Journal of the Royal Society of Health最新文献

{"title":"To clone or not to clone--the debate continues.","authors":"B Qureshi","doi":"10.1177/146642409811800202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/146642409811800202","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73989,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Royal Society of Health","volume":"118 2","pages":"73"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/146642409811800202","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20950233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lessons to be learned: a case study approach. Primary hyperparathyroidism simulating an acute severe polyneuritis.","authors":"A Olukoga","doi":"10.1177/146642409811800211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/146642409811800211","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The case is presented of a 65 year old lady with recent onset of neuromuscular manifestations, comprising paraparesis, areflexia and unsteady gait, along with episodes of slurring of speech and diplopia, later confirmed to be due to severe hypercalcaemia--which itself was caused by primary hyperparathyroidism. Restoration of normocalcaemia, by means of rehydration and bisphosphonate therapy, resulted in clinical improvement--whilst subsequent parathyroidectomy was followed by complete resolution of all symptoms. In order to make prompt differentiation between the neurological sequelae of hyperparathyroidism and a primary neurological disorder, a high index of suspicion is required. An urgent serum calcium assay, as part of a bone profile, is mandatory in patients who present with neurological symptoms--especially the elderly, amongst whom hyperparathyroidism is especially common.</p>","PeriodicalId":73989,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Royal Society of Health","volume":"118 2","pages":"103-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/146642409811800211","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20949440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The growing influence of non governmental organisations (NGOs) in international health: challenges and opportunities.","authors":"C Akukwe","doi":"10.1177/146642409811800212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/146642409811800212","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The growing influence of non governmental organizations (NGOs) in international health is occurring in the face of major challenges and opportunities. These challenges include the continued increases in global poverty status, the growing influence of private-funded health systems, the need for sustainability of external-funded programs, and the clamour for community participation in the planning and management of external-funded programs. Opportunities include the near universal recognition of the indispensable roles of NGOs by bilateral institutions and governments, the current emphasis on global trade by developed countries, and the need to develop political and economic systems that are equitable and promote social development. This article is an overview of these challenges and how these challenges can become excellent opportunities for NGOs to improve the health and social development of target communities in developing countries.</p>","PeriodicalId":73989,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Royal Society of Health","volume":"118 2","pages":"107-15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/146642409811800212","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20949441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Re: Essential oils and 'aromatherapy' their modern role in healing.","authors":"M Lis-Balchin","doi":"10.1177/146642409811800216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/146642409811800216","url":null,"abstract":"I wish to draw attention to the dangerous trend in the usage of ’Essential Oils internally, by oral, rectal and vaginal routes by some Aromatherapists. In an article in your Journal last year, I gave the true definition of Aromatherapy, which must involve the odour of the oils but need not include massage in the therapeutic use. I also pointed out that the use of essential oils internally, as medicines on the continent, is conducted by medically qualified doctors and that encapsulated Peppermint oil is used for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and a mixture of encapsulated components are used for treating gallstones and ureteric stones, but these have obviously been tested and licenced as medicines. It seems that many aromatherapists with no medical qualifications and devoid of scientific qualifications are now dispensing treatments using essential oils and discussing this on the Internet. As a consequence there is a growing danger that a serious poisoning if not a fatality, will arise due to this dangerous practice and its perpetuation. This danger is illustrated by several paragraphs which appear in the book by Julia Goodwin entitled &dquo;Natural Babycare&dquo; (published by Ebury Press, 1997) where, for example, it is suggested that infantile colic can be relieved by adding 5-10 drops of chamomile oil three times a day to a little warmed water or milk. Depending on the drop size, the dose could be about 6ml per day, and if the baby has a low body weight, it could amount to a toxic dose (based on the LD50). Furthermore, there are at least three types of chamomile oils on the market, which are from different plants, yielding oils of completely different chemical composition; there is also frequent adulteration of essential oils with various solvents which have included","PeriodicalId":73989,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Royal Society of Health","volume":"118 2","pages":"126"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/146642409811800216","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20949443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The latest on irritable bowel syndrome.","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73989,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Royal Society of Health","volume":"118 1","pages":"5-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20640098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in the numbers of dentists and dental caries levels in 12-year-olds in the countries of the European Union and economic area.","authors":"K A Eaton,&nbsp;E A Widstroem,&nbsp;C E Renson","doi":"10.1177/146642409811800109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/146642409811800109","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study compares numbers of dentists in the countries of the European Union (EU) from 1970 to 1994 with dentist to population ratios and dental caries levels in 12-year-olds, sets the changes which have emerged against other changing dental disease patterns (including those unconnected with caries levels) and goes on to determine the significance of the findings to the problems of dental workforce planning. Data for the numbers of dentists and dentist to population ratios were obtained from published tables. Data for past caries levels in 12-years-olds were obtained from the WHO Global Data Bank. All other data were obtained from Chief Dental Officers in all countries of the EU. In 1994 there were 222,090 practising dentists in the EU and 12,853 other clinical workers of whom 11,493 were dental hygienists. Since 1970, the dentist:population