Journal of trace elements and minerals最新文献

{"title":"Evaluation of hydro-geochemical processes controlling groundwater quality in Balkh center (Mazar-e-Sharif), northern Afghanistan","authors":"Asadullah Farahmand ,&nbsp;Abdulhalim Zaryab ,&nbsp;Nasrullah Ameri ,&nbsp;Shakir Ali ,&nbsp;Mohammad Naim Eqrar","doi":"10.1016/j.jtemin.2025.100232","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtemin.2025.100232","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Groundwater in Afghanistan stands as the predominant water source employed for potable consumption, household utilization, irrigation, and industrial applications. Major cities of Afghanistan are largely dependent on groundwater resources. However, the groundwater quality of major cities in Afghanistan, including Mazar-e-Sharif city was not investigated in detail.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study aims to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the hydrochemical characteristics of the Mazar-e-Sharif groundwater, identify the factors influencing groundwater quality, and evaluate the groundwater contamination sources.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A total of 18 groundwater samples were collected during the dry season (June 2020) and analyzed for various physico-chemical parameters. Methods such as multivariate statistical analyses, geochemical modeling, water quality index (WQI), and spatial distribution of groundwater quality were employed to evaluate the hydro-geochemistry of the study area.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The results reveal that <strong>1)</strong> The prevailing groundwater within the study area is predominantly characterized by Na-(Ca)-HCO₃ and Ca-(Mg)-SO₄ water types. <strong>2)</strong> Physicochemical variables such as NO₃⁻, F⁻, TDS, and SO₄²⁻ exceeded the World Health Organization (WHO) safe limits in many wells. <strong>3)</strong> Hydro-geochemical processes such as silicate weathering, cation exchange, and gypsum dissolution controls the groundwater chemistry. <strong>4)</strong> Cl/Br ratios reveal, that high salinity may originate from evaporitic lacustrine and evaporite deposits and found to be localized in nature. <strong>5)</strong> The Water Quality Index (WQI) classification suggests that approximately 60 % of the groundwater samples fall into poor to very poor water quality categories, highlighting substantial public health concerns. Major contaminants like nitrate and fluoride were found to be higher than the safe limit in nearly half of the samples.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The findings of this study hold value for decision-makers in formulating a proficient strategy for the management of groundwater resources in Mazar-e-Sharif City in achieving the UN sustainable goal (SDG) of providing sustainable water for all. Furthermore, new advanced techniques like environmental isotopes should be analyzed to evaluate groundwater hydro-chemical evolution in the future to enhance our understanding.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73997,"journal":{"name":"Journal of trace elements and minerals","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100232"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143631854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multivariate optimization for the development of a sample preparation procedure and evaluation of trace elements in plastic toys","authors":"Dayara Virgínia Lino Ávila ,&nbsp;Sidnei Oliveira Souza ,&nbsp;João Batista Pereira Junior ,&nbsp;Victor Cerdà ,&nbsp;Rennan Geovanny Oliveira Araujo","doi":"10.1016/j.jtemin.2025.100226","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtemin.2025.100226","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Due to the rigidity and resistance caused by formation of bonds between polymer chains, plastic toys are complex matrices.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study was Doehlert design for reagent optimization proportions employing microwave-assisted digestion of plastic toy samples. Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP OES) was applied to determine the concentration of Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, and Pb. Arsenic and Sb concentrations were determined employing hydride generation atomic fluorescence spectrometry (HG-AFS) coupled with a multisyringe flow injection analysis (MSFIA) system.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Plastic toy samples of different colors and shapes were analyzed. Accuracy and precision were measured through analysis of certified reference material of Loamy Clay 1 (CRM 052 – Trace Metals - Loamy Clay 1) along with addition and recovery tests.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The limits of quantification varied between 0.03 (Cd and Mn) and 0.70 mg kg⁻¹ (Sb). All plastic toy samples exhibited concentrations of As, Cd, Cr, Pb, and Sb within the maximum limits established by Brazilian Institute of Metrology, Quality, and Technology (<em>Instituto Nacional de Metrologia, Qualidade e Tecnologia</em> – INMETRO). The concentrations of Co, Cu, Mn, and Ni were below the maximum limits of the Brazilian safety legislation. However, the concentration of Pb in a toy sample was higher than allowed according to European legislation (2009/48/CE), while other elemental concentrations followed European legislation.