Journal, genetic engineering & biotechnology最新文献

{"title":"Estimating the role of single-nucleotide polymorphism (rs1800629)-308 G/A of TNF-alpha gene as genetic marker associated with angina pectoris in a sample of Iraqi patients.","authors":"Shaimaa Y Abdulfattah,&nbsp;Farah Thamer Samawi","doi":"10.1186/s43141-022-00454-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s43141-022-00454-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Angina pectoris (AP) occurs when oxygen and other nutrients are insufficient to meet the metabolic needs of the heart muscle. Stable angina is the most common, while the unstable angina is less frequent. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) is a pleiotropic cytokine plays a vital function in the immune response regulation. TNF gene cluster contains many polymorphisms; the most commonly investigated polymorphism is the rs1800629 SNP. This SNP, located at - 308 position with regard to the TNF promoter region, replaces guanine (G) with adenine (A), with the allelic types - 308 G/A, and has been linked to a variety of inflammatory condition and autoimmune diseases. The - 308 G/A SNP was investigated in AP and interconnected to the TNF level to figure out the responsibilities of TNF-alpha gene polymorphism in the pathogenesis of AP.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The current work design as a case-control study that involves 300 participant divided to 200 patients evaluated as (stable angina n = 100 and unstable angina n = 100) compared with 100 apparently healthy control subjects. The serum level of TNF-alpha was assessed via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)/sandwich method. The genotype and allele frequency distribution of TNF-alpha rs1800629 gene polymorphism were investigated by TaqMan probe of allelic discrimination method.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The levels of TNF-alpha were significantly higher in patients with stable and unstable angina pectoris in comparison with controls. The deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) of TNF-alpha genotypes was obvious in control and unstable angina pectoris groups. Moreover, the significant differences between patients with AP and controls under the five genetic models consider the association between TNF-alpha (rs1800629) - 308 G/A and AP with OR > 1. However, data analysis of allelic and genotypic of (rs1800629) - 308 G/A revealed higher significantly differences of GG homozygous and GA heterozygous proportions between stable angina patients and control. The A allele was more represented as etiological allele, and G allele was represented as protective allele. The serum levels of TNF-alpha were significantly higher in subjects with genetically mutated AA genotypes than in subjects with wild GG genotypes in the study groups. ROC curve analysis found the best cutoff value of TNF-alpha level was 77.25 pg/ml.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>As the results, our data observed a linked of TNF-alpha (rs1800629) - 308 G/A genetic variant with angina pectoris patients, and the A allele has been linked to the production or expression of TNF-alpha serum level and represented an etiological factor of angina pectoris.</p>","PeriodicalId":74026,"journal":{"name":"Journal, genetic engineering & biotechnology","volume":"21 1","pages":"2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9829927/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10557694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phylogenetic and genetic variation analysis of lesser short-nosed fruit bat Cynopterus brachyotis (Müller 1838) on Java island, Indonesia, inferred from mitochondrial D-loop.","authors":"Husni Mubarok,&nbsp;Niken Satuti Nur Handayani,&nbsp;Ibnu Maryanto,&nbsp;Tuty Arisuryanti","doi":"10.1186/s43141-022-00460-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s43141-022-00460-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cynopterus brachyotis (Müller 1838) is a generalist and widespread fruit bat species which inhabits different types of habitats in Southeast Asia. This species plays an essential role as a seed disperser and pollinator. Morphological study and phylogenetic analysis using mtDNA markers (cyt-b and D-loop) revealed that this species had two different forms in peninsular Malaysia and Borneo and six lineages in Southeast Asia that lead to new species formation. In addition, this species is also reported to have high genetic diversity in Malaysia and Thailand based on the D-loop sequence. However, a phylogenetic and genetic variation study of C. brachyotis in Indonesia has not been conducted yet. These two studies are important as additional information for taxonomic and population genetic studies of this species. Thus, we performed the phylogenetic and genetic diversity analysis of the C. brachyotis population collected from seven habitats on Java island, including open-fragmented habitats (urban, coffee and rubber plantations, pine forest, secondary forest, mangrove forest) and closed habitats (natural forest) using the mtDNA D-loop marker.