Journal of trace elements and minerals最新文献

{"title":"Availability and mobilisation of potentially harmful elements in contaminated mining sites: A systematic review of using soil amendments and plants for remediation","authors":"Albert Kobina Mensah ,&nbsp;Ephraim Sekyi-Annan ,&nbsp;Emmanuel Amoakwah","doi":"10.1016/j.jtemin.2025.100234","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtemin.2025.100234","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aim</h3><div>Environmental contamination in Ghana constitutes both a political and sustainability challenge. This study offers a contemporary analysis of the influence and prevalence of potentially harmful elements (PHEs) in the environment related to mining activities. Additionally, we examine soil remediation initiatives and research conducted in the previous decade to tackle soil contamination and pollution issues within the mining industry.</div></div><div><h3>Material and methods</h3><div>The study focused on peer-reviewed publications in the last decade (i.e., 2014–2024) identified in the Scopus database. The search included articles written in English at the final stage of publication and all open-access content, including those published in gold. The study context was in Ghana. A total of 185 publications related to topics such as biochar, iron oxides, compost, charcoal, phytoremediation, organic amendments, inorganic fertilisers, and soil amendments were identified within the aforementioned time frame.</div></div><div><h3>Results and discussions</h3><div>We found 2,175 global document results from 2014 to 2024 related to soil amendments and phytoremediation for remediating harmful elements in mine-soils. We identified 524 documents in Ghana, which accounted for 24% of global research articles on these topics. The 185 studies that were included made up 35% of all studies on mine-contaminated soils in Ghana that used organic amendments and phytoremediation strategies. Consequently, the 185 documents constituted 9% of all research articles published in the world.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions and implications</h3><div>We emphasise the importance of implementing strategies to mitigate PHE contamination to protect the health of humans, plants, and animals. Overall, green remediation can effectively tackle PHEs contamination problems, minimise the spread of metals and metalloids in the food chain, prevent their transfer into surface water and groundwater resources, and ensure a clean environment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73997,"journal":{"name":"Journal of trace elements and minerals","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100234"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143683083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insights into the interplay among zinc, biological aging, fasting, energy intake, and inflammation: A cross-sectional analysis using 2015-2018 NHANES participants","authors":"Rebecca Lake ,&nbsp;Juan Liuzzi ,&nbsp;Changwon Yoo","doi":"10.1016/j.jtemin.2025.100233","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtemin.2025.100233","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Although it is documented that zinc plays an essential role in immune function, little is known about its relationship to factors that influence biological aging. The primary objective of this study is to investigate how fasting status, total energy intake, and carbohydrate intake interfaces with dietary zinc intake and acute inflammation status via HS-CRP in young adults.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>A nationally representative sample of 1,211 adults (ages 19-35 years old) from the 2015-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey cycles was included in this cross-sectional analysis. The data derived from the first and secondary dietary recall, fasting questionnaire, physical examination, and bloodwork collected at the Mobile Examination Center. HS-CRP levels were associated with dietary zinc intake and either fasting status, energy intake, and or carbohydrate intake while adjusting for WBC count, choline intake, folate intake, BMI, and gender. Survey weighted generalized linear models were constructed and the Rao-Scott likelihood ratio test was implemented via the <em>survey</em> package in R.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A two-way interaction effect was identified between the variables Adequate Zinc Intake, defined as consuming at least 8 mg of zinc per day and Fasted defined as fasting for 9 or more hours, which was associated with a reduction in circulating HS-CRP (OR = 0.56, 95 % CI: 0.33-0.96, <em>p</em> = 0.038). Fasting was associated with higher levels of HS-CRP (OR = 1.76, 95 % CI: 1.12-2.76, <em>p</em> = 0.016). No other models were significant.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Short-term fasting was associated with an increase in HS-CRP; however, adequate zinc intake during fasting may lower circulating levels of HS-CR.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73997,"journal":{"name":"Journal of trace elements and minerals","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100233"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143739422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multivariate optimization for the development of a sample preparation procedure and evaluation of trace elements in plastic toys","authors":"Dayara Virgínia Lino Ávila ,&nbsp;Sidnei Oliveira Souza ,&nbsp;João Batista Pereira Junior ,&nbsp;Victor Cerdà ,&nbsp;Rennan Geovanny Oliveira Araujo","doi":"10.1016/j.jtemin.2025.100226","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtemin.2025.100226","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Due to the rigidity and resistance caused by formation of bonds between polymer chains, plastic toys are complex matrices.