Journal of veterinary emergency and critical care (San Antonio, Tex. : 2001)最新文献

{"title":"Therapeutic Plasma Exchange for Acute Hemolytic Anemia in a Dog With Immune-Mediated Thrombocytopenia Following Administration of Human Intravenous Immunoglobulin.","authors":"Se-Hoon Kim, Na-Eun Hong, Min-Ok Ryu, Hwa-Young Youn, Kyoung-Won Seo","doi":"10.1111/vec.13474","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/vec.13474","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To describe therapeutic plasma exchange as treatment for severe acute hemolytic anemia resulting from human intravenous immunoglobulin (hIVIG) in a dog with primary immune-mediated thrombocytopenia (IMTP).</p><p><strong>Case summary: </strong>A 4-year-old neutered female Pomeranian with a recent diagnosis of IMTP presented with a potential relapse. Management with initial medications, including prednisolone and mycophenolate mofetil, was unsuccessful; therefore, the dog was administered hIVIG. Fifteen hours later, the patient developed an adverse reaction including vomiting and dark urine. Laboratory and clinical evidence of acute hemolysis was detected, including decreased hematocrit, hemoglobinemia from gross identification of serum, elevated total bilirubin, hemoglobinuria, and reticulocytosis. Supportive care for the dog was ineffective, and due to an adverse reaction characterized by severe salivation, a blood transfusion could not be done. Therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) was performed to eliminate the causative agents, controlling the hemolytic anemia. After TPE, immunosuppressants were prescribed to treat the IMTP, which resolved 15 days later. At the time of this report, the patient is alive with no complications or clinical signs of IMTP.</p><p><strong>Unique information provided: </strong>Acute hemolytic anemia caused by hIVIG is a rare adverse reaction in veterinary medicine. This is the first report of TPE being used to successfully treat this potentially life-threatening condition.</p>","PeriodicalId":74015,"journal":{"name":"Journal of veterinary emergency and critical care (San Antonio, Tex. : 2001)","volume":" ","pages":"e13474"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144478140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors Associated With Return of Spontaneous Circulation and Survival to Hospital Discharge in Dogs and Cats Undergoing Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Using the Reassessment Campaign on Veterinary Resuscitation (RECOVER) Database.","authors":"Selimah M Harmon, Rebecka S Hess, Noa Berlin, Deborah C Silverstein","doi":"10.1111/vec.13473","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/vec.13473","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To assess factors associated with return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC), sustained ROSC, and survival to discharge in patients undergoing CPR and to identify poor prognostic indicators to guide decisions and timing for the termination of resuscitative efforts.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>International, multi-institutional veterinary CPR registry data report.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Sixteen veterinary private practice and university teaching hospitals in the United States, Europe, and Australia.</p><p><strong>Animals: </strong>Data from 354 dogs and 138 cats with in-hospital arrest undergoing CPR that were entered into the Reassessment Campaign on Veterinary Resuscitation CPR registry between February 2016 and December 2021.</p><p><strong>Interventions: </strong>None.</p><p><strong>Measurements and main results: </strong>One hundred thirty-two dogs (37.3%) and 56 cats (40.6%) with in-hospital cardiopulmonary arrest achieved ROSC, of which 63 dogs (17.8%) and 28 cats (20.3%) had sustained ROSC (lasting >20 min), with 14 dogs (4.0%) and four cats (2.9%) surviving to hospital discharge. Maximum end-tidal partial pressure of carbon dioxide (ETCO₂) of ≥15 mm Hg was associated with ROSC in cats and dogs in univariate models, ROSC in both species in a multivariate model, and sustained ROSC in dogs in univariate and multivariate models. In dogs, the odds of both sustained ROSC and survival to discharge decreased with every additional minute of CPR, and CPR delivered for ≤10 min was associated with higher odds of both ROSC and sustained ROSC in the univariate model. In both dogs and cats, the odds of achieving ROSC were higher in patients initially identified with bradycardia rather than asystole. ROSC and survival to discharge were associated with anesthetic arrests in dogs and peri-anesthetic arrests in both cats and dogs.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study found several factors associated with ROSC that might help guide clinicians' efforts during CPR and emphasized the importance of monitoring ETCO₂. Many questions remain that will need further study.