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The phylogenetic tree using the Bayesian inference (BI) and genetic distance using the Kimura-2 parameter (K-2P) demonstrated that 33 individuals of C. brachyotis from seven habitats on Java island overlapped between habitats and could not be distinguished according to their habitats and lineage. Intrapopulation and intraspecies analysis revealed high haplotype diversity of this species on Java island (Hd = 0.933-1.000). The haplotype network was split into two haplogroups, showing haplotype sharing between habitats. These phylogenetic and genetic variations analysis of C. brachyotis bats on Java island indicated that this species is widespread and adapt to different habitats.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study of C. brachyotis on Java island collected from seven different habitats has overlapped and genetically close and has high genetic variation. Our results provide the first reported study of C. brachyotis on Java island and provide data to understand the phylogenetic and genetic diversity of this species in Indonesia.</p>","PeriodicalId":74026,"journal":{"name":"Journal, genetic engineering & biotechnology","volume":"21 1","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9813318/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10540828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mining and validation of novel simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers derived from coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) genome assembly.","authors":"Reina Esther S Caro,&nbsp;Jesmar Cagayan,&nbsp;Roanne R Gardoce,&nbsp;Anand Noel C Manohar,&nbsp;Alma O Canama-Salinas,&nbsp;Ramon L Rivera,&nbsp;Darlon V Lantican,&nbsp;Hayde F Galvez,&nbsp;Consorcia E Reaño","doi":"10.1186/s43141-022-00354-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s43141-022-00354-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In the past, simple sequence repeat (SSR) marker development in coconut is achieved through microsatellite probing in bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) clones or using previously developed SSR markers from closely related genomes. These coconut SSRs are publicly available in published literatures and online databases; however, the number is quite limited. Here, we used a locally established, coconut genome-wide SSR prediction bioinformatics pipeline to generate a vast amount of coconut SSR markers.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 7139 novel SSR markers were derived from the genome assembly of coconut 'Catigan Green Dwarf' (CATD). A subset of the markers, amounting to 131, were selected for synthesis based on motif filtering, contig distribution, product size exclusion, and success of in silico PCR in the CATD genome assembly. The OligoAnalyzer tool was also employed using the following desired parameters: %GC, 40-60%; minimum ΔG value for hairpin loop, -0.3 kcal/mol; minimum ΔG value for self-dimer, -0.9 kcal/mol; and minimum ΔG value for heterodimer, -0.9 kcal/mol. We have successfully synthesized, optimized, and amplified 131 novel SSR markers in coconut using 'Catigan Green Dwarf' (CATD), 'Laguna Tall' (LAGT), 'West African Tall' (WAT), and SYNVAR (LAGT × WAT) genotypes. Of the 131 SSR markers, 113 were polymorphic among the analyzed coconut genotypes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The development of novel SSR markers for coconut will serve as a valuable resource for mapping of quantitative trait loci (QTLs), assessment of genetic diversity and population structure, hybridity testing, and other marker-assisted plant breeding applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":74026,"journal":{"name":"Journal, genetic engineering & biotechnology","volume":"20 1","pages":"71"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9110602/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10242751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immunoinformatics approach of epitope prediction for SARS-CoV-2.","authors":"Nourelislam Awad,&nbsp;Rania Hassan Mohamed,&nbsp;Nehal I Ghoneim,&nbsp;Ahmed O Elmehrath,&nbsp;Nagwa