Lifestyle medicine (Hoboken, N.J.)最新文献

{"title":"Is the lack of appropriate cognitive demand the primary driver of dementia risk?","authors":"Thomas R. Wood,&nbsp;Josh Turknett","doi":"10.1002/lim2.70","DOIUrl":"10.1002/lim2.70","url":null,"abstract":"<p>With the general trend of increasing lifespan alongside population-level success in reducing the mortality from cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, the population burden of Alzheimer's disease (AD) has steadily accelerated. In the United States, the mortality rate due to AD has increased from less than 0.5 per 100,000 in 1980 to approximately 30 per 100,000 in 2019.<span>¹</span> Worldwide, the number of individuals with dementia is expected to at least triple by 2050,<span>²</span> with some reports suggesting that AD has the potential to bankrupt healthcare systems.<span>³</span> At the same time, the development of, and investment in, multiple pharmacological agents directed toward modifying the pathological “hallmarks” of AD have yielded disappointing results. Existing pharmaceuticals offer modest symptomatic benefits, at best, without modifying the course of the disease. Taken together, these factors highlight the urgent need for a critical reappraisal of the underlying risk factors for AD and potential interventions.</p><p>In an attempt to reframe potential preventative and therapeutic approaches to AD, we recently proposed a model that suggests demand–function coupling in the brain is the critical upstream factor driving long-term cognitive function.<span>⁴</span> In this model, we describe how the health and function of any tissue, including the brain, is shaped by the demands placed upon it. In the setting of increased demand, demand–function coupling drives increases in growth and function, but also upregulates processes of cellular repair and regeneration. The result is a tissue that is more resilient, plastic, and with a greater capacity for increased work output in the face of increased requirements. In this way, we propose that the structure and function of the brain are driven by the demands placed upon it, much as cardiac and skeletal muscles respond to exercise. And as muscle or cardiovascular function decline with bed rest or detraining, the structure and function of the brain decline in a coupled manner when adequate demands are not placed upon it. Cognitive decline is then essentially an expression of “frailty” of the brain - defined as lacking additional capacity to function above basic requirements - as a result of reduced demand. Although it may appear subtle, this reframing of the cascade may be critical in understanding the disease process and intervening as healthcare providers. Whereas the prevailing explanations to date have described cognitive activity as a mitigating force; in this model, we propose that cognitive demand instead impacts the primary pathogenetic process. In fact, given the established phenomenon of demand coupling in neural tissue, we believe that this model provides the most parsimonious account of disease pathogenesis.</p><p>In order to explain the approach, we first made two suggestions for a cognitive framework that we believe are essential i","PeriodicalId":74076,"journal":{"name":"Lifestyle medicine (Hoboken, N.J.)","volume":"3 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/lim2.70","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45996131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding ground-up community development from a practice perspective","authors":"Cormac Russell","doi":"10.1002/lim2.69","DOIUrl":"10.1002/lim2.69","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This article offers a practice perspective on Community Development from the ground up regarding health and well-being. It advocates for a departure from traditional Community Engagement approaches, arguing that they fall short of relocating authority to communities as influential health producers. The author affirms that Asset-Based Community Development (ABCD) approaches are preferable Community Engagement practices, as they offer more authentic pathways toward community-centred population health and wellbeing. The article concludes that once effective ground-up community development has been initiated supplementary efforts at reform and relief are more likely to have desired and sustained impact.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":74076,"journal":{"name":"Lifestyle medicine (Hoboken, N.J.)","volume":"3 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/lim2.69","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41319590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The pediatric global burden of stunting: Focus on Latin America","authors":"Clara Rojas Montenegro,&nbsp;Gabriel Gomez,&nbsp;Oscar Hincapie,&nbsp;Svyatoslav Dvoretskiy,&nbsp;Tiffany DeWitt,&nbsp;Daniela Gracia,&nbsp;Juan Diego Misas","doi":"10.1002/lim2.67","DOIUrl":"10.1002/lim2.67","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Stunting is a devastating consequence of poor nutrition from before birth to early childhood. While the prevalence of stunting is decreasing over the past 30 years, approximately 144 million children still suffer from stunting globally and 5 million in Latin America (LATAM).