</p>","PeriodicalId":74015,"journal":{"name":"Journal of veterinary emergency and critical care (San Antonio, Tex. : 2001)","volume":" ","pages":"e13473"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144303884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Maropitant-Induced Changes in the Electrocardiogram of Healthy Dogs and Comparison of Three Methods for QT Interval Correction.","authors":"Kelly E Sullivan, Rebecca C T Reader, Vicky K Yang","doi":"10.1111/vec.13476","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/vec.13476","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To assess for ECG changes, particularly affecting the QT interval, in healthy dogs administered maropitant and to compare methods of QT interval correction in dogs.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Prospective interventional pre-post study.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>University teaching hospital.</p><p><strong>Animals: </strong>Twenty-seven healthy, privately owned dogs.</p><p><strong>Interventions: </strong>After physical examination, bloodwork, and baseline six-lead ECG, dogs were administered a standard antiemetic dose of maropitant (1 mg/kg, SC). A follow-up ECG was performed 35-65 min later, after maximum plasma concentration was expected to be reached.</p><p><strong>Measurements and main results: </strong>Twenty dogs completed the study. No adverse effects of maropitant were witnessed apart from apparent pain on injection, and no tachyarrhythmias or bradyarrhythmias were observed. ECG measurements included RR interval, QT interval, TQ interval, PR interval, P wave duration and amplitude, and QRS complex duration and amplitude. Instantaneous heart rate (HR) was determined based on the RR interval, followed by HR correction of QRS complex duration and QT interval using the Rautaharju, Van de Water, and Hodges formulas. Cardiac restitution was also evaluated using the QT/TQ ratio. Comparisons made before and after maropitant administration showed subtle prolongation of the QTc that only reached significance with the Van de Water formula and no change in the QT/TQ ratio. A significant reduction in P wave amplitude was observed with maropitant. An increase in variability between formulas at higher HRs was seen when QT interval correction formulas across a range of HRs were compared.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Maropitant administered subcutaneously at a standard antiemetic dose may induce a slight prolongation of the QTc and a reduction in P wave amplitude that are unlikely to promote tachyarrhythmias such as torsades de pointes or become clinically relevant in healthy dogs. The Van de Water formula may be more accurate across a wide range of HRs in dogs than the Rautaharju and Hodges formulas.</p>","PeriodicalId":74015,"journal":{"name":"Journal of veterinary emergency and critical care (San Antonio, Tex. : 2001)","volume":" ","pages":"e13476"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144310873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use of Epsilon Aminocaproic Acid in Perioperative Stabilization of Canine Spontaneous Hemoperitoneum.","authors":"Katrina Gazsi-Hull, Joana Barandier Goic, Amy L Butler","doi":"10.1111/vec.13468","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/vec.13468","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To document the effects of epsilon aminocaproic acid (εACA) as a continuous rate infusion (CRI) on the need for blood products and change in PCV during the perioperative period in dogs with spontaneous hemoperitoneum.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Prospective, randomized, open-label controlled study.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Private practice specialty teaching hospital.</p><p><strong>Animals: </strong>Eighteen client-owned dogs presenting with spontaneous hemoperitoneum.</p><p><strong>Interventions: </strong>Dogs with a confirmed diagnosis of spontaneous hemoperitoneum secondary to an intraabdominal mass intended for surgical intervention were randomized to receive either εACA (50 mg/kg bolus, followed by a CRI at 25 mg/kg/h for 24 h, n = 10) or standard therapy (n = 8).</p><p><strong>Measurements and main results: </strong>PCV and total solids were obtained at presentation, preoperatively, immediately postoperatively, and at 24 h postoperatively. Six dogs, two in the control group and four in the εACA group, received blood transfusions (33%). There was no significant difference between the number of patients receiving transfusions in the control group compared with the εACA group (P = 1.0). The median volume of blood removed from the abdomen at the time of surgery and the difference in PCV and total solids at any time point were not significantly different between the treatment and control groups. Dogs taken to surgery sooner (surgery delay <265 min) had a significantly lower postoperative PCV compared with initial (p < 0.01) and preoperative blood samples (P = 0.047). There were no adverse events attributed to εACA in any patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Perioperative εACA was not associated with reduced requirement for blood product or blood loss at the time of surgery.