Lifestyle medicine (Hoboken, N.J.)最新文献

{"title":"Delivery of Interventions for Multiple Lifestyle Factors in Primary Healthcare Settings: A Narrative Review Addressing Strategies for Effective Implementation","authors":"Callum J. Leese,&nbsp;Hussain Al-Zubaidi,&nbsp;Blair H. Smith","doi":"10.1002/lim2.110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lim2.110","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The escalating burden of lifestyle-related diseases stands as a critical global public health challenge, contributing substantially to the prevalence of chronic conditions and a large portion of premature mortality. Despite this, concise evidence-based lifestyle interventions targeting physical inactivity, nutrition, alcohol and smoking continue to be underutilised. Although good evidence exists for addressing the four lifestyle-related risk factors independently, rarely do these present in isolation. Evidence is lacking regarding how to integrate interventions targeting multiple risk factors. Consequently, this paper aims to provide an overview of the evidence for delivering multiple interventions in primary healthcare settings.</p><p>Different lifestyle factors are inter-related, with decisions around ordering of the delivery of multiple lifestyle interventions an important consideration. There is evidence supporting the effectiveness of addressing some lifestyle factors simultaneously (e.g., physical activity and nutrition), although smoking cessation may be delivered best in a sequential approach. While the World Health Organisation highlights four key lifestyle factors (nutrition, physical activity, alcohol and smoking), incorporating additional elements such as sleep, mental well-being and social connectedness offers a holistic framework for promoting well-being.</p><p>Despite the presentation of multiple behaviour risk factors being commonplace in healthcare settings, the evidence (outlined in the paper) for how best to deliver interventions to address this is limited, with further research and subsequent clinical guidance required.</p><p>In order to address the barriers to delivering lifestyle interventions in primary care, innovation will be required. The use of non-medical personnel, social prescribers and health coaches has the potential to alleviate time constraints, whilst mounting evidence exists for group consultations for addressing lifestyle-related non-communicable diseases (NCDs). If the challenges to implementation can be addressed, and if healthcare systems can adapt for the promotion of healthy lifestyles, the impact of NCDs can be mitigated.</p>","PeriodicalId":74076,"journal":{"name":"Lifestyle medicine (Hoboken, N.J.)","volume":"5 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/lim2.110","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141608001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Post-Treatment Combined Lifestyle Interventions on Quality of Life in Colorectal Cancer Patients – A Systematic Review","authors":"Anke H. C. Gielen,&nbsp;Britt J. M. Thomassen,&nbsp;Tim J. Bult,&nbsp;Jarno Melenhorst,&nbsp;Merel L. Kimman,&nbsp;Stephanie O. Breukink","doi":"10.1002/lim2.109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lim2.109","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Colorectal cancer is identified as a lifestyle-related type of cancer. There is an increasing emphasis on lifestyle interventions targeting pivotal lifestyle factors such as excess weight, cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, poor diet and physical inactivity as primary and tertiary prevention. Furthermore, modifying these lifestyle factors has the potential to improve quality of life for cancer patients. We aim to identify, appraise and synthesise the available evidence regarding the effect of combined lifestyle interventions on quality of life in colorectal cancer survivors.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Pubmed, Ovid Embase and the Cochrane Library were searched for studies reporting on quality of life in post-treatment colorectal cancer patients. The systematic literature search was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Five articles reporting on 719 individual patients were included. Two studies reported significantly better results in (cancer-specific) quality-of-life questionnaires for patients after combined lifestyle interventions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We conclude that there is some evidence that combined lifestyle interventions could have beneficial effects on the quality of life of colorectal cancer survivors. Future randomised controlled trials reporting on quality of life of combined lifestyle interventions in colorectal cancer survivors are warranted.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":74076,"journal":{"name":"Lifestyle medicine (Hoboken, N.J.)","volume":"5 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/lim2.109","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141536612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-term preservation of lean mass and sustained loss of fat mass after completion of an intensive lifestyle intervention in older adults with obesity and type 2 diabetes","authors":"Robert G Memelink,&nbsp;Aveline Hijlkema,&nbsp;Bas Valentin,&nbsp;Martinet T Streppel,&nbsp;Wilrike J Pasman,&nbsp;Suzan Wopereis,&nbsp;Johan de Vogel-van den Bosch,&nbsp;Michael Tieland,&nbsp;Josje D Schoufour,&nbsp;Ivan Bautmans,&nbsp;Peter JM Weijs","doi":"10.1002/lim2.103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lim2.103","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Lifestyle interventions combining caloric restriction with resistance exercise have the potential to preserve lean mass during weight loss. Additional protein intake can further improve lean mass. However, it is unclear whether these effects are sustained after completion of the intervention. This study aimed to evaluate the long-term effect of a 3-month lifestyle intervention, with or without supplementation of a protein drink, to preserve lean mass in older adults with obesity and type 2 diabetes at 6 months post-intervention.