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The analytical capacity for spectroanalytical techniques as such ICP OES and MAFIA-HG-AFS was adequate in determining trace elements (Co, Cu, and Mn) and potentially toxic (As, Cd, Cr, Sb, Ni and Pb). It showed an excellent application for the analysis of plastic toys.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73997,"journal":{"name":"Journal of trace elements and minerals","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100226"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143611699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corn (Zea mays L.) production and chlorophyll fluorescence affected by drought stress, N fertilization, and genotype","authors":"Mansour Halimi Soufi,&nbsp;Hamid Reza Mobasser,&nbsp;Ahmad Mehraban,&nbsp;Hamid Reza Ganjali,&nbsp;Khaled Miri","doi":"10.1016/j.jtemin.2025.100237","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtemin.2025.100237","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Corn (<em>Zea mays</em> L.) physiology and production in drought stress conditions may be importantly affected by soil N and plant genotype.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>So, more has yet to be indicated on how drought stress and N fertilization may affect production and chlorophyll florescence of corn genotypes as the objective of the present research.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The experiment was a split plot on the basis of a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replicates conducted in two research sites in 2020. Drought stress levels (main plots) including irrigation after 70 mm evaporation from evaporating pan Class A, irrigation stoppage at flowering, grain filling and both flowering and grain filling, N chemical fertilization (sub plots) including control (0), 100, 200, 300 kg ha^-1 and corn genotypes (sub-sub plots) including Kusha 201 (G1), Fajr 260 (G2), and Dehghan 400 (G3) were tested. Different corn morphological (cob diameter, CDM), yield (biological yield, BY, and harvest index, HI) and florescence indices (Fo, Fm, Fv, and Fv/Fm) were determined.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Although drought stress significantly decreased CDM, biological yield, and fluorescence indices, N fertilization (N300) alleviated the stress and G1 had higher BY, and G3 had less CDM (medium) and higher HI and Fo. The significant interaction of drought stress and N fertilization indicates, depending on the level of drought stress, the response of corn genotypes to N fertilization is different.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Depending on stress intensity, determination of appropriate level of N feralization and genotype may result in the most optimum yield production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73997,"journal":{"name":"Journal of trace elements and minerals","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100237"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143703977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the chemical and mineralogical properties of a traditional healing stone from Southern Morocco","authors":"F. El Hilali ,&nbsp;H. El Hilali ,&nbsp;Z. M'hamdi ,&nbsp;I. Loudaoued ,&nbsp;O. Hammani ,&nbsp;M. Aissa ,&nbsp;A. Amechrouq","doi":"10.1016/j.jtemin.2025.100246","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtemin.2025.100246","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Naturotherapy involving geo-materials has been a longstanding practice, originating from antiquity. <em>El Hammira</em>, a striking red medicinal stone from Southern Morocco, continues to be a vital component in traditional Moroccan Saharan health practices. Despite its ongoing significance, the exact chemical composition and therapeutic efficacy of this practice remain largely underexplored, heavily based on oral tradition. This paper aims to characterize the mineral and chemical properties of <em>El Hammira</em> for the first time, using high-performance analytical techniques.</div></div><div><h3>Study Area</h3><div>Six samples were collected from the <em>El Hammira</em> deposit in Es-Smara, located in the southern region of Morocco.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Samples are subjected to analysis using metallographic microscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy, Raman Spectroscopy, X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF), Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES), and Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (SEM-EDX).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The results show that <em>El Hammira</em> is a distinctive rock with high iron content and predominant minerals, including quartz and silica. Additionally, the presence of metals and metalloids in exceeded quantities raises potential concerns regarding safety and efficacy.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This first analysis of <em>El Hammira</em>, highlighting its unique mineral composition and the presence of metals and metalloids. These findings emphasize the need for further research and processing to ensure its safety for medicinal and cosmetic use.