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study was Doehlert design for reagent optimization proportions employing microwave-assisted digestion of plastic toy samples. Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP OES) was applied to determine the concentration of Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, and Pb. Arsenic and Sb concentrations were determined employing hydride generation atomic fluorescence spectrometry (HG-AFS) coupled with a multisyringe flow injection analysis (MSFIA) system.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Plastic toy samples of different colors and shapes were analyzed. Accuracy and precision were measured through analysis of certified reference material of Loamy Clay 1 (CRM 052 – Trace Metals - Loamy Clay 1) along with addition and recovery tests.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The limits of quantification varied between 0.03 (Cd and Mn) and 0.70 mg kg⁻¹ (Sb). All plastic toy samples exhibited concentrations of As, Cd, Cr, Pb, and Sb within the maximum limits established by Brazilian Institute of Metrology, Quality, and Technology (<em>Instituto Nacional de Metrologia, Qualidade e Tecnologia</em> – INMETRO). The concentrations of Co, Cu, Mn, and Ni were below the maximum limits of the Brazilian safety legislation. However, the concentration of Pb in a toy sample was higher than allowed according to European legislation (2009/48/CE), while other elemental concentrations followed European legislation.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The analytical capacity for spectroanalytical techniques as such ICP OES and MAFIA-HG-AFS was adequate in determining trace elements (Co, Cu, and Mn) and potentially toxic (As, Cd, Cr, Sb, Ni and Pb). It showed an excellent application for the analysis of plastic toys.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73997,"journal":{"name":"Journal of trace elements and minerals","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100226"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143611699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of hydro-geochemical processes controlling groundwater quality in Balkh center (Mazar-e-Sharif), northern Afghanistan","authors":"Asadullah Farahmand ,&nbsp;Abdulhalim Zaryab ,&nbsp;Nasrullah Ameri ,&nbsp;Shakir Ali ,&nbsp;Mohammad Naim Eqrar","doi":"10.1016/j.jtemin.2025.100232","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtemin.2025.100232","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Groundwater in Afghanistan stands as the predominant water source employed for potable consumption, household utilization, irrigation, and industrial applications. Major cities of Afghanistan are largely dependent on groundwater resources. However, the groundwater quality of major cities in Afghanistan, including Mazar-e-Sharif city was not investigated in detail.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study aims to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the hydrochemical characteristics of the Mazar-e-Sharif groundwater, identify the factors influencing groundwater quality, and evaluate the groundwater contamination sources.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A total of 18 groundwater samples were collected during the dry season (June 2020) and analyzed for various physico-chemical parameters. Methods such as multivariate statistical analyses, geochemical modeling, water quality index (WQI), and spatial distribution of groundwater quality were employed to evaluate the hydro-geochemistry of the study area.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The results reveal that <strong>1)</strong> The prevailing groundwater within the study area is predominantly characterized by Na-(Ca)-HCO₃ and Ca-(Mg)-SO₄ water types. <strong>2)</strong> Physicochemical variables such as NO₃⁻, F⁻, TDS, and SO₄²⁻ exceeded the World Health Organization (WHO) safe limits in many wells. <strong>3)</strong> Hydro-geochemical processes such as silicate weathering, cation exchange, and gypsum dissolution controls the groundwater chemistry. <strong>4)</strong> Cl/Br ratios reveal, that high salinity may originate from evaporitic lacustrine and evaporite deposits and found to be localized in nature. <strong>5)</strong> The Water Quality Index (WQI) classification suggests that approximately 60 % of the groundwater samples fall into poor to very poor water quality categories, highlighting substantial public health concerns. Major contaminants like nitrate and fluoride were found to be higher than the safe limit in nearly half of the samples.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The findings of this study hold value for decision-makers in formulating a proficient strategy for the management of groundwater resources in Mazar-e-Sharif City in achieving the UN sustainable goal (SDG) of providing sustainable water for all. Furthermore, new advanced techniques like environmental isotopes should be analyzed to evaluate groundwater hydro-chemical evolution in the future to enhance our understanding.