MalariaWorld journal最新文献

{"title":"What if professional mosquito abatement in Africa started in a refugee camp?","authors":"Silas Majambere","doi":"10.5281/zenodo.14278016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14278016","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the aftermath of the 2015 political crisis in Burundi, a humanitarian organisation, Maison Shalom, fled the country to Rwanda with tens of thousands of Burundians. In an attempt to assist their compatriots, a group of Burundians in the diaspora created the Académie <i>Ubuntu</i> and teamed with Maison Shalom to give online classes to the refugees. With courage and determination and despite the conditions in the refugee camp and the language barrier, 17 refugees successfully completed the 'Best Practices for Integrated Mosquito Management Virtual Training Programme', offered by the American Mosquito Control Association. These 17 refugees are determined to put these skills to work and perhaps start the very first mosquito abatement programme in Africa.</p>","PeriodicalId":74100,"journal":{"name":"MalariaWorld journal","volume":"15 ","pages":"14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11627122/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142803921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A shot in the foot: Could chemical control of malaria vectors threaten food security?","authors":"Bart G J Knols","doi":"10.5281/zenodo.13969756","DOIUrl":"10.5281/zenodo.13969756","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Overwhelmingly, contemporary malaria vector control equals the use of chemical pesticides (through insecticide-treated bednets or indoor residual spraying). Gradually, but surely, we have become enslaved to thinking that controlling malaria mosquitoes equals the use of chemical insecticides, and much of the vector control field today is dominated by scientists, lobbyists, chemical companies, funding agencies and (global) institutions that endlessly repeat this dogmatic belief. Although chemical control has undoubtedly saved millions of lives, which, morally speaking would immediately justify its continued use, it has many sides that may ultimately cost more lives than it saves. Not only the cyclical problems with insecticide resistance, but also our increased understanding of the human and environmental health impacts of these chemicals, continue to raise red flags. Furthermore, the millions of kilogrammes of annual bednet waste (polyethylene, polypropylene) and bednet packaging material cannot be ignored. In recent years, an abundance of evidence that the use of chemical pesticides is a prime cause for the global decline in insect biodiversity and abundance has surfaced. The rate at which this decline is happening is frightening and may sooner rather than later threaten food production on a global scale. Should we opt for saving lives in the short term by using chemicals and face devastating and irrevocable long-term consequences or become wise(r) in the way we control malaria mosquitoes?</p>","PeriodicalId":74100,"journal":{"name":"MalariaWorld journal","volume":"15 ","pages":"13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11502436/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142514257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Did antisemitism mislead and conceal from the world's malaria community the first start anywhere of a successful national malaria elimination campaign?","authors":"Anton Alexander","doi":"10.5281/zenodo.13934894","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13934894","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>For many years, the malaria community appears to have stumbled and fumbled along in its effort to control malaria with varying results that have often been ineffective. This article makes the suggestion the malaria community has appeared to avoid studying or applying methods that are acknowledged to have been successful in Palestine 100 years ago. The article further suggests such avoidance arose due to an anti-semitic minority element in the Palestine Arab leadership in the 1920s and '30s which sought to inflame the general Palestine Arab populace against the Jews (who had initiated the malaria control) by dishonestly explaining the Arab woes in Palestine had been caused by the Jews. The article asks the question if today's anti-semitism has perpetuated the '20s and '30s Palestine anti-semitism and has thereby continued to discourage the malaria community today from openly adopting the successful anti-malaria methods employed in Palestine 100 years ago.</p>","PeriodicalId":74100,"journal":{"name":"MalariaWorld journal","volume":"15 ","pages":"12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11537171/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142585259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors influencing health workers' adherence to malaria treatment guidelines in under-five children in Nigeria: A scoping review.","authors":"Ifeoma C Ezenyi, Kim Picozzi, John I Amaka, Obi P Adigwe","doi":"10.5281/zenodo.13934643","DOIUrl":"10.5281/zenodo.13934643","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Malaria is a leading cause of mortality in children aged 5 years and below in Nigeria. Treatment guidelines stipulate among other recommendations, testing by microscopy or a rapid diagnostic test (RDT) before treatment. Non-adherence to these guidelines portends a challenge, especially among vulnerable under-five children. This study explored the factors influencing Nigerian public health workers' (HWs) adherence to these guidelines in under-five children.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A review of literature published between 2011- 2023 was conducted on Web of Science, Ovid Embase, Medline, Global Health, CAB Abstracts, Scopus, and Global Index Medicus. Data was extracted and analyzed under 4 themes: diagnosis, compliance with test results, use of recommended treatment, post-treatment counselling and severe malaria management.