issaka Sagara","doi":"10.5281/zenodo.15676301","DOIUrl":"10.5281/zenodo.15676301","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Malaria remains a significant public health challenge in Mali, particularly in endemic areas such as the Kolondieba health district. This study aimed to analyse the geo-temporal dynamics of clinical malaria transmission, identifying high-risk periods, vulnerable age groups and associated environmental and health determinants.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A historical cohort study was conducted from 2019 to 2021 across 21 health facilities in the Kolondieba district. Epidemiological, climatic, and demographic data were analysed using geospatial tools (QGIS) and statistical software (R). The non-parametric Wilcoxon and Kruskall-Wallis tests were used to compare two means and population malaria incidence distribution, respectively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The incidence of malaria exhibited seasonality influenced by precipitation and humidity, while elevated temperatures were associated with a decrease in malaria incidence. Periods of high transmission potential (HTP) last for 20-25 weeks annually (weeks 23-48) and peak around weeks 30-31. Malaria accounted for 53.71% of consultation reasons, with pronounced vulnerability observed in children aged 0-4 yrs, especially during high transmission periods. Spatial stratification revealed two risk levels: 5 health areas at moderate risk (incidence 251-450 cases/1000 inhabitants) and 16 at high risk (>450 cases/1000 inhabitants). Health center attendance was a more determining risk factor.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study highlights the spatial and temporal heterogeneity of malaria transmission in southern Mali, emphasising the necessity to target interventions during weeks 23-48 (June through November), among children <5 yrs of age, in health areas with high health centre attendance. The integration of socio-economic factors in future studies could refine control strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":74100,"journal":{"name":"MalariaWorld journal","volume":"16 ","pages":"12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12180485/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144478142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The 1922 Zionist launch of sustainable malaria control and an examination of the education which enabled that control.","authors":"Anton Alexander, Bart G J Knols","doi":"10.5281/zenodo.15389413","DOIUrl":"10.5281/zenodo.15389413","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper examines why there was the necessity for prioritising sustainable malaria control in Palestine in 1922. It then follows by reviewing the method employed by the Zionists to achieve that goal. It also examines the difficulties encountered in organising education for the inhabitants and further examines evidence of the effectiveness of the education.</p>","PeriodicalId":74100,"journal":{"name":"MalariaWorld journal","volume":"16 ","pages":"10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12086349/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144103295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing IPTp-SP uptake: Community and stakeholder recommendations for improving access and utilisation - insights from a study in Bayelsa-Nigeria.","authors":"Patricia Ogba, Andrea Baumann, Tunde Alabi, Norm Archer, Joshua Eniojukan, Bonny Ibhawoh, Deborah D DiLiberto","doi":"10.5281/zenodo.15351243","DOIUrl":"10.5281/zenodo.15351243","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Malaria remains a major global health challenge, disproportionately affecting pregnant women and children. In Nigeria, malaria in pregnancy contributes to 70.5% of maternal morbidity and 41.1% of maternal mortality. Recognising these risks, the World Health Organization recommends intermittent preventive treatment with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (IPTp-SP) as a key strategy for malaria in pregnancy prevention. However, despite its proven effectiveness, pregnant women's uptake of IPTp-SP remains unacceptably low. This study presents participant-driven recommendations to enhance IPTp-SP uptake, structured within the socio-ecological framework.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This study employed an exploratory descriptive qualitative approach to examine the community-level contextual factors influencing IPTp-SP uptake. Data were collected from 53 participants in two communities in Bayelsa, Nigeria. Individual interviews were conducted with 17 key stakeholders (spouses, mothers-in-law, religious leaders, community leaders, and traditional birth attendants) and 6 focus group discussions with 36 pregnant women. Data management and coding were conducted using NVivo 14 QSR International software, following an inductive-deductive thematic analysis approach.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Participants proposed multi-level interventions to address barriers to IPTp-SP uptake at the individual, interpersonal, community, and healthcare system levels. Key recommendations include: Community-wide education campaigns to raise awareness of IPTp-SP's benefits; comprehensive training for healthcare providers to enhance their knowledge and prescription of IPTp-SP; integration of traditional birth attendants into the formal healthcare system; community-level distribution of IPTp-SP to improve access for pregnant women who do not attend antenatal care; government intervention to ensure the functionality of health centers; addressing workforce shortages, and guaranteeing a consistent supply of IPTp-SP.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These evidence-based, participant-driven recommendations offer a holistic and scalable strategy to improve pregnant women's uptake of IPTp-SP in Nigeria and other malaria-endemic regions. Implementing these recommendations can strengthen malaria prevention efforts, improve maternal and child health outcomes, and support broader public health initiatives.</p>","PeriodicalId":74100,"journal":{"name":"MalariaWorld journal","volume":"16 ","pages":"9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12070241/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144013747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic diversity of <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> in people living with HIV in Ogbomoso, Nigeria: Implications for malaria transmission and treatment.","authors":"Adedolapo B Olorunfemi, Damilola E Odesola, Ure C Mbabie, Oreoluwa H Makinde, Iyanuoluwa O Olaosebikan, Ogunniran A James, Adeola O Ayoola, Oluyinka O Opaleye, Olusola Ojurongbe","doi":"10.5281/zenodo.15175103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15175103","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>HIV and malaria coexist in individuals across sub-Saharan Africa, a region profoundly impacted by both diseases. <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> exhibits significant genetic diversity in high-transmission areas, which may further complicate the clinical outcomes of people living with HIV (PLWH). This study investigates the genetic diversity of <i>P. falciparum</i> among PLWH in Ogbomoso, Nigeria.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A total of 254 blood samples were collected from HIV-positive patients attending clinics at LAUTECH Teaching Hospital and BOWEN Teaching Hospital in Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria. Malaria infection was diagnosed using a rapid diagnostic test (RDT), microscopy, and nested polymerase chain reaction (nPCR). Genotyping of <i>msp-1</i>, <i>msp-2</i>, and <i>glurp</i> genes was performed to assess genetic diversity. The distribution of allelic families was analysed descriptively using SPSS v.27, and a p-value≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the 254 samples, females (72.8%; mean age 40.7 years) were the most predominant. The prevalence of <i>P. falciparum</i> was 5.9%, 55.1%, and 40.6% by RDT, microscopy, and nPCR, respectively. The <i>msp-1</i> geno-typing identified 170 distinct variants, with the K1, MAD20, and RO33 families detected at frequencies of 34.7%, 30.0%, and 35.3%, respectively. The <i>msp-2</i> genotyping revealed 56 alleles, predominantly from the FC27 family (73.2%). The multiplicity of infection (MOI) for <i>msp-1</i>, <i>msp-2</i>, and <i>glurp</i> genes was 2.02, 1.13, and 1.00, respectively, while the expected heterozygosity (H_E) values were 0.86, 0.52, and 0.10, respectively. Most <i>msp-1</i> (68.5%) and <i>glurp</i> (31.1%) samples exhibited polyclonality, whereas <i>msp-2</i> samples were predominantly monoclonal (22.1%). .</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Despite the high malaria transmission intensity in the region, <i>P. falciparum</i> isolates from PLWH exhibited relatively low genetic diversity, suggesting a potential reduction in malaria transmission and signalling the effectiveness of malaria control strategies. Further studies are needed to explore the underlying factors leading to reduced transmission and low genetic variations in this population and their potential impact on malaria transmission and treatment outcomes in PLWH.</p>","PeriodicalId":74100,"journal":{"name":"MalariaWorld journal","volume":"16 ","pages":"8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11999057/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144030157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}