</p>","PeriodicalId":74015,"journal":{"name":"Journal of veterinary emergency and critical care (San Antonio, Tex. : 2001)","volume":" ","pages":"e13468"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144303885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors Affecting Sleep Among Dogs and Cats in a Veterinary Intensive Care Unit.","authors":"Emma A Devereux, Alana V Ejezie, Alex M Lynch, Margaret E Gruen, Stefanie J LaJuett, James B Robertson, Valery F Scharf","doi":"10.1111/vec.13472","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/vec.13472","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the amount of sleep obtained by hospitalized dogs and cats in an intensive care setting and to identify factors that may impact veterinary patients' sleep.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>A prospective, observational study spanning a 4-week period in June of 2020.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Academic teaching hospital.</p><p><strong>Animals: </strong>A total of 96 dogs and 16 cats hospitalized in the ICU during the 4-week study period.</p><p><strong>Interventions: </strong>None.</p><p><strong>Measurements and main results: </strong>Patient activity was categorized as active, resting, or asleep and was recorded along with ICU environmental data on an hourly basis. Environmental data consisted of subjective assessment of noise level, ambient lighting, number of people present, and number of hospitalized patients. The median observed time asleep was 40% and 11% for dogs and cats, respectively. During natural nighttime hours (9:00 p.m. to 6:00 a.m.), the odds of a patient being asleep were 1.7 times higher if lights were dimmed (p < 0.001). Patients were also less likely to be asleep with higher noise levels (odds ratio 0.66 for each increase in noise level, p = 0.003).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Hospitalized dogs and cats experience sleep disturbances similar to those reported in human ICU patients. Ambient noise and light are significant factors contributing to sleep disruption in cats and dogs hospitalized in a veterinary ICU. The findings of this study support implementing efforts to promote patient sleep through environmental modifications in the veterinary intensive care setting. Additional research is needed to establish objective means of assessing sleep in hospitalized dogs and cats, to determine sleep patterns of hospitalized veterinary patients, and to quantify the impact of sleep disturbances on veterinary patient convalescence.</p>","PeriodicalId":74015,"journal":{"name":"Journal of veterinary emergency and critical care (San Antonio, Tex. : 2001)","volume":" ","pages":"e13472"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144259515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pneumothorax as a Complication of Nasogastric Feeding Tube Placement in Six Dogs.","authors":"Anvita N Hanchate, Rebecca S Flores, Martha G Cline","doi":"10.1111/vec.13477","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/vec.13477","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To describe pneumothorax as a complication of nasogastric tube (NGT) misplacement in six dogs at a single institution and to discuss NGT placement techniques and pneumothorax prevention strategies found in the human and veterinary literature.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Retrospective case series.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Private referral center.</p><p><strong>Animals: </strong>Six client-owned dogs.</p><p><strong>Measurements and main results: </strong>Medical records at a private practice referral hospital were searched for cats and dogs with \"nasogastric tube\" and \"pneumothorax\" from January 2013 to May 2022. Data collected from the medical records, where available, included patient signalment, weight, primary disease process, relevant diagnostic test results, clinical signs before NGT placement, size of NGT, personnel performing tube placement, sedation administered before NGT placement, therapies administered for management of pneumothorax, duration of hospitalization, and outcome. Six dogs were included, having developed pneumothorax secondary to NGT misplacement during the 9-year period (incidence = 0.0006). Four of the six dogs received IV sedation before NGT placement. Three of the six dogs displayed clinical signs of pneumothorax, including an abnormal breathing pattern and coughing. Thoracocentesis was required in three of the dogs, and one ultimately required a thoracostomy tube for 24 h. Pneumothorax fully resolved in all patients, and four survived to discharge. Two dogs were euthanized due to worsening clinical conditions unrelated to pneumothorax.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This retrospective study describes the complete resolution of iatrogenic pneumothorax in six dogs after NGT misplacement. Clinicians should be aware of the possibility of pneumothorax during NGT placement and warn clients of the risk. Fatalities have been reported secondary to this complication; however, due to lack of veterinary data, the survival rate is uncertain. Results of this case series indicate that the prognosis may be good for resolution of pneumothorax secondary to NGT misplacement with subsequent discharge from the hospital.