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of stunting globally, with a focus on LATAM. Stunting can impact child development, lead to greater susceptibility to infections, increase functional impairments, and increase mortality risks. Furthermore, the economic negative impact of stunting is large, as stunted children will likely suffer from productivity losses due to chronic diseases in adulthood. The reduction in per capita income of the labor force due to stunting is close to 5% in LATAM; therefore, there is a continued need for comprehensive approaches to address stunting in this region and around the globe.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A multisectoral comprehensive approach to address stunting is required, with nutritional intervention being a key part of that process.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":74076,"journal":{"name":"Lifestyle medicine (Hoboken, N.J.)","volume":"3 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/lim2.67","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49491678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Juggling two pandemics: The simultaneous necessity and difficulty of practising lifestyle medicine during the COVID-19 era","authors":"Alexandra Shipley,&nbsp;Ellen Fallows","doi":"10.1002/lim2.68","DOIUrl":"10.1002/lim2.68","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Since early 2020, COVID-19 has dominated headlines, claimed millions of lives, crippled global economies, overwhelmed health services, attracted multi-disciplinary scientific attention and transformed our daily lives. Unsurprisingly, the Lifestyle Medicine field has not been immune to the pandemic's wide-reaching influence. Although COVID-19 highlighted the necessity of maintaining healthy behaviours, the associated lockdowns and social distancing measures challenged our ability to do so. Attempts to mitigate the spread of COVID-19 may, therefore, have exacerbated the obesity pandemic and other diseases associated with unhealthy lifestyle habits. One hopes this devastating virus provides the impetus for policymakers, clinicians and patients to collaborate in tackling the diseases of modern life. This commentary explores how lifestyle-correlated conditions (which are closely intertwined with socioeconomic factors) rendered much of the UK population vulnerable to COVID-19 infection, morbidity and mortality. Subsequently, we consider the impact of lockdown measures on the accessibility of healthy living, focussing on eating behaviours, physical activity, relationships, sleep and substance abuse, as well as the social demographics particularly affected. Approaching the aftermath of this vicious cycle with optimism, we discuss why the post-Covid era presents a unique opportunity for Lifestyle Medicine, as an evidence-based approach to supporting patients to adopt and sustain healthy behaviours.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":74076,"journal":{"name":"Lifestyle medicine (Hoboken, N.J.)","volume":"3 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9539232/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9916118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insights into optimising education for patients living with diabetes mellitus: A model for the post-pandemic era, informed by survey data","authors":"Petra Hanson,&nbsp;Dilan Parmar,&nbsp;Pranay Deo,&nbsp;Daniella Whyteoshodi,&nbsp;Charlotte Gotts,&nbsp;Paul J. O'Hare,&nbsp;Harpal Randeva,&nbsp;Thomas M. Barber","doi":"10.1002/lim2.64","DOIUrl":"10.1002/lim2.64","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Patient education represents the key element in the management of diabetes mellitus (DM) and has changed dramatically during the last 3 years. Uptake of structured education is poor, and patient perception of received education varies greatly. The purpose of this study was to assess patients’ perception of adequacy of delivered education, barriers to attending structured courses and preferences for ongoing DM-related education.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Patients living with Type 2 DM attending diabetes clinics were invited to complete a questionnaire about their understanding of DM, adequacy of offered education and desired features of future courses, following their clinic appointment at University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire (UHCW). Those interested (<i>n</i> = 146) completed this questionnaire.