El-Badri","doi":"10.1186/s43141-022-00344-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s43141-022-00344-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) caused lethal infections worldwide during an unprecedented pandemic. Identification of the candidate viral epitopes is the first step in the design of vaccines against the viral infection. Several immunoinformatic approaches were employed to identify the SARS-CoV-2 epitopes that bind specifically with the major histocompatibility molecules class I (MHC-I). We utilized immunoinformatic tools to analyze the whole viral protein sequences, to identify the SARS-CoV-2 epitopes responsible for binding to the most frequent human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles in the Egyptian population. These alleles were also found with high frequency in other populations worldwide.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Molecular docking approach showed that using the co-crystallized MHC-I and T cell receptor (TCR) instead of using MHC-I structure only, significantly enhanced docking scores and stabilized the conformation, as well as the binding affinity of the identified SARS-CoV-2 epitopes. Our approach directly predicts 7 potential vaccine subunits from the available SARS-CoV-2 spike and ORF1ab protein sequence. This prediction has been confirmed by published experimentally validated and in silico predicted spike epitope. On the other hand, we predicted novel epitopes (RDLPQGFSA and FCLEASFNY) showing high docking scores and antigenicity response with both MHC-I and TCR. Moreover, antigenicity, allergenicity, toxicity, and physicochemical properties of the predicted SARS-CoV-2 epitopes were evaluated via state-of-the-art bioinformatic approaches, showing high efficacy of the proposed epitopes as a vaccine candidate.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our predicted SARS-CoV-2 epitopes can facilitate vaccine development to enhance the immunogenicity against SARS-CoV-2 and provide supportive data for further experimental validation. Our proposed molecular docking approach of exploiting both MHC and TCR structures can be used to identify potential epitopes for most microbial pathogens, provided the crystal structure of MHC co-crystallized with TCR.</p>","PeriodicalId":74026,"journal":{"name":"Journal, genetic engineering & biotechnology","volume":"20 1","pages":"60"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9019534/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9180299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adaptive laboratory evolution triggers pathogen-dependent broad-spectrum antimicrobial potency in Streptomyces.","authors":"Dharmesh Harwani,&nbsp;Jyotsna Begani,&nbsp;Sweta Barupal,&nbsp;Jyoti Lakhani","doi":"10.1186/s43141-021-00283-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s43141-021-00283-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In the present study, adaptive laboratory evolution was used to stimulate antibiotic production in a Streptomyces strain JB140 (wild-type) exhibiting very little antimicrobial activity against bacterial pathogens. The seven different competition experiments utilized three serial passages (3 cycles of adaptation-selection of 15 days each) in which Streptomyces strain (wild-type) was challenged repeatedly to one (bi-culture) or two (tri-culture) or three (quadri-culture) target pathogens. The study demonstrates a simple laboratory model to study the adaptive potential of evolved phenotypes and genotypes in Streptomyces to induce antibiotic production.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Competition experiments resulted in the evolution of the wild-type Streptomyces strain JB140 into the seven unique mutant phenotypes that acquired the ability to constitutively exhibit increased antimicrobial activity against three bacterial pathogens Salmonella Typhi (NCIM 2051), Staphylococcus aureus (NCIM 2079), and Proteus vulgaris (NCIM 2027). The mutant phenotypes not only effectively inhibited the growth of the tested pathogens but were also observed to exhibit improved antimicrobial responses against one clinical multidrug-resistant (MDR) uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC 1021) isolate. In contrast to the adaptively evolved mutants, only a weak antimicrobial activity was detected in the wild-type parental strain. To get molecular evidence of evolution, RAPD profiles of the wild-type Streptomyces and its evolved mutants were compared which revealed significant polymorphism among them.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The competition-based adaptive laboratory evolution method can constitute a platform for evolutionary engineering to select improved phenotypes (mutants) with increased antibacterial profiles against targeted pathogens.