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Adults (<i>n</i> = 123) aged ≥55 years with obesity and type 2 diabetes were enrolled in a 3-month intensive lifestyle intervention including a hypocaloric diet, resistance exercise and high-intensity interval training. Participants were randomized to either receive a leucine and vitamin D-enriched protein drink or an isocaloric control drink. The 3-month intervention was followed by a 6-month phase without intervention. At baseline, 3 and 9 months (follow-up) body composition, physical functioning, physical activity and quality of life were assessed. Statistical analyses were performed using linear mixed models.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Body weight loss was largely sustained at follow-up (−2.1 kg compared to baseline, 95% CI [−2.8, −1.5]) and comprised a sustained loss of fat mass (−2.6 kg, 95% CI [−3.2, −2.0]) with a simultaneous gain of lean mass (+0.7 kg, 95% CI [+0.2, +1.2]). Improvements in 400 m walk speed (+0.05 m/s, 95% CI [+0.03, +0.08]) and chair stand test time (−1.5 s, 95% CI [−1.9, −1.1]) were sustained at follow-up. There were no differences in these changes between the protein supplementation group and the control group at follow-up.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Older adults with obesity and type 2 diabetes preserved their lean mass, their loss of fat mass and their improvements in physical functioning at 6 months post-intervention. Protein supplementation during intervention did not affect outcomes at follow-up.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":74076,"journal":{"name":"Lifestyle medicine (Hoboken, N.J.)","volume":"5 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/lim2.103","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141308858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Healthy lifestyle scales to assess general and clinical population: A systematic review with narrative synthesis","authors":"Elaheh Dehghani,&nbsp;Keyvan Karimi,&nbsp;Hananeh Ghelichi-Moghaddam Sokke,&nbsp;Mohammad Amin Khadembashiri,&nbsp;Fatemeh Ghavidel,&nbsp;Amir Hossein Memari","doi":"10.1002/lim2.104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lim2.104","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Adopting a healthy lifestyle and improvements in medical care have led to an increase in life expectancy. Thus, the development and implementation of techniques for assessing healthy lifestyles have garnered more attention recently. Finding and evaluating healthy lifestyle assessment tools across all demographics is the goal of this systematic review.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Using online databases PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and APA PsycINFO, a systematic literature review was carried out in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analyses. Registration DOI https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/ZD9XK for the review has been set on Open Science Framework (OSF). Using the quality standards proposed for measuring features of health status surveys, two independent reviewers evaluated the methodological quality ratings of the eligible studies.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>From 7480 studies, 47 eligible instruments were identified and included in the review. Most of the studies followed the World Health Organization's definition of healthy lifestyle to develop the scales. The instruments are categorized into those used to assess general lifestyle or healthy lifestyle in general as well as in the clinical population. Physical activity, nutrition, tobacco use, alcohol use, and stress management were the most assessed modules of healthy lifestyle. Furthermore, validity, reliability, responsiveness, floor and ceiling effects, and interpretability were among the psychometric qualities that were frequently assessed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Lifestyle questionnaires can be used to identify specific risk factors in a variety of populations, as well as to plan community-based intervention programs, by acting as a predictive diagnostic tool and preventive measure. The majority of the assessments of healthy lifestyles that are currently accessible require improvements.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":74076,"journal":{"name":"Lifestyle medicine (Hoboken, N.J.)","volume":"5 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/lim2.104","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141164936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The clinical gaze: Its power and purpose in determining the patient experience and the value of interpersonal and technical skills in medicine","authors":"Hamaad Ahmad Khan","doi":"10.1002/lim2.102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lim2.102","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Current health education typically prizes and prioritises a biomedical sensibility in clinical practice, often to the detriment of the patient experience. In exploring the impact of the clinical gaze on patient experiences of medical care, this article argues for integrating interpersonal and technical skills in modern medicine, emphasising the value of holistic and compassionate care.