</p>","PeriodicalId":74015,"journal":{"name":"Journal of veterinary emergency and critical care (San Antonio, Tex. : 2001)","volume":" ","pages":"e13477"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144259516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Feline Gastrointestinal Eosinophilic Sclerosing Fibroplasia and Duodenal Perforation in a 1-Year-Old British Shorthair Cat.","authors":"Erin L Patterson, Emily J Ball, Justin M Lavallee","doi":"10.1111/vec.13465","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/vec.13465","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To provide a case description, including perioperative management, of a young cat with feline gastrointestinal eosinophilic sclerosing fibroplasia that presented with septic peritonitis.</p><p><strong>Case summary: </strong>A 1.5-year-old male castrated British Shorthair was presented with an acute history of vomiting, inappetence, and periuria. On presentation, the patient was in shock and was apparently painful on abdominal palpation. Abdominal radiographs identified a mass effect within the stomach, pneumoperitoneum, and a mild lack of serosal detail consistent with scant peritoneal effusion. Exploratory laparotomy confirmed a mass affecting the pylorus and proximal duodenum, which was ruptured at the level of the major duodenal papilla. Mass resection with concurrent gastroduodenostomy and cholecystojejunostomy was performed, and feline gastrointestinal eosinophilic sclerosing fibroplasia (FGESF) was diagnosed histopathologically. The cat was discharged 4 days postoperatively. Two weeks after surgery, treatment with prednisolone was initiated, and a hypoallergenic diet was recommended. Short-term medical management was challenged by poor owner compliance, and the patient was lost to follow-up 7 months after surgery.</p><p><strong>New or unique information provided: </strong>To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of FGESF as a cause of gastrointestinal perforation and septic peritonitis. FGESF should be considered a differential for perforated gastrointestinal masses in cats.</p>","PeriodicalId":74015,"journal":{"name":"Journal of veterinary emergency and critical care (San Antonio, Tex. : 2001)","volume":" ","pages":"e13465"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144044791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prediction of Fluid Responsiveness Based on the External Jugular Vein Distensibility Index After Changes in Volume Status in Healthy, Anesthetized, and Mechanically Ventilated Dogs.","authors":"Daeyun Seo, Seongsoo Lim, Beomkwan Namgoong, Heesung Uhm, Hyeajeong Hong, Nanju Lee, Isong Kim, Seunghun Heo, Ji Hwan Kang, Cheyoun Kim, Hayoung Shin, Jiwoong Her, Min-Su Kim","doi":"10.1111/vec.13466","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/vec.13466","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate whether point-of-care ultrasound of the external jugular vein (EJV) can predict fluid responsiveness (FR) in healthy, anesthetized, mechanically ventilated dogs.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Prospective, nonrandomized experimental study.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>University-based small animal research facility.</p><p><strong>Animals: </strong>Six healthy Beagle dogs.</p><p><strong>Interventions: </strong>Dogs were investigated at six time points (TPs): baseline (TP₁); 20 mL/kg of circulating blood was collected over 10 min (TP₂); half of the collected blood was autotransfused for 10 min (TP₃); remaining collected blood was autotransfused for 10 min (TP₄); 0.9% normal saline (10 mL/kg for 10 min) was administered (TP₅); and an additional dose of 0.9% normal saline (10 mL/kg for 10 min) was administered (TP₆). Hemodynamic variables, Doppler images of the left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT), and M-mode images of the EJV were obtained at each TP. FR was evaluated during TP_3-6. FR was defined as an increase of >15% in the LVOT velocity time integral following fluid challenge, while other results were defined as fluid nonresponsiveness (FNR). The external jugular vein distensibility index (EJVDI) was calculated as follows: [(maximal EJV diameter - minimal EJV diameter)/minimal EJV diameter] × 100%. The maximal EJV diameter was measured during inspiration, and the minimal EJV diameter was measured during expiration. In addition, gray zones indicating the range of diagnostic uncertainty were proposed in various indices for predicting FR.</p><p><strong>Measurements and main results: </strong>Among the 24 fluid challenges performed between TP₃ and TP₆, 11 FR and 13 FNR were identified. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for the EJVDI in predicting FR was 0.92, with a cut-ff value of 22.7%, and the gray zone was identified as 22.6%-27.3%.