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Participants’ mean age was 58.2 years (standard deviation [SD] 13.6, median 59, interquartile range [IQR] 50–66), mean body mass index 34.5 Kgm^–2 (SD 9.1, median 33.7 Kgm^–2, IQR 29.8–41.7) and duration of T2DM was 13 years (SD 10, median 10 years, IQR 3–19). Thirty-one per cent of participants received no education at the time of their diagnosis with 51% of participants reporting no ongoing DM-related education. Thirty-seven per cent of participants did not understand the meaning of HbA1c. Preference for face-to-face versus remote delivery of DM-related education was roughly split, with 51% preferring the former. Attention to self-compassion and mental health needs were identified as key elements currently missing from DM-related education.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The provision of DM-related education pre-pandemic did not meet patients’ needs. Gaining insight and understanding into the gaps within current DM-related educational provision and patient preferences for its delivery are key strategies in the development of reformed DM-related education that will ultimately equip patients with improved self-management skills.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":74076,"journal":{"name":"Lifestyle medicine (Hoboken, N.J.)","volume":"3 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/lim2.64","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46399979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Promoting physical activity within eyecare: Addressing the research–policy gap","authors":"Rosie K. Lindsay,&nbsp;Peter M. Allen,&nbsp;Lee Smith","doi":"10.1002/lim2.66","DOIUrl":"10.1002/lim2.66","url":null,"abstract":"<p>On 3 April 2018, <i>Eye</i> published a review titled ‘Physical activity, visual impairment, and eye disease’. The review concluded there was evidence that physical activity may protect against vision loss, and that vision loss causes a decline in physical activity.<span>¹</span> There is also undisputed evidence that physical activity is generally good for us.<span>²</span> Regular physical activity reduces the risk of several leading chronic conditions, and the risk of premature mortality by 20%–30%.<span>³</span></p><p>However, both the ‘Standards of practice for optometrists and dispensing opticians’<span>⁴</span> and ‘The College of Optometrists clinical guidance’<span>⁵</span> do not explicitly state that eyecare professionals should discuss physical activity with patients. Similarly, whilst the Royal College of Ophthalmologists guidance document titled ‘low vision: the essential guide for ophthalmologists’ references physical activity, by stating ‘four modifiable behaviours – smoking, physical inactivity, poor diet and drinking alcohol have been shown to be associated with reduced vision’, the preceding article focuses on smoking cessation with no further mention of physical activity.<span>⁶</span> This is the research–policy gap. There is research to support that physical activity is good for patients; however, there are limited policies designed to promote physical activity to patients within eyecare.</p><p>As of 12 June 2022, if you search PubMed for ‘healthcare policy change’, you will get 69,885 results; if you run the same search replacing ‘healthcare’ with the term ‘eyecare’, you will get eight results. Of course, there are more rigorous methods of searching the literature, but the point is that compared to research exploring how to implement policy change within general healthcare, there is surprisingly scarce literature that focuses on implementing policy change within eyecare. Perhaps it is not surprising then that there is a research–policy gap in the promotion of physical activity within eyecare. However, eyecare can learn from research conducted in other healthcare settings. The following article proposes how to get from stage 1: evidence that physical activity is good for patients, to stage 2: eyecare professionals promoting physical activity to patients.</p><p>However, persuading eyecare professionals to promote physical activity should not stop in the elevator. People are diverse, and messages reach and resonate with different people dependent on their delivery. For example, sharing patient's stories of how physical activity benefited them, visual infographics depicting the benefits of physical activity, physical activity champions (peers who support their fellow colleagues to promote physical activity to patients), and social media can be used to encourage professionals to promote physical activity.<span>⁹</span></p><p>Eyecare professionals nee","PeriodicalId":74076,"journal":{"name":"Lifestyle medicine (Hoboken, N.J.)","volume":"3 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/lim2.66","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43127488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lifestyle Medicine List of Reviewers","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/lim2.58","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lim2.58","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>Lifestyle Medicine</i> would like to thank the following people for their invaluable contribution to the peer-review process during 2021.