</p>","PeriodicalId":74076,"journal":{"name":"Lifestyle medicine (Hoboken, N.J.)","volume":"5 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/lim2.102","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140345745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From clinical competence to human connection: A reflective journey to patient-centred care","authors":"David Gringras","doi":"10.1002/lim2.101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lim2.101","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This reflective essay explores a medical student's evolving understanding of the relative roles of technical and interpersonal skills in shaping the patient experience.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The author's personal reflections on the relative roles of technical and interpersonal skills are supplemented with discussion of relevant literature.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results and Discussion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Initially focused on the technical aspects of medicine, the author's perspective shifts upon entering clinical practice. The essay begins by emphasising the importance of interpersonal skills in patient satisfaction, drawing on personal experiences from general practice and supporting literature. However, a pivotal experience on a respiratory ward reveals the profound impact of interpersonal skills on both patient satisfaction and clinical outcomes. With further reflection incorporating relevant literature, it becomes clear that this case in-fact underscores the interplay between technical knowledge and interpersonal skills.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The reflective exploration concludes with the insight that these skillsets are not independent but interdependent and synergistic. The essay thus advocates for an integrated approach (combining technical expertise with strong interpersonal communication) to foster patient partnerships and enhance the overall patient experience.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":74076,"journal":{"name":"Lifestyle medicine (Hoboken, N.J.)","volume":"5 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/lim2.101","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140161469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patient experience of partnership: What is the relative value of interpersonal skill?","authors":"Elizabeth Bell","doi":"10.1002/lim2.100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lim2.100","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Medical literature seems not to have a consistent definition of interpersonal skills, but there is a consensus on the value of emotional intelligence, empathy and effective communication. This editorial reflects on both empirical data and personal experience to consider the relative value of interpersonal versus technical skills in the patient experience of partnership in healthcare. It explores the question of whether technical or interpersonal skills are more valuable in medical care. On highlighting the different attitudes towards technical and interpersonal skills among patients in different medical specialities, this editorial suggests that the contemporary focus on interpersonal skills is driven by a recognition that patient experience encompasses more than just successful outcomes. The quality of a patient's remaining life and their sense of respect, care and dignity are also important. It concludes with the emphasis that both technical and interpersonal skills are crucial in patient care and that a holistic understanding of patient experience can enhance medical education and practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":74076,"journal":{"name":"Lifestyle medicine (Hoboken, N.J.)","volume":"5 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/lim2.100","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140066569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The better health club: A model for global, interdisciplinary learning in lifestyle medicine","authors":"Lawrence Paddon,&nbsp;Kristi L. Storoschuk,&nbsp;Vivienne Acuna,&nbsp;Arian Ariaye,&nbsp;Olivia Brandon,&nbsp;Nicolas Di Leo,&nbsp;Ryan Gharios,&nbsp;Kaylie Zapanta,&nbsp;Thomas R. Wood,&nbsp;David Horner","doi":"10.1002/lim2.99","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lim2.99","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Contemporary students increasingly benefit from non-hierarchical education, including peer-led work, which moves beyond more ridged traditional educational structures. Such approaches encourage engagement, two-way communication, diversity of thought and collaboration. This piece shares the stories and experiences of students with a shared interest in health promotion and lifestyle medicine who took part in a peer-led, internationally based online student group. The forum aimed to provide a space for students to explore and discuss diverse topics within the health sphere in an attempt to bridge the gap between areas of expertise and education. The group capitalised on the normalisation of remote video meetings following the COVID-19 pandemic to bring together a small group of diverse students from across the globe on a weekly basis for journal clubs, presentations, debates and guest lectures. Group member feedback was obtained and highlighted key gaps in much traditional education, which the group addressed. These included moving beyond educational and research silos, the importance of preventative health approaches and the need for more judgement-free and inclusive learning environments. Alignment with the current health landscape and potential for scaling the group format more widely is discussed. The article concludes by emphasising the advantages of this approach in fostering a network of learners prepared to tackle future health challenges.