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The EJVDI could be used to predict FR in healthy, anesthetized, mechanically ventilated dogs. Further studies are required before point-of-care ultrasound of the EJV can be applied in various clinical settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":74015,"journal":{"name":"Journal of veterinary emergency and critical care (San Antonio, Tex. : 2001)","volume":" ","pages":"e13466"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144043385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Refractory Hyperkalemia With Type 4 Renal Tubular Acidosis Associated With Tubulointerstitial Nephritis and Renal Papillary Necrosis Following Intravenous Lipid Emulsion Therapy in a Cat.","authors":"Carlos Torrente, Patricia Bou, Marta Riba, Dania Fernández, Luis Bosch","doi":"10.1111/vec.13462","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/vec.13462","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To describe type 4 renal tubular acidosis (RTA) and acquired pseudohypoaldosteronism in a cat with acute kidney injury (AKI) presumably associated with lipid infusion therapy for permethrin toxicosis.</p><p><strong>Case summary: </strong>A 1-year-old neutered male cat presented with acute weakness, ataxia, fasciculations, tremors, hyperthermia, and seizures resulting from permethrin toxicosis. Upon admission, IV diazepam and 20% IV lipid emulsion were administered. Forty-eight hours after discharge, the patient was readmitted for lethargy, anorexia, polyuria, and vomiting. Upon admission, the patient exhibited signs of depression, dehydration, and moderate hypoperfusion. Initial assessments included CBC, serum biochemistry profile, and urinalysis. Further diagnostic workup and abdominal point-of-care ultrasound revealed clinical findings compatible with AKI. Laboratory analysis confirmed severe hyperkalemia, hyperchloremic normal anion gap metabolic acidosis, decreased fractional excretion of potassium, and decreased transtubular potassium gradient in the urine, all consistent with a diagnosis of secondary or acquired pseudohypoaldosteronism and type 4 RTA. Emergency medical treatment for hyperkalemia was initiated, but control of serum potassium concentration was unsuccessful. Peritoneal dialysis (PD) and general supportive care were initiated 24 h after admission. Mineralocorticoid support (continuous rate infusion of hydrocortisone) was initiated 4 days after admission due to suspected deficiency/resistance to aldosterone at the distal nephron. Unfortunately, despite PD, refractory hyperkalemia persisted, and the cat died 16 days after admission. Histopathological examination confirmed an acute and severe renal papillary necrosis.</p><p><strong>New or unique information: </strong>To the authors' knowledge, this is the first description of type 4 RTA in a cat. Furthermore, we hypothesize that, according to the histopathological findings, this presentation of AKI may be secondary to the use of IV lipid emulsion for permethrin toxicosis, a complication not previously reported in the veterinary literature.</p>","PeriodicalId":74015,"journal":{"name":"Journal of veterinary emergency and critical care (San Antonio, Tex. : 2001)","volume":" ","pages":"e13462"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144030155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retrospective Evaluation of the Correlation Between Pa₂:FiO₂ and SpO₂ Ratios in Dogs Undergoing High-Flow Nasal Cannula Oxygen Therapy.","authors":"Jiwoong Her, Emily Lu, Kendon Kuo","doi":"10.1111/vec.13463","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/vec.13463","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In veterinary medicine, high-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy (HFNT) has gained popularity in managing hypoxemic respiratory failure, bridging the gap between conventional oxygen therapy and mechanical ventilation. The SpO₂:FiO₂ (SF) ratio could be useful in assessing oxygenation impairment in dogs undergoing HFNT. The current study aimed to determine whether the SF ratio correlates with the PaO₂:FiO₂ (PF) ratio in dogs undergoing HFNT.</p><p><strong>Key findings: </strong>A total of 30 data pairs with concurrent SpO₂ and PaO₂ measurements were identified from 19 dogs treated with HFNT from two university veterinary teaching hospitals. PF and SF ratios were measured when PaO₂ fell between 74 and 129 mm Hg. The median SF and PF ratios were 186 (interquartile range: 97-243) and 168 (interquartile range: 108-297), respectively. SF ratios were strongly correlated with PF ratios (rho = 0.86 [95% confidence interval: 0.73-0.93], P < 0.001, weighted r = 0.89 [95% confidence interval: 0.74-0.96]).</p><p><strong>Significance: </strong>Preliminary results suggest a statistically significant positive correlation between SF and PF ratios in dogs treated with HFNT. This study provides data that can be used to calculate appropriate sample sizes for subsequent studies investigating the specific SF ratios corresponding with the PF ratios as the criteria for assessing hypoxemia.</p>","PeriodicalId":74015,"journal":{"name":"Journal of veterinary emergency and critical care (San Antonio, Tex. : 2001)","volume":" ","pages":"e13463"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143736282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}