</p><p>Allan, R. <i>United Kingdom</i></p><p>Amusa, Ganiyu Adeniyi <i>Nigeria</i></p><p>Anderson, Hermione <i>United Kingdom</i></p><p>Barata, Bernardo <i>Portugal</i></p><p>Barua, Lingkan <i>Bangladesh</i></p><p>Chowdhury, M. A. B. <i>United States</i></p><p>Ehrlich, Anna <i>United Kingdom</i></p><p>El-Hamd, Mohammed Abu <i>Egypt</i></p><p>Fair, Cynthia D. <i>United States</i></p><p>Falloon, Karen <i>New Zealand</i></p><p>Fayet-Moore, Flávia <i>Australia</i></p><p>Findlater, Hannah <i>United Kingdom</i></p><p>Haq, Shah Md Atiqul <i>Bangladesh</i></p><p>Heath, Rory <i>United Kingdom</i></p><p>Jóhannsson, Guðmundur <i>Iceland</i></p><p>Junghans Minton, Connie <i>United Kingdom</i></p><p>Lawson, Rob <i>United Kingdom</i></p><p>Manger, Sam <i>Australia</i></p><p>Maniatopoulos, Greg <i>United Kingdom</i></p><p>Maselli, Luigi <i>Italy</i></p><p>Massahikhaleghi, Parissa <i>Iran (the Islamic Republic of)</i></p><p>Massey, Heather <i>United Kingdom</i></p><p>Mercore, Emanuela <i>Romania</i></p><p>Mineviciene, Egle <i>Lithuania</i></p><p>Mishu, Masuma <i>United Kingdom</i></p><p>Monye, Ifeoma <i>Nigeria</i></p><p>Nadolsky, Spencer <i>United States</i></p><p>Ribeiro, Sandra <i>Brazil</i></p><p>Scanlon, Jack <i>United Kingdom</i></p><p>Schmitt-Egenolf, Marcus <i>Sweden</i></p><p>Sholl, Jonathan <i>France</i></p><p>Sizear, Monaemul Islam <i>Netherlands</i></p><p>Sumego, Marianne <i>United States</i></p><p>Symington, Emily <i>United Kingdom</i></p><p>Thomson, Richard <i>United Kingdom</i></p><p>Tokell, Marisa <i>United Kingdom</i></p><p>Ulasoglu, Celal <i>Turkey</i></p><p>Ullah, Rahamat <i>Bangladesh</i></p><p>Wardle, Jon <i>Australia</i></p><p>Warmbrunn, Moritz V. <i>Netherlands</i></p><p>Wilmore, Ellis</p><p>Yadav, Amit <i>India</i></p><p>Zaman, Mostafa <i>Bangladesh</i></p>","PeriodicalId":74076,"journal":{"name":"Lifestyle medicine (Hoboken, N.J.)","volume":"3 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/lim2.58","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72160690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is it time to embed Lifestyle Medicine in undergraduate and postgraduate curricula?","authors":"Richard Pinder,&nbsp;Linda Bauld,&nbsp;Hannah Findlater,&nbsp;Abinav Mohanamurali,&nbsp;Ann Johnson,&nbsp;Fraser Birrell","doi":"10.1002/lim2.59","DOIUrl":"10.1002/lim2.59","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Some light at the end of the COVID-19 tunnel may be nearing. Yet, that same light is revealing a larger and longer term burden on our communities. Our educational institutions and health services have not been spared. The pandemic has catalysed the longer standing impact of anxiety, stress and burnout for many frontline health workers and younger people in particular. It has magnified socioeconomic and wider inequalities that are so detrimental to health and well-being.</p><p>While fiscal responses to the pandemic continue to be debated, there remains a fundamental barrier for the triad of Public Health, Social Care and Health Care resourcing: workforce. The historical absence of strategic workforce planning in the United Kingdom's National Health Services means that without extending (ethically challenging) international recruitment efforts, even substantial injections of finance into health and care economies are stymied by how such monies can be spent.</p><p>Lifestyle Medicine stands ready to yield a double dividend. First: to leverage self-care and health improvement amid the plethora of contact points that our communities have with public and third sector services. And second: to protect the health of our current and future workforce. While Lifestyle Medicine is no substitute for traditional population-level public health interventions, Lifestyle Medicine is an important and scalable element of the population health armamentarium, not least as systems seek increasingly integrated and preventive approaches to health and well-being. Behaviour change in the form of physical activity has been recently highlighted as a first-line therapy by U.K. health regulators in the management of depression (National Institute for Health and Care Excellent)<span>²</span> and many other chronic physical health conditions. The relevance of health behaviours to mitigate communicable disease threats such as the COVID-19 pandemic will be clear in the minds of many. The need for skills in promoting lifestyle changes is endorsed as a core component of U.K. medical training.<span>³</span></p><p>The specialty of Lifestyle Medicine, often described as emerging, can increasingly be described as maturing. As the American College of Lifestyle Medicine (ACLM) approaches 18 years of age, and the British Society of Lifestyle Medicine (BSLM) enters its seventh year, the global governance of the movement is transitioning too, with a new World Lifestyle Medicine Council. At the same time, consensus is being achieved on the specialty's scope: six pillars of lifestyle and increasingly concrete clinical application such as coaching, behaviour change and group consultations.