</p>","PeriodicalId":74076,"journal":{"name":"Lifestyle medicine (Hoboken, N.J.)","volume":"5 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/lim2.99","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140000781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Community initiatives for well-being in the United Kingdom and their role in developing social capital and addressing loneliness: A scoping review","authors":"Stephanie Tierney,&nbsp;Rosie Rowe,&nbsp;Emily L Connally,&nbsp;Nia W Roberts,&nbsp;Kamal R Mahtani,&nbsp;Jordan Gorenberg","doi":"10.1002/lim2.98","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lim2.98","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Loneliness can have a negative impact on people's physical and psychological well-being; building social capital is a potential means of addressing this connection. Community initiatives (e.g. groups, clubs, neighbourhood activities) may be a route that enables people to build social capital to tackle loneliness. Understanding what is known, and where gaps in knowledge exist, is important for advancing research on this topic.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A scoping review was undertaken to explore the question – <i>What community initiatives, with a focus on well-being, have been evaluated in the United Kingdom that include information about social capital and loneliness?</i> Four databases (Medline, CINAHL, ASSIA and Embase) were searched for relevant research papers. References were screened by two researchers to identify if they met the review's inclusion criteria. Data were summarised as a narrative and in tables.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Five papers met the review's inclusion criteria. They all used qualitative methods. Findings suggested that social capital could be developed through creating a sense of trust, group cohesion and reciprocity among participants in the community initiatives. This connection enabled people to experience a sense of belonging and to feel they had a meaningful relationship with others, which appeared to alleviate feelings of loneliness.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>More research is warranted on the review topic, including studies that have employed quantitative or mixed methods. Clarity around definitions of social capital and loneliness in future research is required. Engagement with community initiatives can provide a formalised route to help people develop connections and counteract limitations in their social networks. However, individuals may be wary about attending community initiatives, needing support and encouragement to do so. Social prescribing link workers are one means of motivating people to access groups, events or organisations that could improve their well-being.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":74076,"journal":{"name":"Lifestyle medicine (Hoboken, N.J.)","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/lim2.98","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139550519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The behaviour change technique: Profile of a multimodal lifestyle intervention","authors":"Anja Englund,&nbsp;Johan Nilsson Sommar,&nbsp;Benno Krachler","doi":"10.1002/lim2.97","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lim2.97","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The behaviour change technique taxonomy version 1 was developed to identify the smallest active ingredients of a lifestyle intervention, that is, behaviour change techniques (BCTs) based on a written description. By participation and direct observation of an intervention, we intend to not only identify BCTs but also assess exposure time for each BCT. Adding the dimension of exposure time should enable us to make quantitative comparisons between the different BCTs employed. We intend to demonstrate this by studying the hypotheses that exposure to information-related BCTs is similar for all targeted lifestyle modalities but decreases in the course of the intervention.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>During 5-week intensive multimodal lifestyle interventions at a Swedish clinic for lifestyle medicine, we identified BCTs according to behaviour change technique taxonomy version 1 and noted exposure times to BCTs in all mandatory parts of the behaviour change intervention.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Two hundred thirty-one independent intervention components were evaluated. BCTs 8.1 <i>Behavioural practice/rehearsal</i> (126 h), 4.1 I<i>nstruction on how to perform the behaviour</i> (98 h) and 6.1 <i>Demonstration of the behaviour</i> (65 h) were the most common in terms of exposure time. Relative exposure to BCTs with an informative nature was similar for the different treatment phases (33%−37%−28%; <i>p</i> = 0.09) but higher for physical activity compared to food habits, stress management and unspecific lifestyle medicine (63%−25%−22%−25%; <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The behaviour change technique taxonomy version 1 can be extended by adding exposure time for different BCTs. The resulting BCT–exposure profile can be used for assessing the relative importance of different behaviour change strategies.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":74076,"journal":{"name":"Lifestyle medicine (Hoboken, N.J.)","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/lim2.97","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139504590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}