</p>","PeriodicalId":74026,"journal":{"name":"Journal, genetic engineering & biotechnology","volume":"20 1","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8724467/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10263857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In vitro plant regeneration system for date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.): effect of chelated iron sources.","authors":"Ahmed Madi Waheed Al-Mayahi","doi":"10.1186/s43141-021-00177-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s43141-021-00177-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Iron chelate sources and their concentrations are important factors in in vitro propagation of date palm. This study's objective was to investigate the effect of the iron chelated form on the growth and development of tissue cultures of Barhee cultivar.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The addition of FeEDDHA to the culture medium was more effective than FeEDTA on callus growth, shoot regeneration, and the number of shoots per jar, where the best result (220.8mg callus, 86.67% and 17.2 shoots per jar, respectively) was obtained by using 93.5 mg L^-1 FeEDDHA (5.6 mg L^-1 Fe), compared with other treatments. The results also indicate that using 93.5 mg L^-1 FeEDDHA (5.6 mg L^-1 Fe) as a supplement can decrease antioxidant enzymes CAT and POD activity compared to the rest of the treatments. Medium equipped with 187.0 mg L^-1 FeEDDHA (11.2 mg L^-1Fe) had the highest rooting percentage and number of roots per shoot than other treatments. The biochemical analysis results showed that treatments with FeEDDHA of 280.5 mg L^-1 (16.8 mg L^-1 Fe) and 187.0 mg L^-1 (11.2 mg L^-1Fe) significantly increased the iron content. The results showed that shoot maximum chlorophyll and endogenous IAA level content were recorded in a medium supplemented with 187.0 mg L^-1 FeEDDHA (11.2 mg L^-1Fe) as Fe source.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>FeEDDHA used in the present study was proven to be a promising iron chelate source in comparison with the FeEDTA sources.</p>","PeriodicalId":74026,"journal":{"name":"Journal, genetic engineering & biotechnology","volume":"19 1","pages":"83"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/s43141-021-00177-4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39039415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PPAR agonists as effective adjuvants for COVID-19 vaccines, by modifying immunogenetics: a review of literature.","authors":"Antoine Fakhry AbdelMassih, Rahma Menshawey, Jumana H Ismail, Reem J Husseiny, Yousef M Husseiny, Shenoda Yacoub, Aya Kamel, Rafeef Hozaien, Elaria Yacoub, Esraa Menshawey, Abanoub Abdelmalek, Ahmed Abouelazaem, Ahmed Elhatw, Ahmed Aboelmaaty, Alaaelrahman Shahib, Amany Mansour, Aya Kamal, Basant Mohamed, Bemen Atif, Beshoy Ghabreal, Catherine Abdelmalak, David Ibrahim, Ebtesam Elsaify, Farah Magdy, Farid G Hanna, Hadeer Hafez, Hafsa Dahir, Kerlos Merhom, Maram Ahmed, Mariam Bishara, Mina Tawfik, Mina Youssef, Mohamed El Sharnouby, Mourad Hamouda, Musheera Ammar, Nada Ali, Nada Daniel, Nadine El-Husseiny, Noha Abdelraouf, Nuran K Abdelhameed, Radwa Ahmed, Radwa Othman, Rahma Mohamadein, Rana Allam, Rana Elgendy, Rana Shebl, Saged Elsherbiney, Sarah Fouad, Sara Emel, Sara Owais, Sarah Hetta, Samah El-Saman, Shaimaa Abdelalim, Sherin Galal, Yara Asar, Yara Osman, Yasmeen Khalaf, Youstina Aziz, Yousra Khafagy, Nervana Gamal, Biagio Castaldi","doi":"10.1186/s43141-021-00179-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s43141-021-00179-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Several coronavirus vaccine have been fast-tracked to halt the pandemic, the usage of immune adjuvants that can boost immunological memory has come up to the surface. This is particularly of importance in view of the rates of failure of seroconversion and re-infection after COVID-19 infection, which could make the vaccine role and response debatable. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) have an established immune-modulatory role, but their effects as adjuvants to vaccination have not been explored to date. It is increasingly recognized that PPAR agonists can upregulate the levels of anti-apoptotic factors such as MCL-1. Such effect can improve the results of vaccination by enhancing the longevity of long-lived plasma cells (LLPCs). The interaction between PPAR agonists and the immune system does not halt here, as T cell memory is also stimulated through enhanced T regulatory cells, antagonizing PD-L1 and switching the metabolism of T cells to fatty acid oxidation, which has a remarkable effect on the persistence of T memory cells. What is even of a more significant value is the effect of PPAR gamma on ensuring a profound secretion of antibodies upon re-exposure to the offending antigen through upregulating lipoxin B4, therefore potentially assisting the vaccine response and deterring re-infection.