Journal of veterinary emergency and critical care (San Antonio, Tex. : 2001)最新文献

{"title":"Retrospective evaluation of serum/plasma iron, red blood cell distribution width, and nucleated red blood cells in dogs with acute trauma (2009-2015): 129 cases.","authors":"Eric J. Fish, Sonya C Hansen, E. Spangler, P. Gaillard, Shirley X Fan, L. Bacek","doi":"10.1111/vec.12886","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/vec.12886","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVE\u0000To compare the prognostic value of admission hematologic parameters serum/plasma iron, red blood cell distribution width (RDW), and nucleated red blood cells (nRBCs) in dogs presenting with acute traumatic injury.\u0000\u0000\u0000DESIGN\u0000Retrospective observational study (2009-2015).\u0000\u0000\u0000SETTING\u0000University teaching hospital.\u0000\u0000\u0000ANIMALS\u0000One hundred and twenty-nine clinical dogs presenting within 24 hours of acute traumatic injury.\u0000\u0000\u0000INTERVENTIONS\u0000None.\u0000\u0000\u0000MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS\u0000One hundred and twenty-nine dogs met the inclusion criteria and 109 (84.5%) survived, while 20 (15.5%) died or were euthanized in hospital. Patients with blunt force trauma comprised 79.8% of the patient population; dogs with penetrating trauma comprised 20.2% of cases. Hypoferremia occurred in all nonsurvivors, and the median serum/plasma iron concentration was significantly lower in nonsurvivors than survivors (P = 0.028). Normal or increased serum/plasma iron had 100% specificity and 100% positive predictive value for survival. Red blood cell distribution width was not significantly different between groups (P = 0.417). The presence of nRBCs was significantly associated with nonsurvival (P = 0.030), although the absolute nRBC concentrations were not significantly different (P = 0.070). A multiple logistic regression model found age, type of injury, presence of nRBCs, and serum/plasma iron to be independent predictors of survival with an area under the receiver operator characteristic curve of 0.813.\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSIONS\u0000The presence of nRBCs and low serum/plasma iron are associated with mortality in patients with acute trauma; however, red blood cell distribution width was not associated with survival. Absence of hypoferremia was highly associated with a favorable prognosis in this patient population. These parameters may warrant inclusion in trauma scoring systems.","PeriodicalId":74015,"journal":{"name":"Journal of veterinary emergency and critical care (San Antonio, Tex. : 2001)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/vec.12886","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43420286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance evaluation and validation of the Animal Trauma Triage score and modified Glasgow Coma Scale in injured cats: A Veterinary Committee on Trauma registry study.","authors":"J. Lapsley, G. Hayes, J. Sumner","doi":"10.1111/vec.12885","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/vec.12885","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVES\u0000To examine the Animal Trauma Triage (ATT) and modified Glasgow Coma Scale (mGCS) scores as predictors of mortality in injured cats.\u0000\u0000\u0000DESIGN\u0000Observational cohort study conducted September 2013 to March 2015.\u0000\u0000\u0000SETTING\u0000Nine Level I and II veterinary trauma centers.\u0000\u0000\u0000ANIMALS\u0000Consecutive sample of 711 cats reported on the Veterinary Committee on Trauma (VetCOT) case registry.\u0000\u0000\u0000INTERVENTIONS\u0000None.\u0000\u0000\u0000MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS\u0000We compared the predictive power (area under receiver operating characteristic curve; AUROC) and calibration of the ATT and mGCS scores to their components. Overall mortality risk was 16.5% (95% confidence interval [CI], 13.9-19.4). Head trauma prevalence was 11.8% (n = 84). The ATT score showed a linear relationship with mortality risk. Discriminatory performance of the ATT score was excellent (AUROC = 0.87 [95% CI, 0.84-0.90]). Each ATT score increase of 1 point was associated with an increase in mortality odds of 1.78 (95% CI, 1.61-1.97, P < 0.001). The eye/muscle/integument category of the ATT showed the lowest discrimination (AUROC = 0.60). When this component, skeletal, and cardiac components were omitted from score calculation, there was no loss in discriminatory capacity compared with the full score (AUROC = 0.86 vs 0.87, respectively, P = 0.66). The mGCS showed fair performance overall for prediction of mortality, but the point estimate of performance improved when restricted to head trauma patients (AUROC = 0.75, 95% CI, 0.70-0.80 vs AUROC = 0.80, 95% CI, 0.70-0.90). The motor component of the mGCS showed the best predictive performance (AUROC = 0.71); however, the full score performed better than the motor component alone (P = 0.004). When assessment was restricted to patients with head injury (n = 84), there was no difference in performance between the ATT and mGCS scores (AUROC = 0.82 vs 0.80, P = 0.67).