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Nineteen (19) studies were included for review. Training and supervision, RDT and antimalarial availability, good knowledge of, and positive perception of RDTs promoted adherence to mRDT use. A lack of confidence in RDTs and age (≥ 40 years) fuelled presumptive treatment, especially among clinicians. mRDT and artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) stockouts dissuaded HWs from adhering to case management guidelines. Caregiver pressure for treatment was identified as a barrier to compliance with test results.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>It is important to design context-specific strategies to improve adherence to guidelines for malaria case management, especially in under-five children. Training on the guidelines should be tailored, needs-based, and continuous, and HWs should be supportively supervised in implementing case management. Maintaining an adequate supply of quality-assured mRDTs and antimalarials can facilitate adherence to the guidelines.</p>","PeriodicalId":74100,"journal":{"name":"MalariaWorld journal","volume":"15 ","pages":"11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11537172/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142585264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biochemical features of the Cry4B toxin of <i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i> subsp. <i>israelensis</i> and its interaction with BT-R₃, a bitopic cadherin G-protein coupled receptor in <i>Anopheles gambiae</i>.","authors":"Lee A Bulla","doi":"10.5281/zenodo.13169433","DOIUrl":"10.5281/zenodo.13169433","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The cadherin G-protein coupled receptor BT-R₃ in the mosquito <i>Anopheles gambiae</i> is a single membrane-spanning α-helical (bitopic) protein that represents the most abundant and functionally diverse group of membrane proteins. Binding of the Cry4B toxin of <i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i> subsp. <i>israelensis</i> (Bti) to BT-R₃ triggers a Mg2+-dependent signalling pathway in the mosquito that involves stimulation of G protein α-subunit, which subsequently launches a coordinated signalling cascade involving Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase. Described in this study is the behaviour of the Cry4B purified active protein toxin in solution relative to its protoxin predecessor produced by Bti as well as identification of the region within BT-R₃ of <i>An. gambiae</i> to which the toxin binds.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The relationship and behaviour of protoxin and toxin were ascertained <i>in vitro</i> by solubility studies in an alkaline environment like that of the mosquito larval midgut. To identify the specific toxin-binding site within BT-R₃, the full-length coding sequence of the <i>bt-r3</i> gene was amplified and cloned in pENTR/D-TOTO and subcloned in pXINSECT-DEST38 resulting in recombinant pXINSECT-DEST38-<i>bt-r3</i>. Cytotoxicity was analysed using <i>Trichoplusia ni</i> High Five™ insect cells transfected with the pXINSECT-DEST38-<i>bt-r3</i> plasmid rendering them susceptible to the Cry4B toxin. Truncation mutational analyses, receptor-toxin binding studies and live cell experiments were used to elucidate the toxin-binding site in BT-R₃.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The N-terminal half of the Cry4B protoxin was cleaved releasing active Cry4B toxin. The nontoxic C-terminal portion was degraded into small peptide fragments. The receptor BT-R₃ contained a single toxin-binding site--a 106-amino acid polypeptide bounded by Ile1359 and Ser1464 (¹³⁵⁹IS¹⁴⁶⁴) localized in the 11th cadherin repeat of the receptor.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The structural features of the toxin-binding site are critical to the specificity, selectivity and affinity of the active toxin and for the design and development of novel Bti-based biopesticides.</p>","PeriodicalId":74100,"journal":{"name":"MalariaWorld journal","volume":"15 ","pages":"10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11302571/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141899078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relapsing <i>Plasmodium vivax</i> malaria in a 12-year-old Brazilian girl: A case report.","authors":"Ezequias B Martins, Anielle de Pina-Costa, Roxana F Mamani, Otilia Lupi, Guilherme A Calvet, Clarisse S Bressan, Michele F B Silva, André M Siqueira, Sidnei da Silva, Graziela Maria Zanini, Maria de Fátima Ferreira-da-Cruz, Cláudio Tadeu Daniel-Ribeiro, Patrícia Brasil","doi":"10.5281/zenodo.11125657","DOIUrl":"10.5281/zenodo.11125657","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Plasmodium vivax</i> causes the vast majority of malaria cases in Brazil. The lifecycle of this parasite includes a latent stage in the liver, the hypnozoite. Reactivation of hypnozoites induces repeated relapses. We report a case of two relapses of <i>vivax</i> malaria in a teenage girl after conventional treatment with chloroquine and primaquine. Chloroquine prophylactic treatment for three months was prescribed with a favourable outcome of the case.