</p><p><strong>Short conclusion: </strong>In view of the above, we suggest the use of PPAR as adjuvants to vaccines in general especially the emerging COVID-19 vaccine due to their role in enhancing immunologic memory through DNA-dependent mechanisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":74026,"journal":{"name":"Journal, genetic engineering & biotechnology","volume":"19 1","pages":"82"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/s43141-021-00179-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38955696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The immune response and protective efficacy of a potential DNA vaccine against virulent Pasteurella multocida.","authors":"Ahmed A M Yassein,&nbsp;Ayaat A Teleb,&nbsp;Gamal M Hassan,&nbsp;Zaki A El Fiky","doi":"10.1186/s43141-021-00180-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s43141-021-00180-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Pasteurella multocida is the main cause of several infections of farm animals, and the immunity gained from commercial vaccines is for the short term only and needs to be routinely administered, so work on new vaccines against virulent P. multocida is crucial.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In this study, the OmpH gene was amplified from ten P. multocida strains, and the PCR products were sequenced and analyzed. The results of RFLP analysis of OmpH gene digested by MspI enzyme showed that all of ten strains examined possessed one restriction site and two fragments, 350 and 650 bp. The OmpH sequence of strain No. 10 was cloned into bacterial expression vector pUCP24, and the recombinant pUCP24-OmpH was expressed in E. coli DH5α. Serum samples obtained from the ELISA test from a group of vaccinated rats indicate that the antibodies were present at high titer in immunized rats and can be tested as a vaccine candidate with a challenge.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In rats infected with the DNA vaccine and inactivated vaccine, a significant increase in serum antibody levels was observed. In addition, the DNA vaccine provided the vaccinated rats with partial protection; however, the protective efficacy was greater than that offered by the live attenuated vaccine. This successful recombinant vaccine is immunogenic and may potentially be used as a vaccine in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":74026,"journal":{"name":"Journal, genetic engineering & biotechnology","volume":"19 1","pages":"81"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/s43141-021-00180-9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39036837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chemical profiling, in vitro antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of pomegranate, orange and banana peel-extracts against pathogenic microorganisms.","authors":"Safynaz Magdy Hanafy,&nbsp;Yasser Mohamed Abd El-Shafea,&nbsp;Waleed Diaeddeen Saleh,&nbsp;Hayam Mohamed Fathy","doi":"10.1186/s43141-021-00151-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s43141-021-00151-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The use of natural preservatives became of great interest; good examples of these natural preservation agents are plant peels. The use of plant peels has dual benefits; first is their antimicrobial activity against food-borne pathogens, while the second is minimizing agro-industrial wastes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The evaluation of the antimicrobial potential of both methanolic and ethanolic extracts of three fruit peels (orange, pomegranate, and banana), against 4 Gram-positive (G⁺), 3 Gram-negative bacteria (G^-), and 2 fungal strains revealed that both pomegranate peel extracts exhibited significantly higher inhibitory effect on all tested G⁺ bacteria. Methanolic extract of pomegranate peel gave higher activity than the ethanolic one against G⁺ and G^- bacteria except for S. typhimurium. Against A. flavus and A. niger, both pomegranate and orange extracts showed activity ranging between 65 and 100% more than the positive control. The ethanolic extracts of all tested peels showed a considerable capacity of antioxidant compounds compared to the methanolic extracts. The highest antioxidant capacity was found for ethanolic and methanolic extracts of pomegranate, 66.870 and 56.262 mg/ml, respectively. Generally, the concentration of total phenolic compounds was higher than that of total flavonoids followed by tannins. The highest readings of all tested constituents were reported for pomegranate extracts followed by orange and then banana. The total phenolic content, total flavonoids, and tannins were proportional to antioxidant values. GC-MS of pomegranate peel extracts identified 23 compounds in the methanolic extract versus 31 compounds in the ethanolic one. These components were identified based on their retention times and mass spectral fragmentation pattern. 