\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSION\u0000On a large, multicenter dataset of feline trauma patients, the ATT score showed excellent discrimination and calibration for predicting mortality; however, an abbreviated score calculated from the perfusion, respiratory, and neurologic categories showed equivalent performance.","PeriodicalId":74015,"journal":{"name":"Journal of veterinary emergency and critical care (San Antonio, Tex. : 2001)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/vec.12885","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44415808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antivenin-associated serum sickness in a dog.","authors":"Benjamin M Lee, K. Zersen, Jennifer R. Schissler, L. Sullivan","doi":"10.1111/vec.12874","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/vec.12874","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVE\u0000To describe a case of documented serum sickness in a dog following administration of a single dose of a novel antivenin crotalidae polyvalent.\u0000\u0000\u0000CASE SUMMARY\u0000A 4-year-old female neutered mixed breed dog developed recurrent signs of hypersensitivity (swelling, edema, urticaria/hives, gastrointestinal signs, vasculitis) at 1 and 2 weeks following administration of a single unit of a novel antivenin crotalidae polyvalent plasma product. Both episodes were treated with antihistamines and glucocorticoids and signs improved rapidly, with a prolonged course of glucocorticoids and antihistamines administered following the second occurrence. Diagnosis of serum sickness was based on clinical appearance of delayed hypersensitivity following exposure to novel biologic product, absence of other inciting cause of hypersensitivity, complement testing, and skin biopsies confirming vasculitis.\u0000\u0000\u0000NEW OR UNIQUE INFORMATION PROVIDED\u0000This case documents the first report of delayed hypersensitivity with a novel antivenin plasma product. This is the only case report of serum sickness to a single unit of antivenin. Additionally, the dog developed recurrence of hypersensitivity following the initial episode at 1 week; appropriate identification and prolonged treatment could have prevented recurrence and additional hospitalization. Cost and benefit analysis should be considered with antivenin administration.","PeriodicalId":74015,"journal":{"name":"Journal of veterinary emergency and critical care (San Antonio, Tex. : 2001)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/vec.12874","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47373425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydroxyethyl starches in equine medicine.","authors":"Gaby van Galen,&nbsp;Gayle Hallowell","doi":"10.1111/vec.12854","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/vec.12854","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To review and discuss the use of hydroxyethyl starches (HES) in equine veterinary medicine, and to provide recommendations for its use.</p><p><strong>Data sources: </strong>Veterinary and human peer-reviewed medical literature including scientific reviews, meta-analyses, and original research articles.</p><p><strong>Human data synthesis: </strong>Increasing evidences on adverse effects after HES use and decreasing support for beneficial effects with regards to volume expansion and colloid osmotic pressure (COP) support in critically ill subjects have led to a recent guideline to limit the use of HES in critically ill people.</p><p><strong>Equine veterinary data synthesis: </strong>The rationale for HES use in horses is mainly extrapolated from human medicine, and very limited studies in horses are available. There is limited evidence suggesting a superiority of volume expansion effects of HES over crystalloids. The potential for HES to increase and maintain COP is well supported, but there is no evidence that maintaining or increasing plasma COP influences outcome, tissue edema formation, or rates of complications that potentially relate to edema formation. HES induce dose-dependent changes in coagulopathic parameters, but there is no evidence that HES causes clinical coagulopathies. Insufficient data are available on other adverse effects such as acute kidney injury, or mortality in horses. The use of HES should be restricted in septic patients, but may still have some use in cases of hemorrhagic shock resuscitation, hypoalbuminemia, or perioperative fluid replacement.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The evidence supporting the use of HES in horses is weak due to lack of species-specific investigations. Acknowledging species differences, the use of HES should be judicious, yet with some recognition of its benefits in particular cases. More research is necessary to improve knowledge on use of HES in horses and to establish better future recommendations.