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73997,"journal":{"name":"Journal of trace elements and minerals","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100246"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143854591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preliminary analysis of trace metals in well water collected from Lehigh Acres, Florida, USA","authors":"J.O. Olowoyo ,&nbsp;L.G. Pap ,&nbsp;O.M. Oladeji","doi":"10.1016/j.jtemin.2025.100231","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtemin.2025.100231","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>The supply of water for domestic purposes from wells is common in some areas in the United States of America. However, research has shown that this underground water may become polluted with trace metals due to both natural processes and anthropogenic effects.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>The current study evaluated the levels of trace metals in well water from a community in Florida. The study further investigated the potential health risks associated with the levels of trace metals in the water samples.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 34 water samples (treated and untreated) were used for the study. The result showed the presence of Pb in both treated and untreated water samples 18.2 ± 1.8 µg L^-1–117.7 ± 4.5 µg L^-1. Fe concentrations ranged from 10.7 ± 2.2 µg L^-1–940.1 ± 3.5 µg L^-1. Values obtained for Pb were higher than the recommended limit. Three of the water samples have Fe values above the recommended limit for human consumption. Differences obtained from the treated and untreated water samples for some of the trace metals were not significant (p &lt; 0.05). The health risk calculated in this study for Pb, and other trace metals did not show any potential health risk at this stage because the values were all &lt;1. The ecological risk assessment also showed no threat to the environment at this stage with a caution for Pb and Cu due to the values obtained.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The presence of Pb in water suggests the need for continuous monitoring of the water samples from the area and further investigation to the actual source of Pb may be necessary so as to ensure safety.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73997,"journal":{"name":"Journal of trace elements and minerals","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100231"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143641661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The phosphate solubilizing and N fixing Pantoea agglomerans bacteria affecting yield and biochemical properties including nutrient uptake of different tomato genotypes","authors":"Hamed Soltani ,&nbsp;Akbar Hassani ,&nbsp;Mohammad Baba Akbari Sari ,&nbsp;Mehrdad Hanifei","doi":"10.1016/j.jtemin.2025.100225","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtemin.2025.100225","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Suggesting and testing innovative methods, which may enhance the growth and quality of crop plants in the field is of economic and health significance.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives and methods</h3><div>There is not much data, to our knowledge, on the use of the endophytic bacteria, <em>Pantoea agglomerans</em>, affecting growth, yield and biochemical properties of different tomato (<em>Solanum lycopersicum</em>) genotypes (Rusha, Maranku, Hiro, and Vitara, supplied by the Zola Company, Holland) in the field conditions, as the objective of the present research. Different tomato growth and quality parameters including leaf greenness, number of flower, yield, fruit dissolved solids and dry biomass, pH, vitamin C, and nutrient uptake (N, P, K) were determined.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Genotype 3 followed by Genotype 4 indicated to be the most efficient ones with significantly higher tomato yield and nutrient uptake. The bacterial inoculation significantly increased tomato yield from a minimum of 7.58 kg plot⁻¹ (control) to a maximum of 11.08 kg plot⁻¹ (bacteria and Genotype 3). Interestingly, the highest vitamin C was resulted by the combination of the bacteria and Genotype 2 (15.53 mg 100g⁻¹) and the least by the control treatment (12.18 mg 100g⁻¹). The bacteria and Genotype 3 resulted in the highest N (3.76 and 4.46%) and P (0.38 and 0.52%) concentrations, and for K (2.67 and 3.83%) it was resulted by Genotype 1 and the bacteria. Fruit pH was negatively and significantly correlated with all the measured parameters.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Although genotype was a determining factor significantly affecting tomato growth, yield and biochemical properties including nutrient uptake (N, P and K), its combination with <em>P. agglomerans</em>, intensified such enhancing effects. The tested bacterial strain, as a suitable biofertilization method, with respect to the compatibility of tomato genotype, is able to enhance tomato growth, yield and quality by affecting plant biochemical properties. The future research may look for the single and combined effects of <em>P. agglomerans</em> with the other PGPR strains on tomato quality and yield in different conditions including stress, which is of economic and health significance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73997,"journal":{"name":"Journal of trace elements and