5-hydroxymethylfufural (HMF) represented the major component in both methanolic and ethanolic extracts with peak area percentage of 65.78% and 48.43%, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The results showed negative effect of methanolic and ethanolic extracts of pomegranate on G⁺ and G^- bacteria and two fungal pathogenic strains. The phytochemical analysis regarded these results to the high content of phenols, flavonoids, and tannins. GC-MS chromatogram identified many compounds known to be effective as antioxidants and antibacterial and antifungal agents. These indications show that pomegranate peel may be a superior natural food-preserver, but further studies about the suitable formulation, dosage, and possible side-effects are still needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":74026,"journal":{"name":"Journal, genetic engineering & biotechnology","volume":"19 1","pages":"80"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/s43141-021-00151-0","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39035132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"β-Sitosterol differentially regulates key metabolites for growth improvement and stress tolerance in rice plants during prolonged UV-B stress.","authors":"Raheel Shahzad,&nbsp;Mohamed Ewas,&nbsp;Putri Widyanti Harlina,&nbsp;Shahid Ullah Khan,&nbsp;Pan Zhenyuan,&nbsp;Xinhui Nie,&nbsp;Elsayed Nishawy","doi":"10.1186/s43141-021-00183-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s43141-021-00183-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Elevated ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation is potentially deleterious to many organisms specifically crop plants and has become a global challenge. Rice is an exceptionally important staple food which is grown worldwide, and many efforts have been done recently to improve rice varieties against UV-B stress. This current study aims to investigate the effects of exogenous application of β-sitosterol (βSito) on growth improvement and tolerance level of rice plants against prolonged UV-B stress. The physiological and metabolic responses were evaluated in rice plants not supplemented with βSito (Nβ) and those supplemented with βSito (Sβ).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The Nβ and Sβ plants were grown under non-stress (ns) and under prolonged UV-B stress (uvs) conditions and termed as Nβ^ns, Sβ^ns and Nβ^uvs, Sβ^uvs, respectively. The application of βSito contributes positively under non-stress and specifically to UV-B stress in terms of improving numerous physiological parameters associated with growth and development such as shoot and root length, RWC, whole plant biomass, chlorophyll pigments, and photosynthetic-related parameters (Pn, Gs, Tr, WUEi, Fv/Fm, and NPQ) in Sβ compared with Nβ plants. Moreover, enhanced oxidative stress tolerance of Sβ^uvs vs. Nβ^uvs plants under stress was attributed to low levels of ROS and substantial trigger in activities of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, POD, CAT, and APX). Metabolic analysis was performed using GC-TOFMS, which revealed higher accumulation of several key metabolites including organic acids, sugars, amino acids, and others in Sβ^uvs vs. Nβ^uvs plants, which were mainly reduced in Nβ plants under stress vs. non-stress conditions.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These results provide useful data regarding the important role of βSito on growth maintenance and modulation of several metabolites associated with osmotic and redox adjustments during UV-B stress tolerance in rice plants. Importantly, βSito-regulated plasticity could further be explored specifically in relation to different environmental stresses in other economically useful crop plants.</p>","PeriodicalId":74026,"journal":{"name":"Journal, genetic engineering & biotechnology","volume":"19 1","pages":"79"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/s43141-021-00183-6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39032019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}