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73997,"journal":{"name":"Journal of trace elements and minerals","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100232"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143631854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alfalfa seeds biofortification with zinc for production of enriched sprouts","authors":"Marco Antonio Alves de Paula ,&nbsp;Rafael Giovanini de Lima ,&nbsp;Paulo Sérgio Monteiro ,&nbsp;Fabrícia Queiroz Mendes ,&nbsp;Hudson Wallace Pereira de Carvalho ,&nbsp;Willian Rodrigues Macedo","doi":"10.1016/j.jtemin.2025.100230","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtemin.2025.100230","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Hidden hunger is considered a dilemma, especially in developing countries. The scarcity of micronutrients causes severe health problems by weaking the population's immune system. Biofortified food can mitigate the harm of this problem by assisting specially less favored persons that cannot afford supplements.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study aimed to evaluate the biofortification of alfalfa (<em>Medicago sativa</em> L.) seeds with zinc (Zn) through osmotic conditioning as a strategy to produce enriched sprouts that contribute to human mineral nutrition and adopt modern analytical tools to verify Zn absorption in seedlings.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Four rates of Zn were tested: 0 mmol l^-1, 0.005 mmol l^-1, 0.010 mmol l^-1, and 0.015 mmol l^-1 of Zn as ZnSO₄·7H₂O. Sprout mass (g), root length (cm) and shoot length (cm), germination rate (%), germination speed index, and Zn concentration in the sprouts were evaluated.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>No significant differences between treatments were observed for sprout mass and germination speed index. However, increases were noticed for root growth and germination rate at estimated doses of 0.0091 and 0.0099 mmol l^-1 of Zn, respectively. X-ray fluorescence analysis showed Zn concentrations as follows: 134, 176, 208, and 288 μg g^-1 for the 0, 0.005, 0.010, and 0.015 mmol l^-1 of Zn treatments, respectively. Biofortification proved a viable tool for plant shoot enrichment, with doses close to 0.010 mmol l^-1 of Zn resulting in superior plant development and adequate Zn accumulation in the sprouts.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Osmotic conditioning has proven to be a technological process capable of assisting in food biofortification, and X-ray fluorescence is an adequate analytical tool to measure mineral elements in plant-based food.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73997,"journal":{"name":"Journal of trace elements and minerals","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100230"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143645028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Product Quality Research Institute elemental impurity interlaboratory study: Results and implications for industry","authors":"James M. Harrington ,&nbsp;Donna S. Seibert ,&nbsp;Glenn Williams ,&nbsp;Thanh Nguyen ,&nbsp;Denise McClenathan ,&nbsp;Stephen W. Erickson","doi":"10.1016/j.jtemin.2025.100227","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtemin.2025.100227","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Pharmaceutical laboratories experienced a paradigm shift in drug product elemental impurity (EI) expectations in International Council on Harmonization of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH) Guideline Q3D and United States Pharmacopeia (USP) General Chapters &lt;232&gt;/&lt;233&gt;. These guidelines describe a risk-based approach to EI analysis. Few systematic evaluations of interlaboratory performance on EI analysis in pharmaceutics have been conducted following these guidelines. Our goal is to address key technical challenges faced by laboratories during the implementation of these regulations.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and Methods</h3><div>We organized an interlaboratory study using standardized samples and methodology to assess sample preparation and analysis variability. Participants performed microwave-assisted acid preparation of simulated pharmaceutical products and analyzed Class 1 and 2A EI's by inductively-coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Several laboratories performed X-ray Fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF) for comparison.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>ICP-MS reproducibility was high both within and between laboratories, except for Hg and V. Exhaustive extraction and total digestion were generally comparable, between 87 and 111 % for As, Cd, Co, and Pb. Total digestion exhibited lower variability than exhaustive extraction. Two types of microwave systems produced comparable results for most elements except Hg and Pb. The summation approach was comparable to direct analysis of tablets except for Hg and Cd, but summation demonstrated greater variability. XRF showed good agreement with ICP-MS and low replicate variability within labs.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion and Conclusions</h3><div>While the results were generally favorable, they demonstrate that some technical challenges remain to be addressed related to standardizing laboratory practices including interference correction strategies and selection of preparation methods. We discuss implications for method transfer between laboratories.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73997,"journal":{"name":"Journal of trace elements and minerals","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100227"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143611698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison between inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry and benchtop X-ray fluorescence performance for trace elemental exposure in rat tissues","authors":"Kolawole E. Adesina ,&nbsp;Stefano A. Parducci ,&nbsp;Joseph D. Brain ,&nbsp;Ramon M. Molina ,&nbsp;Marc Weisskopf ,&nbsp;Aaron J. Specht","doi":"10.1016/j.jtemin.2025.100229","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtemin.2025.100229","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Trace elemental toxicants induce health detriment in almost every organ system in the human body and account for a large amount of environmental and ecological environmental pollution. Traditionally, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) has been the gold standard for measuring elemental concentrations in biological tissues collected from toxicological and epidemiological studies. However, ICP-MS is often limited by its complexity, cost, and time-intensive nature.