minerals","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100225"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143591756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison between inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry and benchtop X-ray fluorescence performance for trace elemental exposure in rat tissues","authors":"Kolawole E. Adesina ,&nbsp;Stefano A. Parducci ,&nbsp;Joseph D. Brain ,&nbsp;Ramon M. Molina ,&nbsp;Marc Weisskopf ,&nbsp;Aaron J. Specht","doi":"10.1016/j.jtemin.2025.100229","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtemin.2025.100229","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Trace elemental toxicants induce health detriment in almost every organ system in the human body and account for a large amount of environmental and ecological environmental pollution. Traditionally, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) has been the gold standard for measuring elemental concentrations in biological tissues collected from toxicological and epidemiological studies. However, ICP-MS is often limited by its complexity, cost, and time-intensive nature.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This study investigates the feasibility of benchtop X-ray fluorescence (XRF) as an efficient alternative for trace elemental analysis in rat tissues, offering comparable quantification capabilities with enhanced operational simplicity. We conducted a comparative analysis using tissue samples from multiple rat organs, including stomach, eyes, and liver.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The elemental concentrations of Arsenic (As), Cadmium (Cd), Copper (Cu), Manganese (Mn), and Zinc (Zn) were measured using both ICP-MS and a high-powered benchtop XRF (Epsilon 4, Malvern Panalytical). Our findings demonstrated strong linear regression correlations between the two methods: As (R² = 0.86), Cd (R² = 0.81), Cu (R² = 0.77), Mn (R² = 0.88), and Zn (R² = 0.74). The overall Pearson correlation coefficient was <em>r</em> = 0.95 (<em>p</em> ≤ 0.05), indicating high concordance between the mean concentrations obtained from ICP-MS and benchtop XRF. The median minimum detection limits for the elements were 0.12 µg/g, with specific limits for Cd (0.0042 µg/g), Cu (0.040 µg/g), Zn (0.12 µg/g), As (0.25 µg/g), and Mn (0.35 µg/g) over a 7.5-minute measurement period. Bland-Altman analysis revealed high agreement between the two methods, particularly for As, Cu, and Mn.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>These results suggest that both ICP-MS and benchtop XRF are viable for elemental quantification in organ tissues, with benchtop XRF being more practical for low-mass samples. This study shows benchtop XRF's potential for high-throughput, accurate trace element analysis in biological samples, broadening its use in environmental and toxicological research.</div></div><div><h3>Synopsis</h3><div>Human and ecological tissues of varying compositions and densities can be measured effectively using benchtop X-ray fluorescence</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73997,"journal":{"name":"Journal of trace elements and minerals","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100229"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143611700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Health risks of geogenic contaminants in gold mining areas in Geita, Tanzania","authors":"Noel Isack Kaaya ,&nbsp;Maheswara Rao Vegi ,&nbsp;Athanas Simon Macheyeki","doi":"10.1016/j.jtemin.2025.100222","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtemin.2025.100222","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Mining in Tanzania's Lake Zone, especially Geita, may release toxic elements linked to health risks like cancer, but the most hazardous PTEs and vulnerable groups are uncertain.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aims to assess the health risks posed by metal(loid)s in &lt;75 µm particles of gold mine tailings for workers, children, and adults at four artisanal and small-scale gold mining (ASGM) sites in Geita: Bululu, Ifugandi, Nyarugusu, and Lwamgasa.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Concentrations of metal(loid)s in tailings were measured using ICP-OES. Carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks were assessed for children, gold mine workers, and adult residents using the USEPA risk assessment approach. Multivariate analysis using Minitab 18 software was used for the identification of metal(loid)s source.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Tailings from ASGM sites contain 49 % to 54 % of particles &lt;75 µm, which can be ingested or transported by wind, presenting significant health risks. The most carcinogenic PTEs are As (86 %), Ni (9 %), and Cr (5 %), while Cd and Pb pose negligible risks. As causes the highest risk in Bululu and Ifugandi, while Cr and Ni are most concerning in Nyarugusu and Lwamgasa. The Health Hazard Index (HI) exceeds the safe limit (1.00) in Bululu for As, while in Nyarugusu, Cr and Mn also surpass the limit.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Geogenic contaminants from mining may cause cancer. Therefore, there is a need to mitigate pollution by using methods such as tailing stabilization, phytoremediation, better tailings management, awareness programs, health screenings, and safety regulation enforcement.