</p><p>The evolution of interdisciplinary areas of practice is dependent on consensus - followed by convergence of both scope and practice. And while initially that involves interdisciplinary working, the extent to which Lifestyle Medicine is a logical expansion of scope for general prac","PeriodicalId":74076,"journal":{"name":"Lifestyle medicine (Hoboken, N.J.)","volume":"3 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/lim2.59","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45786770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How diet affects Alzheimer's disease and small vessel disease","authors":"Juha Lempiäinen","doi":"10.1002/lim2.57","DOIUrl":"10.1002/lim2.57","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The number of people with memory disorders is increasing worldwide. Changing certain lifestyle factors can prevent the development of those disorders. Diet is a central factor that can be changed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A systematic literature search was conducted to identify peer-reviewed articles that examined the relationship between a plant-based diet and Alzheimer's disease or SVD.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Whole-food, plant-based diets also seem to be a healthy choice for the brain. Berries, vegetables and fibre seem to be especially important. The amounts of saturated fat, refined carbohydrates and alcohol should be minimised. Single components (dietary supplements) are not beneficial if one has no deficiencies.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A plant-based diet containing plenty of fibre, vitamins, and polyphenols seems to be a good choice for our memory and brain health.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":74076,"journal":{"name":"Lifestyle medicine (Hoboken, N.J.)","volume":"3 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/lim2.57","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42141448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Facing the challenges of smokeless tobacco epidemic in Bangladesh","authors":"M Mostafa Zaman,&nbsp;Ferdous Hakim,&nbsp;Syed Mahbubul Alam,&nbsp;Aminul Islam Sujon,&nbsp;Palash Chandra Banik,&nbsp;Rijwan Bhuiyan,&nbsp;Md. Bazlur Rahman,&nbsp;Iftekhairul Karim,&nbsp;Mashud Alam","doi":"10.1002/lim2.56","DOIUrl":"10.1002/lim2.56","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Smokeless tobacco (SLT) use in Bangladesh is one of the highest in the world. Despite having a tobacco control programme, the use of SLTs has increased in recent years. The objective of this paper is to report on the prevalence of SLTs and challenges faced during control measures in Bangladesh.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A wide range of published reports on tobacco in general and SLT were reviewed. Websites of relevant organizations and national survey reports including PubMed were visited to identify national- or subnational-level data. Legislations, policies and their implementation and programmes are reviewed. Additional data were captured by active surveys on SLT products, especially on graphic health warning. The authors’ perspectives on SLT control in Bangladesh were captured through a series of brainstorming sessions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Findings</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The reported prevalence of SLTs ranged from 21% to 26% among adults. SLT control measures are not adequately addressed despite the existence of several policies and programmes. It is based to the definition of Tobacco Control ACT in 2013. We propose inadequate prioritization and weak policy directives; unregulated industry leading to high production, marketing, violation of package warning and tax evasion; high level of cultural acceptance; and poor awareness of the people as challenges to the control efforts. In addition, a lenient attitude of the government towards the so-called “cottage” industry made SLTs unabated. We propose prioritization of SLT control, strengthening industry monitoring and tax measures, countering cultural acceptability and public ignorance and cessation support engaging government and civil society organizations as the way forward.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The control measures should be evidence-based warranting operational research. Government and non-government organizations’ collaborative efforts on an immediate, short-and long-term basis are recommended to meet the challenges of SLTs. These primarily include policy support for prioritization, enforcement of legislation, industry and marketing regulation, stringent tax measures, denormalizing societal acceptability and cessation support.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":74076,"journal":{"name":"Lifestyle medicine (Hoboken, N.J.)","volume":"3 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/lim2.56","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47457416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}