</p>","PeriodicalId":74015,"journal":{"name":"Journal of veterinary emergency and critical care (San Antonio, Tex. : 2001)","volume":"29 4","pages":"349-359"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/vec.12854","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37355201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Successful management of catastrophic peripheral vascular hemorrhage using massive autotransfusion and damage control surgery in a dog.","authors":"Rita D K Ghosal,&nbsp;Alexandra Bos","doi":"10.1111/vec.12861","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/vec.12861","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To describe a case of massive transfusion using unwashed, non-anticoagulated, nonsterile autologous blood in a dog with catastrophic hemorrhage from a peripheral vessel during orthopedic surgery. A damage control surgical strategy was also employed.</p><p><strong>Case summary: </strong>A 6-year-old, 48 kg neutered male Labrador Retriever experienced massive hemorrhage after transection of a large blood vessel while undergoing femoral head and neck osteotomy. Blood was collected from clean, but not sterile, suction canisters and clots were skimmed off. The blood was then transfused back to the dog using a standard in-line blood filter. Approximately 58% of the dog's blood volume was autotransfused in less than 2 hours, thereby meeting the criteria for massive transfusion. Surgery was aborted after hemostasis was achieved by ligation of the vessel and packing of the surgical site. Two units of fresh frozen plasma were administered postoperatively due to the development of a coagulopathy. Hemoglobinuria developed but resolved within 18 hours. Three days later, completion of the surgical procedure was performed without incident. The dog was discharged 4 days after the initial surgery. Marked swelling of the affected limb developed, but resolved after the sixth day. No other significant complications developed.</p><p><strong>New or unique information provided: </strong>In this case report, the authors describe the successful management of catastrophic hemorrhage with autotransfusion performed in the absence of sterile collection, cell washing, or anticoagulation. Although not ideal, autotransfusion under these conditions can be lifesaving in situations of massive hemorrhage. This case also highlighted the employment of a damage control surgical strategy.</p>","PeriodicalId":74015,"journal":{"name":"Journal of veterinary emergency and critical care (San Antonio, Tex. : 2001)","volume":"29 4","pages":"439-443"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/vec.12861","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37355202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Organophosphate intoxication in 2 dogs from ingestion of cattle ear tags.","authors":"Vibha R Asokan,&nbsp;Marie E Kerl,&nbsp;Tim Evans,&nbsp;Meghan Harmon","doi":"10.1111/vec.12855","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/vec.12855","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To describe 2 cases of organophosphate intoxication through a previously unreported method of exposure.</p><p><strong>Case series: </strong>A 2-year-old intact male Australian Cattle Dog (case 1) presented with progressive muscarinic and nicotinic clinical signs, and a 3-year-old neutered male mixed breed dog (case 2) presented after known ingestion of cattle ear tags. The dog in case 1 was discovered to have ingested cattle ear tags after abdominal radiographs. Organophosphate testing of gastric contents confirmed diazinon toxicosis. The dog in case 2 was found to be eating ear tags by the owner. The tags in case 2 contained diazinon and coumaphos. The dog in case 1 was treated with gastric lavage, gastroprotectants, prokinetics, antiemetics, pralidoxime chloride, and atropine. The dog in case 2 was treated with pralidoxime chloride. Both patients received standard supportive and nursing care and recovered completely with no further concerns.</p><p><strong>New or unique information provided: </strong>This is a novel exposure to organophosphates that has not been reported in small animals. In dogs with relevant clinical signs and potential environmental exposure, cattle ear tag ingestion is an important differential diagnosis to consider.</p>","PeriodicalId":74015,"journal":{"name":"Journal of veterinary emergency and critical care (San Antonio, Tex. : 2001)","volume":"29 4","pages":"424-430"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/vec.12855","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37382684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retrospective evaluation of factors influencing transfusion requirements and outcome in cats with pelvic injury (2009-2014): 122 cases.","authors":"Poppy Gant,&nbsp;Imola Asztalos,&nbsp;Elvin Kulendra,&nbsp;Karla Lee,&nbsp;Karen Humm","doi":"10.1111/vec.12852","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/vec.12852","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To characterize a population of cats with pelvic trauma and evaluate factors influencing transfusion requirement and outcome.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Retrospective case series (2009-2014).</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>University teaching hospital.</p><p><strong>Animals: </strong>One hundred twelve client-owned cats with pelvic trauma.