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This study investigates the feasibility of benchtop X-ray fluorescence (XRF) as an efficient alternative for trace elemental analysis in rat tissues, offering comparable quantification capabilities with enhanced operational simplicity. We conducted a comparative analysis using tissue samples from multiple rat organs, including stomach, eyes, and liver.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The elemental concentrations of Arsenic (As), Cadmium (Cd), Copper (Cu), Manganese (Mn), and Zinc (Zn) were measured using both ICP-MS and a high-powered benchtop XRF (Epsilon 4, Malvern Panalytical). Our findings demonstrated strong linear regression correlations between the two methods: As (R² = 0.86), Cd (R² = 0.81), Cu (R² = 0.77), Mn (R² = 0.88), and Zn (R² = 0.74). The overall Pearson correlation coefficient was <em>r</em> = 0.95 (<em>p</em> ≤ 0.05), indicating high concordance between the mean concentrations obtained from ICP-MS and benchtop XRF. The median minimum detection limits for the elements were 0.12 µg/g, with specific limits for Cd (0.0042 µg/g), Cu (0.040 µg/g), Zn (0.12 µg/g), As (0.25 µg/g), and Mn (0.35 µg/g) over a 7.5-minute measurement period. Bland-Altman analysis revealed high agreement between the two methods, particularly for As, Cu, and Mn.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>These results suggest that both ICP-MS and benchtop XRF are viable for elemental quantification in organ tissues, with benchtop XRF being more practical for low-mass samples. This study shows benchtop XRF's potential for high-throughput, accurate trace element analysis in biological samples, broadening its use in environmental and toxicological research.</div></div><div><h3>Synopsis</h3><div>Human and ecological tissues of varying compositions and densities can be measured effectively using benchtop X-ray fluorescence</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73997,"journal":{"name":"Journal of trace elements and minerals","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100229"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143611700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preliminary analysis of trace metals in well water collected from Lehigh Acres, Florida, USA","authors":"J.O. Olowoyo ,&nbsp;L.G. Pap ,&nbsp;O.M. Oladeji","doi":"10.1016/j.jtemin.2025.100231","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtemin.2025.100231","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>The supply of water for domestic purposes from wells is common in some areas in the United States of America. However, research has shown that this underground water may become polluted with trace metals due to both natural processes and anthropogenic effects.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>The current study evaluated the levels of trace metals in well water from a community in Florida. The study further investigated the potential health risks associated with the levels of trace metals in the water samples.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 34 water samples (treated and untreated) were used for the study. The result showed the presence of Pb in both treated and untreated water samples 18.2 ± 1.8 µg L^-1–117.7 ± 4.5 µg L^-1. Fe concentrations ranged from 10.7 ± 2.2 µg L^-1–940.1 ± 3.5 µg L^-1. Values obtained for Pb were higher than the recommended limit. Three of the water samples have Fe values above the recommended limit for human consumption. Differences obtained from the treated and untreated water samples for some of the trace metals were not significant (p &lt; 0.05). The health risk calculated in this study for Pb, and other trace metals did not show any potential health risk at this stage because the values were all &lt;1. The ecological risk assessment also showed no threat to the environment at this stage with a caution for Pb and Cu due to the values obtained.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The presence of Pb in water suggests the need for continuous monitoring of the water samples from the area and further investigation to the actual source of Pb may be necessary so as to ensure safety.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73997,"journal":{"name":"Journal of trace elements and minerals","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100231"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143641661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the total contents and bioaccessible fractions of inorganic constituents in nutritive flours exposed to consumption in Brazil","authors":"Thaís Luz de Souza ,&nbsp;Leilane Rodrigues Santos ,&nbsp;Caio Silva Assis Felix ,&nbsp;Laura Beatriz Souza e Souza ,&nbsp;Ivana Ferreira Simões ,&nbsp;Crislaine Santos Lima ,&nbsp;Marcele Catarino Souza dos Santos ,&nbsp;Rennan Geovanny Oliveira Araújo ,&nbsp;Aníbal de Freitas Santos Júnior ,&nbsp;Daniele Cristina Muniz Batista Santos","doi":"10.1016/j.jtemin.2025.100228","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtemin.2025.100228","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Inorganic constituents are chemical elements or metal ions essential for human survival, through regulatory mechanisms in various cellular processes. The aim of this study was to determine the total (TT) and bioaccessible (TB) content of inorganic constituents in 20 nutritive flour (NF) samples exposed to consumption in Brazil, using the INFOGEST <em>in vitro</em> digestion method.