</p>","PeriodicalId":74100,"journal":{"name":"MalariaWorld journal","volume":"15 ","pages":"8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11087666/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140913393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Uneasy bedfellows: Public-Private partnerships for malaria control.","authors":"Jacques D Charlwood","doi":"10.5281/zenodo.11046816","DOIUrl":"10.5281/zenodo.11046816","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>It is argued that reducing poverty is likely to alleviate malaria transmission and that the way to do this is by reducing inequality. The present capitalist system (as opposed to a straightforward market) tends to erode equality and promote profit over product. This may extend to the manufacture of bednets, bought by agencies rather than individual consumers, whose products may suffer from built in obsolescence. It is argued that better quality nets that can be re-impregnated locally are both desired and required. Derek Charlwood (aka Mzshensy#1) started his career as a medical entomologist in 1974 as a Research Assistant in the laboratory of the legendary Mick Gillies. By 2012 he had risen to become a Senior Research Assistant working for the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine and so he is definitely ascending the career ladder. He has worked in numerous malaria endemic countries including Brazil, Papua New Guinea, Tanzania, Cambodia, São Tomé and Príncipe, Mozambique and Eritrea.</p>","PeriodicalId":74100,"journal":{"name":"MalariaWorld journal","volume":"15 ","pages":"9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11070747/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140860992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Palestine 100 years ago seen through the malaria lens: an examination of successful malaria elimination, and of where the malaria community seems to have taken a wrong turning","authors":"A. Alexander","doi":"10.5281/zenodo.10974722","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10974722","url":null,"abstract":"It is acknowledged there exists a trend pointing to a general failure to reduce the global incidence of malaria, and the world watches anxiously in the knowledge resistance to insecticides and drugs has been developing and will intensify. Anton Alexander attempts to remind the malaria community of a successful malaria elimination that began over one hundred years ago, and by examination of that malaria elimination, explain why current anti-malaria campaigns may be considered ineffective. Alexander has conducted historical research into the first start anywhere of a successful national malaria elimination campaign over 100 years ago, and in respect to which his research papers have been published by the MalariaWorld Journal, American Entomologist and Oxford University Press.","PeriodicalId":74100,"journal":{"name":"MalariaWorld journal","volume":"80 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140702688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regaining the path to malaria elimination: Lessons from the pandemic","authors":"Michael Macdonald","doi":"10.5281/zenodo.10948595","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10948595","url":null,"abstract":"The stagnation in malaria elimination efforts can be attributed to several contributing reasons: large populations displaced by conflict and severe weather, insecticide and drug resistance, competing priorities with COVID-19 and Ebola. Part of the problem may also be us and our pre-pandemic systems. The accelerated response to the COVID-19 emergency carries lessons for global efforts against the ‘other emergency’, malaria. Michael has worked in vector control since 1977, beginning with Peace Corps in the Sabah (E. Malaysia) MCP. He earned an Sc.D. from Johns Hopkins researching malaria transmission in Pakistan; lived in Burma, Thailand, Cambodia and Zambia with stints in the US and Geneva supporting programmes throughout Africa and Asia, working for Johns Hopkins and Boston Universities, USAID, WFP, UNHCR, WHO, IVCC and NGOs involved in public health entomology and vector control in Africa and Asia.","PeriodicalId":74100,"journal":{"name":"MalariaWorld journal","volume":"132 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140725708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lessons on malaria vector control from Bashful, Doc, Dopey, Grumpy, Happy, Sneezy, and Sleepy","authors":"Manuel F. Lluberas","doi":"10.5281/zenodo.10907072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10907072","url":null,"abstract":"Despite significant advancements in vector control, malaria continues to expand and claim hundreds of thousands of lives annually. A 1943 animated film by Walt Disney remains a poignant reminder of the ongoing challenge and a good example of interventions that have fallen off the pages of history. It underscores two key points. First, the importance of proactive mosquito control measures and the need for comprehensive strategies targeting mosquitoes at every stage of their life cycle. Second, collaboration between all stakeholders and sustained investment are vital for success in malaria control. Manuel Llu-beras is a public health entomologist renowned globally for assembling the business architecture of mosquito population management initiatives in four continents. He crafted the first WHO Operational Manual for Indoor Residual Spraying (IRS) and played a pivotal role in designing the structure of the IRS campaign of the US President’s Malaria Initiative and several mineral extraction companies. He served in several post-event emergency mosquito control operations. Prior to establishing Mosquito Den LLC in 2021, he was Executive Director for Public Health for H.D. Hudson Manufacturing from 1996 through 2022. He served as medical entomologist for the US Navy a dozen years. His contributions to public health entomology were recognised with the Global Trade Award from the Global Trade Chamber, the Meritorious Service Award of the American Mosquito Control Association, and two nominations for the Rear Admiral Charles S. Stevenson Award for excellence in US Navy Preventive Medicine.","PeriodicalId":74100,"journal":{"name":"MalariaWorld journal","volume":"208 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140752977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}