</p><p><strong>Interventions: </strong>None.</p><p><strong>Measurements and main results: </strong>Twenty-one (18.8%) cats received a transfusion. Most cats required only 1 fresh whole blood transfusion (85.8%). Packed cell volume at admission was significantly lower in cats that required transfusion but was not associated with hospitalization time or survival to discharge. Increasing Animal Trauma Triage (ATT) score at admission was significantly associated with transfusion requirement (P = 0.0001) and nonsurvival to discharge (P = 0.03). Number of pelvic fractures was not associated with transfusion requirement but cats with sacroiliac luxations and pubic fractures were more likely to require a transfusion (P = 0.0015 and P = 0.0026, respectively). However, fracture type was not associated with survival to discharge. Most cats (86%) required a surgical procedure and half of transfusions were administered preoperatively. No surgical comorbidities were associated with transfusion requirement or survival. Transfusion requirement was associated with longer length of hospitalization but not survival to discharge.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Transfusion requirement in this population of cats with pelvic fractures was fairly high. Transfusion requirement was associated with lower packed cell volume, higher ATT score at admission, longer length of hospitalization, and certain types of pelvic fractures. Transfusion requirement was not associated with surgical comorbidities, surgical intervention, or survival to discharge. Lower ATT score at admission was associated with survival to discharge.</p>","PeriodicalId":74015,"journal":{"name":"Journal of veterinary emergency and critical care (San Antonio, Tex. : 2001)","volume":"29 4","pages":"407-412"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/vec.12852","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37345711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of percentage changes in pulse wave transit time induced by mini-fluid challenges to predict fluid responsiveness in ventilated dogs.","authors":"Hiroki Sano,&nbsp;Masako Fujiyama,&nbsp;Paul Wightman,&nbsp;Nick J Cave,&nbsp;Mike A Gieseg,&nbsp;Craig B Johnson,&nbsp;Paul Chambers","doi":"10.1111/vec.12860","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/vec.12860","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate whether percentage changes in pulse wave transit time (PWTT%Δ) induced by mini-fluid challenges predict fluid responsiveness in mechanically ventilated anesthetized dogs.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Prospective experimental trial.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>University teaching hospital.</p><p><strong>Animals: </strong>Twelve Harrier hounds.</p><p><strong>Intervention: </strong>Each dog was anesthetized with propofol and isoflurane after premedication with acepromazine, mechanically ventilated, and had a fluid challenge. This was repeated 4 weeks later. The fluid challenge, 10 mL/kg of colloid administration over 13 minutes, consisted of 3 intermittent mini-fluid challenges (1 mL/kg of each over a minute) with a minute interval, and the remaining colloid administration (7 mL/kg) over 7 minutes.</p><p><strong>Measurements and main results: </strong>Percentage change in velocity time integral of pulmonary arterial flow by echocardiography was calculated as an indication of change in stroke volume. Fluid responsiveness was defined as percentage change in velocity time integral ≥ 15% after 10 mL/kg colloid. Dogs responded on 14 fluid challenges and did not on 10. After 1, 2, 3, and 10 mL/kg of fluid challenge, PWTT%Δ_{1, 2, 3, 10} were measured. Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves were generated and areas under ROC curve were calculated for PWTT%Δ_{1, 2, 3} . A gray zone approach was used to identify the clinically inconclusive range. The area under the ROC curve for PWTT%Δ₃ was 0.91 (P = 0.001). Cutoff value for PWTT%Δ₃ was -2.5% (sensitivity: 86%, specificity: 90%). The gray zone for PWTT%Δ₃ was identified as between -2.9% to -1.9% for which fluid responsiveness could not be predicted reliably in 6 out of 24 fluid challenges.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In mechanically ventilated anesthetized dogs given a mini-fluid challenge of 3 mL/kg of colloid, PWTT%Δ could predict fluid responsiveness although the gray zone should be considered.</p>","PeriodicalId":74015,"journal":{"name":"Journal of veterinary emergency and critical care (San Antonio, Tex. : 2001)","volume":"29 4","pages":"391-398"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/vec.12860","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37349296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A pilot study comparing bone marrow aspirates and venous blood for emergency point-of-care blood parameters in healthy dogs.","authors":"Lindsey Ackert,&nbsp;Søren R Boysen,&nbsp;Teresa Schiller","doi":"10.1111/vec.12858","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/vec.12858","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To compare intravenous and intraosseous blood aspirates using point-of-care diagnostic equipment available in veterinary hospitals.