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73997,"journal":{"name":"Journal of trace elements and minerals","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100222"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143580551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determination of potentially toxic heavy metals in milk powder marketed in Kurdistan of Iraq","authors":"Hiwa Mohammad Qadr,&nbsp;Midya Hussen Ibrahim,&nbsp;Hanifa Younis Hassan","doi":"10.1016/j.jtemin.2025.100219","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtemin.2025.100219","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Milk products have become a popular human nutrient in recent years because of their vitamins and minerals that are essential for the development and function of various organs and tissues. Additionally, excessive consumption of these vitamins and minerals may adversely affect our health.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study aimed to determine the concentration of five potentially toxic heavy metals, namely cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn) in 14 samples of powdered milk collected from the Iraqi Kurdistan Region markets. Furthermore, the experimental data were then used to determine the potential health risk for an adult age through the metal pollution index (MPI), estimated daily intake of metals (EDIM), human health risk index (HHRI) and hazard index (HI)</div></div><div><h3>Methodology</h3><div>In this study, the concentrations were determined using energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The findings demonstrate that the mean concentrations of Cd, Pb, Ni, Cu, and Zn in powdered milk samples were 0.079, 0.042, 0.077, 0.056 and 0.847 mg kg⁻¹, respectively. Human health was found to be very lowly affected by these metals based on the results of the estimated daily intake of metals (EDIM). Hazard index (HI) values in 36 % were less than 1 and 64 % were higher than 1.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The consumption of powdered milk by adults may pose potential health risks, and other protein sources should be monitored for metals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73997,"journal":{"name":"Journal of trace elements and minerals","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100219"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143422028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of toxic elements contamination in cigarettes sold in algeria and associated health risks","authors":"A.I. CHEBLI ,&nbsp;Z. CHELIGHEM ,&nbsp;A. ZERGUI ,&nbsp;A. AMZIANE ,&nbsp;Y. ZEBBICHE ,&nbsp;A. BELLOUM ,&nbsp;S. ABDENNOUR","doi":"10.1016/j.jtemin.2025.100239","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtemin.2025.100239","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Tobacco consumption remains a critical public health concern globally, with Algeria among the highest tobacco-consuming countries in Africa. Cigarettes contain toxic elements like lead, cadmium, mercury, chromium, and nickel, contributing to severe health risks, including cancer and cardiovascular diseases. This study aimed to (i) determine their concentrations in Algerian cigarettes and (ii) evaluate associated non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic health risks in smokers.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and Method</h3><div>A total of 200 samples from 25 brands were randomly collected from various retail outlets, then analyzed using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). To assess their health risks, Average Daily Dose (ADD), the Hazard Quotient; (HQ), the Hazard Index (HI), and the lifetime average daily dose (LADDi) were calculated and compared with international Studies.</div></div><div><h3>Results and Discussion</h3><div>Analysed tobacco brands sold in Algeria have found to be contaminated by Pb, Cd, Hg, Cr, and Ni. The highest levels of Pb, Cd, Hg, Cr, and Ni were 19.02 ± 0.26, 0.72 ± 0.02, 0.450 ± 0.05, 8.96 ± 0.18, and 4.93 ± 0.06 μg.<em>g</em>⁻¹ respectively. The limits of quantification (LOQ) were determined as follows: 0.0011 μg/g for Pb, 0.0018 μg/g for Cd, 0.0017 μg/g for Hg, 0.0013 μg/g for Cr, and 0.0014 μg/g for Ni. Recovery rates exceeded 80 % for all elements, ensuring the reliability of the analytical method. The Brand n°06 had the highest content in Pb, Hg, and Cr. This metallic contamination can be due to soil pollution as tobacco plants are highly capable of absorbing toxic elements, but also the manufacturing process and the use of flavours.The non-carcinogenic risk with HI &gt; 1 was found in 96 % of the brands, primarily from lead and cadmium while 44 % had acceptable carcinogenic risks, mainly related to chromium.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study highlights the presence of toxic elements in cigarettes sold in Algeria at levels that could pose significant health risks. Given the scarcity of data on this issue in the region, our findings emphasize the need for stricter regulations and further studies to better assess and mitigate the exposure of Algerian smokers to these toxic elements.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73997,"journal":{"name":"Journal of trace elements and minerals","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100239"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143716139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}