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Approximately 0.250 g of NF sample was digested in a closed digestion block with 2.8 mL of 65 %(m m^-1) HNO₃ + 1.0 mL of 30 %(m m^-1) H₂O₂ + 4.2 mL of deionized water, for 45 min at 200 °C. Concentrations of Al, Ba, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, P, Sr and Zn were determined by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP OES). Estimates of the bioaccessible levels of microelements (Al, Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn) were performed based on the <em>in vitro</em> INFOGEST protocol.</div></div><div><h3>Results and Discussion</h3><div>The range of total microelement contents in the NF (dry weight, in µg g^-1) were: Al (18.00 to 333), Ba (0.98 to 67.10), Cu (1.45 to 75.51), Fe (8.57 to 337), Mn (0.38 to 107), Sr (0.54 to 59.39), and Zn (3.44 to 122). Macroelement contents (dry weight, in µg g^-1) were: Ca (43.12 to 5276), K (71.60 to 11,392), Mg (42.09 to 6519), Na (63.85 to 1668), and P (134 to 19,359). Significant concentrations of Fe, Mg, Mn, P and Zn were found in pumpkin seed flour. Copper levels in grape seed flour was high when compared to the other samples analyzed. Multivariate analysis showed groupings and similarities among the samples. Bioaccessible contents (in %) ranged from Al (0.21 to 10.37), Cu (2.93 to 26.57), Fe (1.39 to 36.46), Mn (0.73 to 107), and Zn (3.71 to 117). In the NF analyzed, Mn and Zn were the elements most available in the gastrointestinal fluids.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The technique of ICP OES proved to be adequate, as it showed good linearity, sensitivity, precision and accuracy for the determination of inorganic constituents in NF samples. Variations in inorganic composition between NF were observed. This study contributes to the expansion of the contribution of NF to the diet of the population.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73997,"journal":{"name":"Journal of trace elements and minerals","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100228"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143591610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Total and Bioaccessible contents of Microelements in Multivitamin Formulations Exposed to Consumption in Brazil using in vitro Gastrointestinal Digestion (INFOGEST Protocol)","authors":"Abdon Luiz Ornelas Latif ,&nbsp;Thaís Luz de Sousa ,&nbsp;Laura Beatriz Souza e Souza ,&nbsp;Ivana Ferreira Simões ,&nbsp;Alex Sander Lopes da Silva ,&nbsp;Daniele Cristina Muniz Batista Santos ,&nbsp;Aníbal de Freitas Santos Júnior ,&nbsp;Clícia Maria de Jesus Benevides","doi":"10.1016/j.jtemin.2025.100224","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtemin.2025.100224","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Multivitamin formulations (MFs) are used worldwide to meet needs in diets for the purpose of improving health, when necessary. Therefore, evaluating the <em>in vitro</em> micronutrient bioaccessibility by gastrointestinal digestion methods is essential to understand the available fraction of these analytes in the body.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>In this study, methods were optimized and validated using the INFOGEST 2.0 protocol for <em>in vitro</em> gastrointestinal digestion and ICP OES to quantify concentrations of 13 trace elements (Al, Ba, Ca, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Se, Sn, Sr, Ti, V, and Zn) in Brazilian MFs. Additionally, it seeks to correlate the levels of elements indicated on the label with the recommended daily values (RDV).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Approximately, 0.75 g of MF sample were digested in a closed digestion block using 2.0 mL of 65 %(m/m) HNO₃ + 5.0 mL of ultrapure water + 1.0 mL of 30 %(m/m) H₂O₂, at 180 °C for 90 min. Microelement bioaccessibility in Brazilian MFs through <em>in vitro</em> gastrointestinal digestion INFOGEST 2.0 and analysis by ICP OES were performed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The range of microelements total contents (µg g^-1) in the multivitamin formulations were: Al (11.2 ± 0.2 to 256.0 ± 22.2), Ba (&lt; 0.004 to 1.2 ± 0.1), Cu (11.0 ± 0.9 to 1327.9 ± 25.6), Fe (1373.2 ± 49.7 to 8480.6 ± 146.9), Mn (443.6 ± 3.9 to 2670.7 ± 137.5), Mo (&lt; 0.02 to 29.0 ± 1.4), Se (&lt; 0.01 to 54.7 ± 1.6), Sn (&lt; 0.01 to 15.0 ± 2.4), Sr (&lt; 0.002 to 60.4 ± 0.7), Ti (&lt; 3.0 to 99.3 ± 5.3), and Zn (551.5 ± 21.2 to 3675.5 ± 40.3). Vanadium was below the quantification limit (&lt; 0.02). The results revealed low bioaccessible contents (%) of Cu (0 to 23.8), Fe (0 to 15.7), Mn (0 to 11.4), and Zn (0 to 9.7), emphasizing the importance of regulation and quality control for consumer confidence.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The analysis of Brazilian MFs raised significant concerns, as most samples did not reach 50 % of the total declared content. The low mineral release during digestion simulation indicates the need for more effective formulations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73997,"journal":{"name":"Journal of trace elements and minerals","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100224"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143591757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}