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Prospective study.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Private referral hospital.</p><p><strong>Animals: </strong>Dogs undergoing a tibial plateau leveling osteotomy or extracapsular anterior cruciate ligament stabilization procedure were enrolled.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Under general anesthesia, simultaneous 0.5 mL intravenous and intraosseous blood samples were collected from the jugular vein and proximal tibia, respectively. Samples were evaluated in duplicate within 10 minutes of collection and averaged for each of the following parameters: blood urea nitrogen (BUN), glucose, packed cell volume, total plasma protein (TPP), plasma lactate, sodium, potassium, chloride, urea, glucose, pH, anion gap, pO_2, and pCO₂ . Normalcy was tested with Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. A Student's t-test and Bland-Altman plot were used to compare intravenous and intraosseous samples.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twelve dogs were recruited into the study. There were statistically significant differences between intravenous and intraosseous samples for sodium (P = 0.0216), chloride (P = 0.0225), BUN (P = 0.014), and potassium (P < 0.0001), respectively. No significant differences were detected for the other parameters evaluated.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The intraosseous space provides an easily accessible, noncollapsible alternative for assessing blood parameters. Omitting potassium, the statistically significant differences noted between sites was not felt to be clinically significant. Although statistically insignificant, the large difference in hematocrit values indicates that the samples should not be used interchangeably.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Intraosseous aspirates, excluding potassium and hematocrit, appear to be a reliable alternative for assessing most point-of-care analytes in healthy dogs, although a larger sample size should be investigated. The application of these data in shock patients is unknown.</p>","PeriodicalId":74015,"journal":{"name":"Journal of veterinary emergency and critical care (San Antonio, Tex. : 2001)","volume":"29 4","pages":"399-406"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/vec.12858","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37349752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retrospective evaluation of pericardial catheter placement in the management of pericardial effusion in dogs (2007-2015):18 cases.","authors":"Simon Cook,&nbsp;Stefano Cortellini,&nbsp;Karen Humm","doi":"10.1111/vec.12862","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/vec.12862","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To describe the use of pericardial catheters in dogs with pericardial effusion (PE), and detail any associated adverse events.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Retrospective study.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>University teaching hospital.</p><p><strong>Animals: </strong>Eighteen client-owned dogs that had pericardial catheters placed for pericardial fluid drainage between May 2007 and January 2015.</p><p><strong>Interventions: </strong>None.</p><p><strong>Measurements and main results: </strong>All pericardial catheters were placed within 5 hours of presentation, usually within 1 hour (median 72.5 min, range 45-300 min). Ten of 18 cases were sedated with butorphanol, and 4 with additional midazolam. Four had pericardial catheters positioned for single drainage only and were immediately removed. The other 14 pericardial catheters remained in situ for a median of 18 hours (range 2-88 h). Ten of the remaining 14 cases were redrained after pericardial catheter placement. The main adverse events reported were new arrhythmias in 6/18 cases, with 4 of these 6 patients being administered anti-arrhythmic therapy. No infectious or functional complications were reported. Ten patients were discharged, 1 died and 7 were euthanized.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Thoracic drainage catheters inserted into the pericardial space via a modified-Seldinger technique can be positioned in dogs to aid management of PEs. The main associated adverse event is arrhythmia. Minimal sedation is required for placement, and dogs tend not to require postprocedural analgesia. Catheters can remain in situ for repeated drainage, potentially decreasing staffing time requirement and repeat sedation. Their use is associated with a rate of arrhythmia requiring treatment of 22%, compared to that of needle pericardiocentesis alone at 13%. They are easy to position using equipment available in many facilities.</p>","PeriodicalId":74015,"journal":{"name":"Journal of veterinary emergency and critical care (San Antonio, Tex. : 2001)","volume":"29 4","pages":"413-417"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/vec.12862","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37352218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}