ratios for Spain and Portugal have improved markedly, the improvement for other countries has been less marked and in Austria a small reduction has occurred. Six countries show a considerable reduction in caries levels for 12-year-olds between 1970 and the 1990s, five show smaller reductions and three show a deterioration. As a consequence of the general improvement in caries levels in most of these countries it is probable that workloads in relation to the treatment of caries are falling, particularly for younger age groups. However, because of the overall ageing of populations in many industrialised countries the workload for older age groups is increasing, as older adults increase in number, a greater proportion retain their teeth and are afflicted by a range of problems, which include, but are not exclusive to, dental caries. There are few data for these older age groups than for caries levels in 12-year-olds. It was concluded that those planning the EU dental workforce of the future should take account of reliable epidemiological data for all groups of the population and, as these are not currently available, that suitable periodic oral health surveys covering all population age groups should be carried out regularly in all EU member states.</p>","PeriodicalId":73989,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Royal Society of Health","volume":"118 1","pages":"40-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/146642409811800109","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20640108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bile acids, fibre and colon cancer: the story unfolds.","authors":"M F Chaplin","doi":"10.1177/146642409811800111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/146642409811800111","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Are the changes in faecal bile acid concentrations the cause of colorectal cancer or one of its effects? This is an area of controversy mainly due to the lack of a clear explanation as to how the bile acid concentrations are controlled under different circumstances. This review presents an outline of the evidence that bile acids are both a causal factor in colorectal cancer and that their concentrations are affected by it in a synergistic manner. It also offers an explanation of how some dietary fibre protects against colorectal cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":73989,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Royal Society of Health","volume":"118 1","pages":"53-61"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/146642409811800111","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20639503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antiseptics: a forgotten weapon in the control of antibiotic resistant bacteria in hospital and community settings?","authors":"D N Payne,&nbsp;S A Gibson,&nbsp;R Lewis","doi":"10.1177/146642409811800105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/146642409811800105","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of this study was to ascertain the activity of a selection of widely-used antiseptic/disinfectant agents against antibiotic resistant bacteria and strains isolated from patients infected with clinically significant species. Four antiseptic agents (Dettol, Dettol Hospital Concentrate, Savlon and Betadine) were tested against Staphylococcus aureus, Methicillin Resistant S. aureus (MRSA), Enterococcus hirae, Vancomicin Resistant Enterococcus sp (VRE), Escherichia coli and E. coli 0157. The antiseptics were applied at recommended use dilutions and at a half and a quarter of those concentrations in a standard suspension test (EST). Organic material was added to mimic the presence of blood, protein and other such contaminants to be found in the clinical situation. All antiseptics tested were effective against both the antibiotic sensitive and antibiotic resistant strains of S. aureus and E. hirae as well as normal and clinical strains of E. coli at recommended concentrations. All but Betadine were also effective against the antibiotic resistant bacteria at a half and a quarter of normal concentration. The iodine containing antiseptic, however, failed the test against MRSA at a half normal concentration and showed virtually no activity against MRSA at a quarter normal concentration.</p>","PeriodicalId":73989,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Royal Society of Health","volume":"118 1","pages":"18-22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/146642409811800105","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20640104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Food Standards Agency: a force for change.","authors":"A Shaw","doi":"10.1177/146642409811800106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/146642409811800106","url":null,"abstract":"A Commission, comprising one chairperson and no more than twelve executive members, each with a proven record in their field of expertise, will be appointed by UK Health Ministers to manage the Agency. In keeping with the policy of eschewing vested interest, it is proposed that the Agency staff should be accountable to the Commission, rather than to a Ministerial body. The nature of the work conducted drafting legislation and providing advice to Ministers is representative of many Government departments, and thus it is anticipated that Agency staff should be civil servants. Because of the necessity to maintain close contact with Whitehall, the Agency headquarters will be located","PeriodicalId":73989,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Royal Society of Health","volume":"118 1","pages":"23-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/146642409811800106","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20640105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Decreasing requirement for lithium carbonate therapy in bipolar affective disorders (hypomanic type) following the onset of chronic renal insufficiency.","authors":"R Pandita-Gunawardena,&nbsp;D Donaldson","doi":"10.1177/146642409811800108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/146642409811800108","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The importance of regular monitoring of both serum lithium and creatinine levels, together with thyroid function assessment, in a patient taking lithium carbonate therapy for bipolar affective disorder (hypomanic type) is emphasised. In this case it was the gradual rise of serum creatinine that alerted the physician to the onset of insidiously progressive renal impairment. In the absence of any evidence for another aetiology, it was concluded that a possible cause for the renal problem was the lithium therapy itself. By reducing the dosage it was found that serum lithium levels were maintained within the reference range, thus avoiding the potential psychiatric consequences of high concentrations--which could well have occurred had the former dosage been continued during the period of deteriorating renal function. The situation is currently being carefully monitored in case another cause for renal disease, other than that of a side-effect of therapy, emerges at a later date.</p>","PeriodicalId":73989,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Royal Society of Health","volume":"118 1","pages":"35-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/146642409811800108","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20640107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}